scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Some Common Spices Available at Local Market as well as Branded Spicy in Chittagong Metropolitan City, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhangshu Das ◽  
Milton Halder ◽  
A Mujib ◽  
Faridul Islam ◽  
Abu Mahmud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Food Chain Contamination ◽  
The Government

A study has been conducted to evaluate some metal concentration of spicy from local market of Chittagong metropolitan city, Bangladesh. Total 30 spicy samples of red chili or chili red, coriander, turmeric were collected from five different spot (Khatungonj, Chakbazar, Muradpur, Baluchora, Amanbazar) under Chittagong metropolitan city and metal as Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe concentration was measured. Metal concentration in red chili, coriander, turmeric were found as increasing order as CuKhatungonj>Muradpur>Baluchora>Amanbazar,Khatungonj>Chakbazar>Amanbazar>Muradpur>Baluchora,Khatungonj>Chakbazar>Baluchora>Amanbazar>Muradpur,Khatungonj>Chakbazar>Muradpur>Amanbazar>Baluchora,Khatungonj>Chakbazar> Baluchora >Amanbazar>Muradpur respectively. So, Spicy of Khatungonj was the highly contaminated with metal followed by chakbazar spicy and least metal concentrated spicy was in Amanbazar at Chittagong city. According to WHO (World Health Organization), Cr and Fe concentrations exceeded the permissible limit of heavy metals in spicy but other metal concentrations was within tolerable limit. The current research’s findings will convey a strong message for the government body, policy maker to establish rules and regulation in order to protect food chain contamination, environment pollution and will be helpful for public awareness. An immediate attention from the concerned authorities is required in order to protect food chain contamination and environment pollution.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Level of Public Awareness Outcome of COVID -19 Pandemic among Nigerians

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Azuonwu Obioma ◽  
◽  
Ihua Nnenna ◽  
Ahiakwo Christian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
High Level

The COVID-19 pandemic has been considered to be very phenomenal as the period is marked with some unimaginable Health crises across the globe. COVID-19 has been a global Public Health threat widely affecting the entire populace irrespective of the class and sex across the region of the world. This has attracted lots of sensitization and interventions from the appropriate approved Health agencies such as World Health Organization, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and others to better inform the general public about the nature and mode of operandi of the pandemic virus in the absence of an accepted therapeutics and vaccines as at the time of this study. However, the media is flooded with information; not excluding some misconceptions about COVID-19 pandemic. These conflicting information are taken by the general public without reservation, hence, the study investigated the level of awareness of the public about COVID-19 virus, in relation to general knowledge, signs/symptoms, associated risk factors, transmission/spread and misconceptions. The study was delimited to Nigerians who had access to the internet. The study instrument was a self-structured questionnaire, validated by experts in this area. A Cronbach Alpha revealed a reliability index of 0.92. The online descriptive survey on the awareness level of the public, utilized Google form technique to create the questionnaire which was sent through emails and links to various social media and private platforms. Five research questions and hypothesis guided the study. A combination of primary and secondary data sources aided the study. Modified Likert scale (four points) was used and a criterion mean of 2.5 was used as the cut-off for either aware/agree (>2.5) or not aware/disagree (<2.5). Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 was used to estimate descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% alpha level for deduction. A response rate of 99.1% was obtained and a sample size of 347 was used. The study outcome suggests many interesting phenomena concerning public awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a high level of awareness of COVID-19. However, there is a need for the government and media platforms to curtail the spread of fake news and correct the misconceptions about COVID-19 among her citizens in the region.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and indigenous evaluation in Zambia: My responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
John T Njovu
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Indigenous Ethnic Group ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

"I started taking notice of the coronavirus outbreak when it started to quickly spread to other countries. On 13 January 2020 a first COVID-19 case outside China was confirmed in Thailand. When Europe got affected and numbers started exponentially rising in Italy and England, I became concerned. "When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a pandemic on 11 March and the media increased its coverage, the government started its public awareness and prevention programme. Some Zambians, including myself, volunteered to help the Ministry of Health in information dissemination. I helped translate the WHO guidelines into Nsenga. It is a language spoken mainly by an indigenous ethnic group, Nsenga, found in the Eastern province of Zambia."

