scholarly journals A Study on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Onion Varieties Under Koppal District, (Karnataka).

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shoba ◽  
N. Rajeshwari ◽  
G. Nagaraja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Polar Diameter

The physico-mechanical properties of four popular cultivable onion varieties i.e., Ballari red, Arka kalyan, Satara (local verity), Kalasa (local variety) in Koppal (Karnataka)were studied to form an important database for designing of storage structures, cleaning, grading, sorting and harvesting equipments. The equatorial diameter of all size category Ballari red onion variety ranged from 4.01 to 8.35 cm, polar diameter ranged from3.82 to 6.62 cm and thickness of Ballari red onion variety ranged from 1.25 to 2.51 cm where as the lowest values of equatorial diameter was observed in Kalasa (local variety) i.e., 3.2 to 7.12 cm, polar diameter ranged from 2.89 to 5.12 cm and thickness from 1.22 to 2.01 cm, respectively. Shape index of three out of four was oval in shape. The geometric mean diameter (Dgm) and arthematic mean diameter (Dam) of large, medium and small size verities as Ballari red, Arka kalyan, Satara, Kalasa had 2.65 to 5.09, 2.5 to 4.58, 2.35 to 4.43 and 2.23 to 4.13 cm, respectively. The highest mean value of bulk density from 678.9 to 390.42 kg/cm3was observed in Ballari red onion followed by Arka kalyan of 662.7to 390.42 kg/cm3, Satara 628.4 to 390.23 kg/cm3, Kalasa 618.59 to 385.24 kg/cm3and highest mean value of angle of repose which was observed in Ballari red i.e, 37o (large size) and lowest was observed 20.90o in Kalasa (small size) variety.

Studies on engineering properties of multiplier onion

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
B. B. Devojee ◽  
A. Carolin Rathinakumari ◽  
A. K. Dave ◽  
Senthil Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Multiplier Onion

The knowledge of physical and mechanical properties of onion bulb is important for successful design of any planter. Multiplier onion is propagated through bulbs and bulbs are planted manually. Manual planting of onion bulb is highly labour intensive (80-100 man-days ha-1) due to the close plant geometry (plant to plant and row to row spacing is 10 × 15 cm) among the vegetable crops. Engineering properties of multiplier onion were determined in order to design and develop a tractor operated raised bed onion bulb planter. In multiplier onion each onion comprises of 4-5 bulbs. These bulbs were cleaned, separated into single bulbs and divided in to 9 categories manually based on their individual weight viz., <2g, 2-3 g, 3-4 g, 4-5 g, 5-6 g, 6-7 g, 7-8 g, 8-9 g, >9 g. The onion bulb had a moisture content of 80.62±0.87 %. It was observed that the properties varied for different sizes of onion grades and the grades had highly significant effect on most of the properties. The linear dimensions of onion bulbs viz., length, width, thickness for nine grades ranged from 21.21±2.60 to 32.31±3.30 mm, 13.54±1.77 to 30.95±2.91 mm and 10.91±1.40 to 22.63±2.15 mm. The geometric mean diameter, sphericity, shape index and projected area all ranged from 28.22±2.04 to 14.54±0.96 mm, 0.87±0.06 to 0.69±0.08, 1.78±0.32 to 1.22±0.14 and 5.50±0.51 to 1.55±0.30 cm2, respectively. The one hundred onion bulb weight, bulk density, true density were in the range of 1185±19.59 to 121.6±6.30 g, 793.20± 9.45 to 480.19±13.13 kg.m-3, 1086± 205.22 to 1013.6±348.85 kg.m-3, respectively. The angle of repose decreased with increase in size of onion bulbs. The interaction between sphericity, shape index and angle of repose indicated that as the size of the onion size increase angle of repose decreased.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Weights of Almond Nuts Based on Physical Properties through Data Mining

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyza GÜRBÜZ ◽  
Bünyamin DEMİR ◽  
İkbal ESKİ ◽  
Zeynel Abidin KUŞ ◽  
Kadir Uğurtan YILMAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Mean Diameter

