scholarly journals DEGREE OF ACIDIFICATION OF PRECIPITATION IN BIELSKO-BIAŁA REGION

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Henryk Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Acidification

Determination of the Corrosiveness of a Lubricating Oil by a Corrosion Sensor

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schneidhofer ◽  
N. Doerr ◽  
B. Jakoby
Keyword(s):  
Corrosive Wear ◽  
Thin Metal Film ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Corrosion Sensor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Acidic Components

The degree of acidification is considered a crucial property of lubricating oils for some applications, e.g. gas engines, as corrosive wear of machine components may be caused by acidic contaminations. For this reason, a sensor concept using the effect of material loss of a thin metal film due to corrosion is proposed. The corrosion of these films prepared from lead has been monitored electrically. In laboratory tests, the sensors were immersed in a series of oils characterized by different types and amounts of acidic components. The usefulness of the proposed sensor concept is also illustrated by corrosion tests with used oil samples taken from engines. The experiments clearly showed a correlation of corrosion rate with acidification expressed as TAN.

Coniferous afforestation leads to soil acidification in central Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Brand ◽  
Paul Kehoe ◽  
Maureen Connors
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Abandoned Farmland ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

The soil pH under 20 coniferous plantations on abandoned farmland at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute was remeasured after 46 years and showed a significant decrease. Soils under white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) showed the greatest degree of acidification, with the average pH in 13 plantations decreasing by 1.28.

DEGREE OF ACIDIFICATION OF RAW FODDER GRAIN DEPENDING ON PRESERVATION CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
E.V. ЕMELIYANOVA ◽  
◽  
N.N. KUCHIN
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Chemical Preservative ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Degree Of Acidification

Fodder grain plays a priority role in ensuring high productivity of farm animals and poultry, revealing their genetic potential. Therefore, it is necessary to use the most advanced methods of grain preservation for the most complete preservation of the original feeding power. Such methods in recent years include the technology of sealed storage of raw fodder grain harvested before the complete maturation phase. Various biological and chemical additives are used to improve the preservation results. The use of such additives (due to the specific features of preserved raw materials) is obligatory. The authors conducted comparative tests of certain types of additives for processing raw fodder grains in the whole and flattened forms to determine the effect of different degree of compaction on the effectiveness of their preserving action. They made an experiment,and the quality of fermentation was determined using generally accepted methods. The raw grain isolated from air access is protected from spoilage due to acidification, so the effectiveness of using preservative additives was primarily determined by the effect on this indicator. The whole grain was put into storage with a higher moisture content (35%) than the flattened one (about 25%),which ensured its significantly better acidification regardless of the degree of compaction. A denser grain storage pattern provided better grain acidification regardless of grain moisture. From tested preparations, the flattened grain was better acidified by powdered sulphur at the medium degree of compaction for storage; the whole grain was better acidified by Biosil NN at the maximum degree of compaction. On average the preparations used in the experiment were arranged in the following sequence (as their influence on the degree of grain acidification weakened): powdered sulphur → biopreparations Biosil NN → chemical preservative Promir.

Preliminary Investigation on Acidification of Ground water in Finnish Wells

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Korkka-Niemi ◽  
Hannu Laikari
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Degree Of Acidification

This research is based on information about approximately a hundred dug wells in five different areas in Finland. The fallout of sulphur compounds has determined the choice of the areas and the goal is to find out the degree of acidification of ground waters. The current situation has been compared to that 30 years ago as there was an investigation concerning the same wells at that time. The pH-value and degree of alkalinity of well water have systematically diminished in all the areas - most of all in areas of major sulphur compounds fallout. The observations and areas being few in number, no decisive conclusions should be drawn concerning the whole country.

Alteration of Fish Communities in Lakes Stressed by Acid Deposition and Heavy Metals near Wawa, Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Somers ◽  
Harold H. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Metavolcanic Rocks ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Degree Of Acidification

Based on chemical criteria such as excess sulfate and low bicarbonate relative to cation, 50 lakes in the Wawa area show some degree of acidification. We conclude that the observed perturbations of lake chemistry and fish populations were primarily the result of smelting operations in the Wawa area. Six lakes have acidified to pH 3.1–4.1 and had high concentrations of metals such as Al, Mn, and Fe. Most of the lakes were in contact with felsic and mafic metavolcanic rocks containing minerals such as siderite, and only a few lakes had granitic basins. The six most acidic lakes contained no fishes and some lakes in the fume-kill area had known losses of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations. Based on a regression of number of species on lake area for 34 lakes, it was estimated that 83 fish populations have been lost from 16 lakes. Fish community changes were difficult to assess due to the distributions of species in the four watersheds. The northern pike (Esox lucius)–walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)–yellow perch (Perca flavescens) community was found now to be present only in lakes distant from the source of emissions. The fish community with brook and/or lake trout as the top predator was the most affected.

scholarly journals Acidity of rainfall samples in close vicinity of coal-fired power plant with wet cooling tower with flue gas injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Korszun-Klak ◽  
Stanislaw Hlawiczka ◽  
Rafal Kobylecki
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Degree Of Acidification

AbstractThe paper presents measurement data concerning the degree of acidification of precipitation collected during a 6-month measurement campaign carried out in an immediate vicinity of a power plant, where the cooling tower was used for discharging flue gases as a product of coal combustion. As reference, data obtained from parallel measurements carried out at a monitoring station considered as city background station were used. High acidity of precipitation was anticipated due to reactions of acid gases contained in the combustion gases with water, which already occur inside the cooling tower. The results have not confirmed this assumption. The pH value of the precipitation samples was significantly higher than the pH of rainwater at the background station located 18 km away from the power plant.