scholarly journals A Survey to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about COVID-19 Pandemic from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrojyoti Bhowmick ◽  
Saksham Parolia ◽  
Shubham Jana ◽  
Debarati Kundu ◽  
Sujit Karpurkayastha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
General Public ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) that originated in China in December 2019 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11th March, 2020. It has resulted in extensive lockdown measures in India and in the state of West Bengal. Both Central and State Governments have made considerable efforts to increase awareness about the pandemic among the general public. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) among the general public of West Bengal about the pandemic as no such data is available till date. Materials and Methods: The retrospective survey was undertaken among the general public of the state of West Bengal, India, by means of social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp) through a validated e-questionnaire containing 10 questions during 18th April, 2020 to 3rd May, 2020. Data was captured on Google Forms, which were analysed using appropriate tools. Results: A total of 355 responses were obtained. A 97% of responders were completely aware of the pandemic with 92% practising preventive measures, such as social distancing, washing hands, and wearing a mask. Majority of the participants were young (18-30 years of age) with 51% being males. A 99% of the responders were literate and 86% were from urban dwelling. Total 61% of the participants stated that they have learnt something new after participating in this survey. Conclusion: KAP about COVID-19 pandemic was found to be high in the general population of West Bengal. Involvement of various social media platforms is required for generating mass awareness about COVID-19 in rural West Bengal. Continuous communication and survey by the Government is necessary to spread public awareness as information about COVID-19 is constantly evolving.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Air Emission and Assessment of Human Toxicity Footprint

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 614-622
Author(s):  
Junbeum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Metropolitan City

Objective : The purpose of this study is to propose the concept of the human toxicity (human cancer and non-cancer) footprint (µg 1,4 DCB (Dichlorobenzene) eqv./m3) using heavy metal concentration data in the air in Provincial and Metropolitan City governments. In addition, the final goal is to assess and compare the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint in Provincial and Metropolitan City Governments from 1991 to 2019.Method : To calculate the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint using heavy metal concentration in Provincial and Metropolitan City Governments, the ReCiPe 2016 life cycle impact assessment method in life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. For the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint calculation, the heavy metal concentration data in Provincial and Metropolitan City Governments are multiplied by the characterization factors of each heavy metal such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, and As (Cu, Mn, Fe, Al, Ca, and Mg are not included in the air monitoring data) data (µg/m3). The unit of human carcinogenic toxicity footprint is shown in µg 1,4 DCB eqv. value.Results and Discussion : The results show that the heavy metal concentrations in Provincial and Metropolitan City governments were decreased significantly from 1991 to 2019. In the case of Pb, Incheon was decreased by about 2,124% (from 0.427 µg/m3 to 0.0192 µg/m3), and Busan was decreased by about 1,250% (from 0.2471 µg/m3 to 0.0183 µg/m3). In addition, in Cd’s case, Gwangju decreased by about 1,550% (from 0.0033 µg/m3 to 0.0002 µg/m3), and Incheon was decreased by about 1,071% (from 0.0082 µg/m3 to 0.0007 µg/m3). The results of human carcinogenic toxicity footprint in 1991 (early stage), 2005 (middle-stage), and 2019 (current) show that the average of human carcinogenic toxicity footprint was 8,478 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. in 1991, 5,545 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. in 2005 (about 53% decreased from 1991), and 1,997 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. in 2019 (about 178% decreased from 2005). In 2019, the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint results showed that Gyeongbuk had the highest value of 5,184 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. followed by Busan 3,929 µg 1,4 DCB eqv., Gyeongi 3,305 µg 1,4 DCB eqv., Seoul 2,184 µg 1,4 DCB eqv., Gwangwon 2,011 µg 1,4 DCB eqv. One of the reasons for the highest human carcinogenic toxicity footprint is the concentration of Cr and As, which have very high characterization factors.Conclusions : In this study, the human carcinogenic toxicity footprint using a heavy metal concentration in Provincial and Metropolitan City governments was proposed and calculated. Even though the heavy metal concentrations were decreasing, the number of measuring stations should be increased in each Provincial and Metropolitan City Government to improve the data quality and reduce the human carcinogenic toxicity impact by heavy metals.

scholarly journals Studies on the Proximate Composition, Quality and Heavy Metal Concentration of two Sun-Dried Marine Fish (Sun-Dried Silver Pomfret and Sun-Dried Perch) of Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
MGM Jamil ◽  
MM Mia ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
MA Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Good Grade ◽  
Quality Aspect ◽  
Silver Pomfret