Quality attributes are the major parameters designating market values of the agricultural goods and commodities. Several practices are applied to improve quality parameters of the fruits and vegetables. Such quality attributes should also be estimated through various approaches before to design of equipment and tools used in handling and processing of these goods and to design storage facilities. Data mining is a novel approach used to estimate various attributes or quality parameters of the fruits from previously measured attributes. Different algorithms embedded into data mining operations may yield quite accurate and reliable equations for estimation of quality attributes. Almond is a significant cash crop for growers. Since almond is quite tolerant to droughts and salinity, it is preferred in various parts of the country by producers. Weight is the primary quality parameter designating market value of the almonds. This study was conducted to estimate nut weights of seven different almond varieties and to develop an equation for the estimation of nut weights. Data mining approach was used to estimate nut weights from physical fruit quality attributes (kernel length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, shape index and aspect ratio). Present findings revealed quite significant, accurate and practicable rules to estimate the nut weights of different almond varieties. It was concluded that data mining could be used as a reliable tool to estimate the nut weights of different almond varieties from the physical attributes of the fruits.

Physical properties of kumquat fruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jaliliantabar ◽  
A.N. Lorestani ◽  
R. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Initial Rupture ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume

Abstract Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

Measurement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Russian Olive (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) Fruit

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Nadian ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-fard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Russian Olive ◽  
Double Shear

Abstract The effect of moisture content on some properties of two varieties (Meymeh and Maragheh) of Russian olives was studied. The physical and mechanical properties including: dimensions, geometric mean diameter, thousand mass, volume, sphericity, surface area, true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, rupture force, and rupture energy. The changes of moisture content levels from 17% to 25% (w.b.) indicated a statistically significant effect on all studied physical properties, except bulk density for Russian olive fruits. Shearing force was applied to the fruit using a testing machine in double shear mode. Shear strength and shearing energy increased with increase of loading rate; however, they were higher in Meymeh variety than Maragheh variety. Therefore, the lowest loading rate, with up to about 10 mm/min is desirable to design a suitable pulverizing mill in the herbal medicine industries.

scholarly journals Physical Attributes and Modelling of Trans- Himalayan Seabuckthorn Berries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWAPNIL G. JAISWAL ◽  
BHUSHAN R. DOLE ◽  
SANGRAM K. SATPATHY ◽  
S.N. NAIK
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
In Trans

Seabuckthorn is a highly perishable fruit found in trans-Himalayan region and North-Eastern part of India. It has enormous nutritional and medicinal properties. Physical attributes of fruits play an important role in the design of machines to meet various harvest and post harvest operations. In the present study properties like dimensions, true density, bulk density, sphericity, porosity and angle of repose were measured and correlated with the mass of the fruit. In addition linear, polynomial, quadratic, logarithmic and exponential models were used for mass and surface area. The length, diameter, thousand berry weight, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, angle of repose, sphericity, porosity, true density, bulk density, moisture content were found in the range of 6.5-7.5, 4.74-6.28, 362.67-910.14, 5.49-6.99, 6.17-6.24, 76.87-154.76, 72.81-83.73, 3.59-6.82, 65.84-90.47, 17.05-60.07, 647.19-1399.24, 453.81-725.88, 84.53-87.34 respectively. Polynomial model was suited to be best for mass with length and diameter. Polynomial model between surface area and geometric mean diameter gave highest R2 of 0.981.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN WALNUT (Juglans regia L.) VARIETIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Ersin Gülsoy ◽  
Emrah Kuş ◽  
Sefa Altıkat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Puncture Force

In this research, we examined some of the physical (fruit dimensions, geometric mean diameter sphericity and surface area) and mechanical (puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness) properties on the four different domestic (Şebin, Kaman, Bilecik and Yalova-3) and two different foreign (Chandler and Fernor) walnut (Juglans regia) varieties. For this purpose, we applied puncture force on the walnuts at the direction of width orientation (x–x), length orientation (y–y) and suture orientation (z‒z). According to obtained results, there are significant differences among the walnut varieties for crustacean walnut weight and walnut weight. The maximum and minimum values of crustacean walnut weight were observed as 18.27 g and 10.98 g for Kaman and Chandler, respectively. In addition to these results, Bilecik has a maximum walnut weight – 8.71 g, while the minimum walnut weight was observed for Yalova-3 – 4.57 g. Furthermore, geometric mean diameter and sphericity values ranged to 31.93–38.57 mm and 82.78–92.54%, respectively. There are statistically significant differences on the puncture force, deformation, energy absorption and hardness according to the load axes. The maximum and minimum puncture force values were determined at the Fernor (572 N) with y–y axes and Chandler (211.9 N) with z–z axes, respectively. Also, the highest hardness and the lowest deformation values were obtained for Kaman (y–y axes) and the highest deformation and the lowest hardness were determined at Bilecik (x–x axes). The energy absorption values changed as follows: 0.455–1.086 J, 0.404–0.985 J and 0.426–1.051 J for x–x, y–y and z–z axes, respectively.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Postharvest Chemical, Sensorial and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evica MRATINIĆ ◽  
Bojan POPOVSKI ◽  
Tomo MILOŠEVIĆ ◽  
Melpomena POPOVSKA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Solids Content

