scholarly journals Management Options for Organic Winter Wheat Production under Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Bloch ◽  
Jürgen Heß ◽  
Johann Bachinger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Simulating Wheat Production Potential Under Near-future Climate Change in Arid Regions of Northeast Iran

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Farhad Saberali ◽  
Zahra Shirmohammadi-Aliakbarkhani ◽  
Hossein Nastari Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Northeast Iran

Abstract Water scarcity is the key challenge in arid regions, which exacerbates under climate change (CC) and must be considered to assess the impacts of CC on cropping systems. A climate-crop modelling approach was employed by using the CSM-CERES-Wheat model in some arid regions of northeast Iran to project the effects of CC on irrigated wheat production. Current climate data for 1990-2019 and climate projections of three climate models for 2021–2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios were used to run the crop model. Two irrigation scenarios with different irrigation efficiencies were also simulated to investigate the impacts of water scarcity associated with changing climate and irrigation management on wheat productivity. Results indicated that mean temperature is projected to increase at the rates of 1.74–2.73 °C during the reproductive growth period of winter wheat over the study areas. The precipitation projections also indicated that the precipitation rates would decrease over most of the wheat-growing period. The length of the vegetative growth period will extend in some regions and shorten in others under the near future climate. However, the grain filling duration will reduce by about 2–4 days across all regions. The mean seasonal PET is expected to decrease by about 11 mm from 2021 to 2050 over the study areas. A mean overall reduction in winter wheat yield due to future climate conditions would be about 12.3 % across the study areas. However, an increase of 15-30% in the irrigation efficiency will be able to offset yield reductions associated with limited water supply under future climate scenarios. The results suggest that CC will exacerbate limited irrigation water availability, so implementing high-efficiency irrigation systems should be a priority to adapt to climate change in an arid cropping system.

Impacts of climate change and alternative adaptation options on winter wheat yield and water productivity in a dry climate in Central Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. THALER ◽  
J. EITZINGER ◽  
M. TRNKA ◽  
M. DUBROVSKY
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Management Changes

SUMMARYThe main objective of the present crop simulation study was to determine the impact of climate change on the winter wheat production of a dry area situated in north-east Austria (Marchfeld region) based on the CERES-Wheat crop-growth simulation model associated with global circulation models (GCMs). The effects of some of the feasible regional- and farm-based adaptation measures (management options) on crop yield and water and nitrogen (N) balance under the climate scenarios were simulated. Climate scenarios were defined based on the ECHAM5, HadCM3 and NCAR PCM GCM simulations for future conditions (2021–50) as described in the Special Report on Emission Scenarios A1B (Nakicenovic & Swart 2000). The potential development, yield, water demand and soil N leaching were estimated for winter wheat and all of the defined climates (including rising CO2 levels) and management scenarios (soil cultivation, windbreaks and irrigation).The results showed that a warming of 2°C in the air temperature would shorten the crop-growing period by up to 20 days and would decrease the potential winter wheat yield on nearly all of the soil types in the region. Particularly, high-yield reductions were projected for light-textured soils such as Parachernozems. A change from ploughing to minimum tillage within the future scenario would lead to an increase of up to 8% of the mean yield of winter wheat. This effect mainly resulted from improved water supply to the crop, associated with higher soil water storage capacity and decrease of unproductive water losses. Hedgerows, which reduce the wind speed, were predicted to have particularly positive effects on medium and moderately fine-textured soils such as Chernozems and Fluvisols. With both management changes, regional mean-yield level can be expected to be +4% in comparison with no management changes in the future conditions. Compared with the baseline period, water demand for the potential yield of winter wheat would require 6–37 mm more water per crop season (area-weighted average). The highest water demand would be on medium-textured soils, which make up the largest amount of area in the study region. Additionally, the effects of snow accumulation near hedgerows would further increase the yield, but would also lead to higher N leaching rates. However, specific management options, such as minimum tillage and hedgerows, could contribute towards reducing the increasing water demand.

scholarly journals Resistance Breeding Increases Winter Wheat Gross Margins–An Economic Assessment for Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Lüttringhaus ◽  
Holger Zetzsche ◽  
Benjamin Wittkop ◽  
Andreas Stahl ◽  
Frank Ordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Gross Margins