This research was conducted on the proximate composition, quality aspect and heavy metal concentration of sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) and sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) which were collected from local market of Cox‟s Bazar town. These sun-dried marine fishes were collected from the stock after first drying procedure. Organoleptically most of these sun-dried fishes were in „excellent‟ grade some were in „Good‟ grade. Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N content (%) of sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) was 32.25±1.50, 7.75±0.20, 39.59±0.34, 15.75±0.39, 85.68±1.60 and 8.41±0.37 respectively. Whereas in sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) the content (%) of Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N was 40.31±2.13, 5.03±0.55, 26.74±0.47, 11.50±0.26, 46.97±1.00 and 8.21±0.12 respectively. Heavy metal concentration i.e. Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) was 0.68, 5.85, 8.43, 1.15, 24.93 ppm. Whereas heavy metal concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) was Cd 0.65 ppm, Cr 5.6 ppm, Pb 6.28 ppm, Cu 1.04 ppm, Zn 23.8 ppm.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 25-32 2017

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metal Concentration in Two Bony Fish (Catfish and Tilapia) from Orashi River in Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
N. E. Okwodu ◽  
P. U. Okorie ◽  
B. E. B. Nwoke
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Bony Fish ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health

The research was intended to study the influence of human and industrial activities on the Orashi River and two bony fish (Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia nilotica). Three groups are observed to have impacted the environment – Oil/gas industries, tyre burning from abattoir, untreated human and animal waste from settlers and the abattoir.  The study was carried out from September 2019 to August 2020. The mean concentrations of the parameters studied in some samples were close to or exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) recommended limits for drinking water and seafood. The results from this study have provided information on the heavy metals profile on the fish of the river.  The level of heavy metals in the muscle of Catfish and Tilapia showed a range of Cadmium in Catfish (1-3.9mg/kg and Tilapia (0.1-4.2mg/kg) with the highest level occurring in station 2 (3.47mg/kg for Catfish and 3.39mg/kg for Tilapia) which is high with regard to FAO 19835, FAO/WHO 10896, EEC 20054 permissible limit of 0.01mg/l and USEPA SQG (1mg/kg) level in seafood. The levels of essential heavy metals in fish muscle were Copper (Catfish-10.9-33mg/kg, Tilapia -17.3-40.6mg/kg), Iron (Catfish-1.0-2.5mg/kg, Tilapia -0.1-5.6mg/kg) were within the FAO 1983 permissible limit while Zinc (Catfish-22-213.2mg/kg) and Tilapia (30.1-196mg/kg) exceeds the limit in some stations. Catfish muscles recorded higher mean value (127.12mg/kg) for all heavy metals than tilapia (44.03mg/kg) and the sequence is Copper > Zinc > Iron > Cadmium. The concentration of heavy metals in Orashi River is in the sequence: Sediment > Catfish > Tilapia >Water. The Total Heavy metal concentration in muscle of Catfish (0.5-1.8mg/kg) and Tilapia (0.1-3.8mg/kg) were within permissible limit.

Kebijakan Ekonomi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Nur Afni
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Taking Action

COVID-19 discovered a global pandemic that gave rise to the emergence of various groups, especially the public. Inaugurated by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic, the management of COVID-19 is a challenge for countries with limited energy sources and health care systems. Citizens' understanding continues to grow along with the number of positive problems and deaths due to COVID-19 which continues to grow in a relatively short time. The ability of each country to adapt to the existing conditions during efficient and anticipatory implementation varies greatly. The policy finds an early ground that must be tested in order to be able to tackle these cases successfully. Anticipatory policy decisions related to efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19, take action against infected patients, protect health workers, and control public awareness are carefully considered. For this reason, the Government is trying to schedule a New Normal policy so that the economic impact of the pandemic does not create a sustainable crisis. This policy is linked to planning where the Government has established programs, as well as major projects in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN). The government needs to review the medium-term plan considering that in 2020 all programs that are trying to focus on taking action against Covid-19. The government has 3 alternatives in the medium term, whether it is always quality, making moderate improvements, or changing it with a new plan with assumptions made from the Covid-19 pandemic and the consequences that accompany it.