Some chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties of 19 apricot genotypes and Hungarian Best (control) such as moisture content, soluble solids content, titratable acidity ratio and their ratio, fruit and stone mass, flesh/stone ratio, fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were determined. Their application is also discussed. The highest moisture content and stone mass observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04, soluble solids content in ZO-1/03, titratable acidity in ZL-2/03, SS/TA ratio in ZL-1/03, and fruit mass and flesh/stone ratio in DL-1/1/04 genotype. The most number of genotypes have orange and deep orange skin and flesh colour, respectively, whereas sweet kernel taste was predominant in most genotypes. Regarding physical-mechanical properties, the superior fruit dimensions (length, width, thickness), arithmetic and geometric mean diameter and surface area observed in DL-1/1/04 genotype, whereas the highest sphericity and surface area observed in X-1/1/04 and X-1/2/04 genotypes. Also, the series of genotypes evaluated have better chemical, sensorial and physical-mechanical properties than Hungarian Best (control). Finally, information about these properties is very important for understanding the behaviour of the product during the postharvest operations.

Moisture-dependent Physical and Thermal Properties of Sericea Lespedeza Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Ajit K Mahapatra ◽  
Daniel E Ekefre ◽  
Hema L Degala ◽  
Somashekhar M Punnuri ◽  
Thomas H Terrill
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Mean Diameter

Abstract. The bioactivity of Sericea lespedeza (SL) condensed tannins, including suppression of gastrointestinal nematodes, has contributed to a surge in interest of use of this plant in livestock production systems worldwide. Physical and thermal properties of SL seeds (AU Grazer™ and Serala cultivars) were determined as a function of moisture content for a moisture range from 8.57% to 26.53%, wet basis. The length, width, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, and 1000 seed mass of both the seeds increased as the moisture content increased. Bulk density and unit density decreased as the moisture content increased. The sphericity of SL seeds decreased with increasing moisture content. Serala seeds were characterized by a higher aspect ratio than AU Grazer™. The angle of repose of SL seeds increased, while the compressibility index decreased in the moisture range. For color, the L* values of SL seeds decreased while the a* values increased with the increase in moisture content. A decrease in the b* values was insignificant. The thermal conductivity and specific heat of SL seeds decreased, whereas, thermal diffusivity increased as the moisture content of SL seeds increased. Serala seeds were characterized by higher values of thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat than AU Grazer™. Keywords: Engineering properties, Moisture content, Physical properties, Seeds, Thermal properties.

Physico-mechanical Properties and Colour Characteristics of Apple as Affected by Methyl Jasmonate Treatments

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebubekir Altuntas ◽  
Burhan Ozturk ◽  
Yakup Özkan ◽  
Kenan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
B Value ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Rubber Surface ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Fruit Mass

Physical (geometric, volumetric and colour) and mechanical properties of apple (cv. Fuji) as affected by Methyl Jasmonate treatments were analyzed. Geometric mean diameter, fruit mass, sphericity and surface area ranged from 71.36 to 69.97 mm, 196.53 to 194.83 g, 1.126 to 1.129, and 161.32 to 158.11 cm2 with MeJA doses, respectively. The bulk and fruit densities varied from 383.65 to 364.22 kg/m3 and from 967.96 to 954.63 kg/m3, with MeJA treatments. L*, a*, b* value of skin apple changed from 50.76 to 46.89, from 28.06 to 30.35, and from 24.58 to 22.43, respectively with MeJA doses. The skin and flesh firmnesses varied from 101.49 to 112.60 N and 74.18 to 72.71 N, respectively. The sphericity and projected area increased with MeJA doses used. As the MeJA doses increased, the bulk and fruit densities decreased, whereas volume increased. L*, b* and hue angle characteristics of skin apple were found to decrease, whereas a* was found to increase with MeJA doses. The fruit-removal-force was decreased linearly with increasing MeJA doses. The rubber surface offered the maximum friction followed by plywood and galvanized metal for MeJA doses.

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