Improved wheat varieties have ameliorated our food production. Intensive cropping systems, as in Germany, achieve very high grain yields and thus contribute greatly to global food security. As diseases, especially fungal pathogens, pose major threats in winter wheat production, disease management is crucial to uphold high production levels and to avoid economic losses. Yet, the economic value of breeding varieties with increased resistance to fungal pathogens has not been analyzed with comprehensive data. Our analysis fills this gap by quantifying the economic effects of 50 years of resistance breeding for winter wheat production in Germany. Based on field trials and agronomic production data, we analyze how resistances have influenced the economic profitability of the crops. Thereby, we can isolate the pure breeding-induced effects of increased resistance to fungal pathogens, which cause leaf and stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight. We calculated the gross margins of 176 varieties according to nitrogen and fungicide applications in field trials. Regression models show that resistance breeding had a strong positive and statistically significant effect on the gross margins of the varieties. In comparison, the specific meta-environment of the season had a larger effect, while the effect of high nitrogen as well as fungicide treatments was lower. The gross margin increased over time along with higher resistances. Simultaneously, the difference in gross margins between the fungicide-treated and untreated variants decreased, indicating an increased contribution of resistances to yield stability. Resistances have increased gross margins greatly, as the health levels of varieties remain high without the need for fungicide applications and thus production costs can be saved. We conclude that resistance breeding has increased the economic profitability and sustainability of crop production due to a reduction in the costs for fungicides. In fields of farmers, these positive effects of resistance breeding can be fully realized by an optimal variety choice and a variety- and situation-specific disease management. Such an agronomic practice would not only further improve winter wheat gross margins but also mitigate some of the pressures on agricultural productions, such as reduced disease management options and adverse climate change impacts.

scholarly journals Influence of Fertilization System on Wheat Yields in Terms of Global Climate Change

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jelić ◽  
Olivera Nikolić ◽  
D. Knezevic ◽  
Nadica Savic ◽  
G. Dugalić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Production

Over the last few decades, wheat production, both in Serbia and worldwide, has been practiced under characteristic agrometeorological conditions. It has generally been affected by specific strongly marked agrometeorological and climate extremes, most notably extreme temperature and drought events during critical periods in the growing season, which mostly had a negative impact on the growth, development and yield of wheat in Central Serbia.This paper presents results and discussion on both the potential effect of climate change on winter wheat yield and the possibility to alleviate it through an appropriately adjusted fertilization system.The present study on the effect of different rates and ratios of NPK fertilizers on grain yield in seven winter wheat cultivars under different (dry and “normal“) conditions during the year was conducted in a long-term field experiment at the Small Grains Research Centre in Kragujevac over a period of seven years (2000/01-2006/07).Depending on the fertilization treatment, the average yield reduction in dry years showed 50% variation relative to “normal” years. The highest reduction in grain yield and other productive traits of wheat in dry years was observed in the treatment involving nitrogen nutrition, particularly lower application rates. As compared to the non-treated control, the use of complete NPK fertilization having an increased amount of phosphorus resulted in the lowest yield reduction during the dry years that were unfavorable for winter wheat production. The average grain yield reduction in dry years was lowest in wheat cultivar Matica and highest in Kg-100, respectively.

scholarly journals Decreased wheat production in the USA from climate change driven by yield losses rather than crop abandonment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252067
Author(s):  
Oladipo S. Obembe ◽  
Nathan P. Hendricks ◽  
Jesse Tack
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Production ◽  
Production Losses

An increase in global average surface temperature over the 21st century will affect food production. There is still uncertainty if the source of the production losses caused by climate change could be driven either by lower yield or reduced area harvested. We use county-level production data on winter wheat coupled with fine-scale weather outcomes between 1981-2007 to examine the impact of climate change on winter wheat production in Kansas. We decompose the total impact of weather variables through both the yield and harvested acreage channels. We find that an insignificant portion—both in terms of magnitude and statistical significance—of the production losses are due to reduced harvested acres (i.e., crop abandonment). The proportion harvested only account for 14.88% and 21.71% of the total damages under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 and neither effect is statistically significant. An implication of this result implies that studies that only examine climate impacts on harvested yields are not significantly underestimating the climate change impacts on production.

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