scholarly journals Modelling of COVID-19 Transmission in Kenya Using Compound Poisson Regression Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Joab O. Odhiambo ◽  
Philip Ngare ◽  
Patrick Weke ◽  
Romanus Odhiambo Otieno
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World Health ◽  
Compound Poisson ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Generalized Linear Regression ◽  
The Government

Since the inception of the novel Corona Virus Disease-19 in December in China, the spread has been massive leading World Health Organization to declare it a world pandemic. While epicenter of COVID-19 was Wuhan city in China mainland, Italy has been affected most due to the high number of recorded deaths as at 21st April, 2020 at the same time USA recording the highest number of virus reported cases. In addition, the spread has been experienced in many developing African countries including Kenya. The Kenyan government need to make necessary plans for those who have tested positive through self-quarantine beds at Mbagathi Hospital as a way of containing the spread of the virus. In addition, lack of a proper mathematical model that can be used to model and predict the spread of COVID-19 for adequate response security has been one of the main concerns for the government. Many mathematical models have been proposed for proper modeling and forecasting, but this paper will focus on using a generalized linear regression that can detect linear relationship between the risk factors. The paper intents to model and forecast the confirmed COVID-19 cases in Kenya as a Compound Poisson regression process where the parameter follows a generalized linear regression that is influenced by the number of daily contact persons and daily flights with the already confirmed cases of the virus. Ultimately, this paper would assist the government in proper resource allocation to deal with pandemic in terms of available of bed capacities, public awareness campaigns and virus testing kits not only in the virus hotbed within Nairobi capital city but also in the other 47 Kenyan counties.

scholarly journals Public Adherence to Preventive Practices during the Third Wave of the COVID-19 in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Nemat ◽  
Mohammad Faiq Sediqi ◽  
Yasir Ahmad Mohammed Elhadi ◽  
Mohammad Yasir Essar ◽  
Nahid Raufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic emerged from Wuhan, China and has spread across the world and raised public health concerns. To curb the spread of the disease, the government has imposed prevention measures. The objective of this study was to examine the compliance of people with infection prevention practices during the third wave of the pandemic to provide an updated insight into the situation and help policy makers in designing effective measures. Methods This was an online survey of the general population in Afghanistan from April, 2021 to May, 2021. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to recruit the respondents. The target sample size was found to be around 1,094 respondents. Data collection was guided through self-administered questionnaire developed by the researchers according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results From 1,094 respondents, 78% were male. Majority of the respondents were aged ≤ 30 years and had an undergraduate education. Nearly, 1 in 3 participants were healthcare workers and 70% were living in households with 5 or more family members. Overall, 70% of the respondents reported good preventive practices. No significant association found between male and female participants with regard to preventive practices against the COVID-19. The frequency of good preventive practices was significantly higher in participants more than 30 years old (p = 0.035), people with a post-graduate education (p = 0.025), healthcare workers (p = 0.002), and households with less than five family members (p = 0.002). Conclusion Generally, the public in Afghanistan are following infection prevention rules. However, there are certain areas which require further improvement such as observing social distance and avoid shaking hands when meeting others. Negligence of these prevention practices can lead to the increase of infection transmission among people. Public awareness should be continued to keep the people supportive of the government policies. Social media, television advertisements, and similar platforms may be used for this purpose.

scholarly journals HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF SOME SELECTED POULTRY LAYERS FEED PRODUCED IN ADO ODO OTA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O Aminu ◽  
F.M. Oladipo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
World Health

Foods including feed of animals are known to be contaminated with heavy metals and other microbial sources originating from their raw materials, water or processes involved in their preparation or formulation. This study focused on assessing the heavy metal concentration, ash content, moisture content and pH of three different feeds sold around Ado Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. It was observed that the ash contents of the products varies from 13.19% to 35.24%; moisture content ranges from 4.12% to 8.16% while the three feed are of neutral pH value. The heavy metals concentration varies across each sample (Iron 2.644mg/kg to 6.713mg/kg; Lead 0.15mg/kg to 6.7mg/kg; copper 0.00mg/kg; Zinc 0.065mg/kg to 0.572mg/kg; Chromium 0.003mg/kg to 0.127mg/kg and Manganese 1.946mg/kg to 3.113mg/kg). All parameters obtained were below the Federal Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization except that of Lead obtained in Mubat Feed sample coded as C which is 6.7mg/kg which could have deleterious effect on the health status of layers fed with such feed as well that of man upon consumption of such poultry eggs or meat.

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