Inhibition by chromium and cadmium of anaerobic acidogenesis

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Q. Yu ◽  
H. H. P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The effects of chromium (III) and cadmium on the anaerobic acidogenesis of a simulated dairy waste were examined using serum vials. At Cd dosages less than 20 mg/l, the acidogenesis process was enhanced by the dosage, resulting in a higher degree of acidification, protein conversion, and hydrogen production than the control. At dosages over 20-mg/l, Cd inhibited the acidogenesis. The Cr (III) dosage of 5 mg/l reduced overall volatile fatty acid and alcohol generation, degree of acidification, conversions of lactose, lipid and protein, and total biogas production, with the exception of accumulation of hydrogen and propionate. At dosages exceeding 5 mg/l, Cr (III) had a severe inhibition on the acidogenesis. The Cd concentrations which caused a 50% reduction in total volatile fatty acid and alcohol production, degree of acidification and cumulative gas production were higher than the corresponding values caused by Cr (III), suggesting that Cr (III) was more toxic to acidogenic bacteria than Cd.

scholarly journals Short-term acidification detection in soils along the northern Dráva floodplain (SW Hungary) by means of Acid Neutralising Capacity (ANC) analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Salvatore Engel-Di Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Acid Neutralising Capacity ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Abstract Various methods can be used for soil acidification monitoring, which can be useful towards remediation or preventing environmental degradation. It has been demonstrated that acidification can be made evident over the span of a few years, with proper monitoring. However, a reliance on pH as a main indicator can lead to detection inadequacies, especially where soils are relatively well buffered against acidity and acid deposition is negligible. A technique employing acid-neutralising capacity (ANC) derivation was applied to cultivated and uncultivated Alluvial Meadow soils to find out whether ANC data could prove effective in determining the occurrence and degree of acidification. Sampling and lab work were carried out between 2009 and 2010 on 33 sites under various land uses. Unlike pH, ANC, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) decreased significantly. ANC analysis appears to be effective in detecting acidification trends over short periods and, in contrast to previous studies, under ostensibly unremarkable conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Postpartum Supplemental Oral Ca for Dairy Cows Fed Prepartum Dietary Acidogenic Salts

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3131
Author(s):  
David B. Vagnoni ◽  
Michayla Davidson ◽  
Livia Rubio ◽  
Garrett R. Oetzel ◽  
Emmanuelle Comets
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Degree Of Acidification ◽  
Jersey Cows

Postpartum hypocalcemia is a problem in dairy cows. Both the Jersey vs. Holstein breed and increasing parity are known risk factors. Our objectives were: (1) to evaluate a simple approach to provide dietary acidogenic salts suitable for application on small dairies and (2) to evaluate the combined effects of degree of acidification and oral Ca supplementation along with breed and parity group on periparturient Ca status of Holstein and Jersey cows. Cows were moved weekly from the far-off dry pen at 260 days pregnant to the close-up pen, where all cows received the acidogenic diets. The diet was offered as a total mixed ration and CaCl2, and our source of acidogenic salts was top-dressed in liquid form and mixed in by hand. Thirty-six cows were blocked by parity group (parity = 2 vs. parity ≥ 3) and breed (Holstein vs. Jersey) and assigned to one of two treatments (no intervention or postpartum oral Ca bolus supplementation) in an alternating fashion, based on expected date of parturition. Urinary acidification appeared complete within 3–4 days. Increased urinary Ca excretion was >93% of maximum from 7–21 days before falling to <5% of maximum by 28 days. Serum Ca concentrations 12–24 h postpartum were lower for Jerseys vs. Holsteins and for parity ≥ 3 vs. parity = 2 cows. Serum Ca over 6–48 h postpartum decreased and increased, respectively, with oral Ca supplementation for parity = 2 and parity ≥ 3 cows. Decreased prepartum urinary Ca excretion and increased colostrum yield appear to be independent risk factors of hypocalcemia for parity ≥ 3 Jerseys.

scholarly journals The Mode of Action of Polyene Antibiotics; Induced Entry of Hydrogen Ions as a Consequence of Polyene Action on the Cell Membrane of Candida albicans

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. HAMMOND ◽  
P. A. LAMBERT ◽  
B. N. KLIGER
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Polyene Antibiotic ◽  
Polyene Antibiotics ◽  
Selective Permeability ◽  
Degree Of Acidification

Summary: The polyene antibiotic candicidin is a potent antifungal agent acting upon the cell membrane of Candida albicans. Destruction of selective permeability by polyenes allows cations to leak into the environment and permits the entry of protons to neutralize the charge so created, causing internal acidification. Quantitive studies on proton entry reveal that K+ leakage alone is not sufficient to account for the degree of acidification recorded. Extracts of untreated C. albicans, when acidified to the same extent, precipitated. Electron micrographs of candicidin treated C. albicans cells confirm this precipitation.

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