High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

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High prevalence of qnrA and qnrB genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00475-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chibuzor M. Nsofor ◽

Mirabeau Y. Tattfeng ◽

Chijioke A. Nsofor

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

E Coli ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

And Control

Abstract Background This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of qnr genes among fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FREC) isolates from Nigeria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion technique. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) and for the detection of qnr genes. Results A total of 206 non-duplicate E. coli were isolated from 300 clinical specimens analyzed. In all, 30 (14.6%) of these isolates were FREC; the resistance to fluoroquinolones among these 30 FREC showed 80% (24), 86.7% (26), 86.7% (26), 100% (30), 86.7% (26), 93.3% (28) and 86.7% (26) were resistant to pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin, respectively. The distribution of FREC among the various sample sources analyzed showed that 14%, 10%, 13.3%, 16.7% and 20% of the isolates came from urine, stool, high vaginal swab, endo cervical swab and wound swab specimens, respectively. More FREC were isolated from female samples 73.3% (22) compared to male samples 26.7% (8) and were more prevalent among the age group 26–35 years (40%). Twenty eight out of the 30 (93.3%) FREC isolates possessed at least one fluoroquinolone resistance gene in the form of qnrA 10 (33.3%) and qnrB 18 (60%), respectively; qnrS was not detected among the FREC isolates analyzed and 13.5% of the isolates possessed both the qnrA and qnrB genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates were genetically diverse. Conclusions These findings suggest a possible resistance to fluoroquinolone is of high interest for better management of patients and control of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria.

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Impact of On-Farm Interventions against CTX-Resistant Escherichia coli on the Contamination of Carcasses before and during an Experimental Slaughter

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Michaela Projahn ◽

Jana Sachsenroeder ◽

Guido Correia-Carreira ◽

Evelyne Becker ◽

Annett Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

High Prevalence ◽

On Farm ◽

The Impact ◽

Slow Growing

Cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are still an ongoing challenge in human and veterinary health. High prevalence of these resistant bacteria is detected in broiler chickens and the prevention of their dissemination along the production pyramid is of major concern. The impact of certain on-farm interventions on the external bacterial contamination of broiler chickens, as well as their influence on single processing steps and (cross-) contamination, have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated breast skin swab samples of broiler chickens before and during slaughter at an experimental slaughter facility. Broiler chickens were previously challenged with CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains in a seeder-bird model and subjected to none (control group (CG)) or four different on-farm interventions: drinking water supplementation based on organic acids (DW), slow growing breed Rowan × Ranger (RR), reduced stocking density (25 kg/sqm) and competitive exclusion with Enterobacteriales strain IHIT36098(CE). Chickens of RR, 25 kg/sqm, and CE showed significant reductions of the external contamination compared to CG. The evaluation of a visual scoring system indicated that wet and dirty broiler chickens are more likely a vehicle for the dissemination of CTX-resistant and total Enterobacteriaceae into the slaughterhouses and contribute to higher rates of (cross-) contamination during processing.

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Influence of Bacterial Competitors on Salmonella enterica and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Growth in Microbiological Media and Attachment to Vegetable Seeds

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Da Liu ◽

Ronald Walcott ◽

Kevin Mis Solval ◽

Jinru Chen

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Foodborne Pathogens ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pathogen Populations

Interests in using biological agents for control of human pathogens on vegetable seeds are rising. This study evaluated whether probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, bacterial strains previously used as biocontrol agents in plant science, as well as a selected plant pathogen could compete with foodborne human pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), for growth in microbiological media and attachment to vegetable seeds; and to determine whether the metabolites in cell-free supernatants of competitive bacterial spent cultures could inhibit the growth of the two pathogens. The results suggest that the co-presence of competitive bacteria, especially L. rhamnosus GG, significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the growth of Salmonella and EHEC. Cell-free supernatants of L. rhamnosus GG cultures significantly reduced the pathogen populations in microbiological media. Although not as effective as L. rhamnosus GG in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella and EHEC, the biocontrol agents were more effective in competing for attachment to vegetable seeds. The study observed the inhibition of human bacterial pathogens by competitive bacteria or their metabolites and the competitive attachment to sprout seeds among all bacteria involved. The results will help strategize interventions to produce vegetable seeds and seed sprouts free of foodborne pathogens.

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Quantification of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 protein abundance by high-throughput proteome

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0208520 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e0208520 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wanderson Marques Da Silva ◽

Jinlong Bei ◽

Natalia Amigo ◽

María Pía Valacco ◽

Ariel Amadio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

High Throughput ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Protein Abundance

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Antimicrobial Effect of Chemical Preservatives on Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE ◽

10.1248/jhs.46.204 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Akiko Yamamura ◽

Aki Murai ◽

Hiromu Takamatsu ◽

Kazuhito Watabe

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

Chemical Preservatives

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Polyester Cloth–Based Hybridization Array System for Identification of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 1691-1697 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

BURTON W. BLAIS ◽

MARTINE GAUTHIER ◽

MYLÈNE DESCHÊNES ◽

GEORGE HUSZCZYNSKI

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Oligonucleotide Probes ◽

E Coli ◽

Polyester Cloth ◽

Gene Profiles ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Different Strains ◽

Immunoenzymatic Assay

A cloth-based hybridization array system (CHAS) was developed for the identification of foodborne colony isolates of seven priority enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC-7) serogroups targeted by U.S. food inspection programs. Gene sequences associated with intimin; Shiga-like toxins 1 and 2; and the antigenic markers O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157 were amplified in a multiplex PCR incorporating a digoxigenin label, and detected by hybridization of the PCR products with an array of specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a polyester cloth support, with subsequent immunoenzymatic assay of the captured amplicons. The EHEC-7 CHAS exhibited 100% inclusivity and 100% exclusivity characteristics with respect to detection of the various markers among 89 different E. coli strains, with various marker gene profiles and 15 different strains of non–E. coli bacteria.

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Two Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Type III Secreted Proteins, EspA and EspB, Are Virulence Factors

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.188.10.1907 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 188 (10) ◽

pp. 1907-1916 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Akio Abe ◽

Ursula Heczko ◽

Richard G. Hegele ◽

B. Brett Finlay

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Secreted Proteins ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Infection Model ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Type Iii

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) belongs to a family of related bacterial pathogens, including enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and other human and animal diarrheagenic pathogens that form attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on host epithelial surfaces. Bacterial secreted Esp proteins and a type III secretion system are conserved among these pathogens and trigger host cell signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal rearrangements, and mediate intimate bacterial adherence to epithelial cell surfaces in vitro. However, their role in pathogenesis is still unclear. To investigate the role of Esp proteins in disease, mutations in espA and espB were constructed in rabbit EPEC serotype O103 and infection characteristics were compared to that of the wild-type strain using histology, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy in a weaned rabbit infection model. The virulence of EspA and EspB mutant strains was severely attenuated. Additionally, neither mutant strain formed A/E lesions, nor did either one cause cytoskeletal actin rearrangements beneath the attached bacteria in the rabbit intestine. Collectively, this study shows for the first time that the type III secreted proteins EspA and EspB are needed to form A/E lesions in vivo and are indeed virulence factors. It also confirms the role of A/E lesions in disease processes.

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