Incremental lifetime cancer risk to residents living in a contaminated area in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Toledo* ◽  
Adelaide Nardocci
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Contaminated Area ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Incremental lifetime cancer risk associated with airborne arsenic, nickel and lead exposure in the megacity of Sao Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila De Almeida Piai ◽  
Thiago Nogueira ◽  
Kelly Polido Kaneshiro Olympio ◽  
Adelaide Cassia Nardocci
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

scholarly journals Levels of Heavy Metals in Soya Bean and Some Cereal Samples from Shani and Kwayakusar Local Government Areas in Borno State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
I. B. Lawan ◽  
M. C. Zynab ◽  
I. M. Addullahi ◽  
M. Zakari ◽  
C. A. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Cereal Samples ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

Grain (soya beans, sorghum and maize) samples from Shani and Kwayakusar Local Government Areas, Borno State, Nigeria were collected in agricultural locations for the determination of heavy metals. The levels of heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AA–6800 SHIMADZU). The levels of all the heavy metals studied in all the agricultural locations were higher in the post-harvest grains than in the pre-harvest grains. Results from the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) showed that, there was the possibility of developing cancer related diseases from the consumption of cereal samples from the study area with respect to the 10-4 tolerable limit. The results further suggested that the source of these heavy metals content in the grains samples might be largely as a result of the application of agrochemicals. Hence, consumption of the study cereals from the study area is of health risk with respect to Pb, Cd and As and should be given higher priority by relevant agencies.

scholarly journals Polycycl. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure of Children in Typical Household Coal Combustion Environments: Seasonal Variations, Sources, and Carcinogenic Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunwei Liu ◽  
Ning Qin ◽  
Weigang Liang ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Rong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from the combustion of household solid coal for cooking and heating cause great harm to public health in China, especially in less developed areas. Children are one of the most susceptible population groups at risk of indoor air pollutants due to their immature respiratory and immune systems. However, information on PAH exposure of children is limited due to limited monitoring data. In this study, we aimed to assess the seasonal differences of PAHs in classrooms, analyze the pollutant sources, and calculate the incremental lifetime cancer risk attributable to PAHs in Shanxi Provence. A typical school using household coal combustion in Shanxi Province was selected. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)samples were collected by both individual samplers and fixed middle-flow samplers during the heating and non-heating seasons in December 2018 and April 2019. The PAH concentrations in PM2.5 samples were analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The results showed that PAH concentrations in PM2.5 varied between 89.1 ng/m3 in the heating season and 1.75 ng/m3 in the non-heating season. The mean concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a carcinogenic marker of PAHs, were 10.3 and 0.05 ng/m3 in the heating and non-heating seasons, respectively. Source allocation analysis of individual portable and passive samplers revealed that the main contributors during heating and non-heating seasons were coal combustion and gasoline sources, respectively. According to the results of a Monte Carlo simulation, the incremental lifetime cancer risk values from the inhalation of PAHs in the heating and non-heating seasons were 3.1 × 10−6 and 5.7 × 10−8, respectively. The significant increase in PAHs and the incremental lifetime cancer risk in the heating season indicates that children are more exposed to health threats in winter. Further PAH exposure control strategies, including reducing coal usage and promoting clean fuel applications, need to be developed to reduce the risk of PAH-induced cancer.

scholarly journals Dietary Carcinogens and Cancer Risk: Findings From Japanese Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 194s-194s
Author(s):  
M. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Total Colonoscopy ◽  
Nat2 Genotype ◽  
Adenoma Risk

Background: Red meat and processed meat consumption are established risk factors for colorectal cancer. One hypothesized mechanism for this association is through exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), which are formed when meat is cooked at high temperature for a long duration. Although they are mutagenic and carcinogenic in nonhuman primates, the findings of epidemiologic studies that have specifically examined the association between HAA intake and colorectal cancer risk have been inconsistent. Moreover, since N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) has been shown to play a critical role in the bioactivation of HAAs, an interaction between HAA intake and NAT2 on colorectal cancer has been hypothesized and the findings in the previous studies have been inconsistent. Aim: To investigate the association of meat- and fish-derived HAA intake, which were estimated by our validated food frequency questionnaire and population-specific data on HAA contents in meat and fish items with the risk of colorectal adenoma, precursor of colorectal cancer, among middle-aged and elderly Japanese in Japan and Japanese Brazilians in Sao Paulo. In addition, to test the modifying effect of NAT2 on the association of HAA intake on colorectal adenoma risk. Methods: Tokyo adenoma study includes 738 patients with adenoma and 697 controls who underwent total colonoscopy in National Cancer Center, Japan. Brazil adenoma study includes 316 patients with adenoma and 403 controls who underwent total colonoscopy in 2 hospitals in Sao Paulo. HAA intake was estimated from meat and fish intake based on an HAA database that was validated against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) values measured in human hair. NAT2 acetylation genotype was inferred using 2 SNPs in the NAT2 gene. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between HAA intake and colorectal adenoma risk after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Tokyo adenoma study showed that high intake of 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4, 5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) and total HAA was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma in women but not in men. No clear association with PhIP or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) intakes and no effect modification by NAT2 genotype was observed. Brazil adenoma study found no association for HAAs and no effect modification by NAT2 genotype. Conclusion: Tokyo Adenoma Study suggests that high MeIQ and total HAA intakes are positively associated with colorectal adenoma risk among Japanese women in Japan. However, Brazil adenoma study failed to observe positive associations. The possible explanations of inconsistent findings and the difficulty of the studies will be discussed.

scholarly journals Human Health Assessment of Sixteen Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soils of Northwestern Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Halfadji ◽  
Mohamed Naous ◽  
Farida Bettiche ◽  
Abdelkrim Touabet
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental organic contaminants generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials that are widely distributed in soils. Objectives. This study represents the first attempt to examine the health toxicity of 16 detected PAHs in contaminated soil, via different exposure pathways to populations in northwestern Algeria. Methods. The toxicity equivalency quotients (TEQ) of PAHs were evaluated. The carcinogenic risk assessment of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways to each PAH in soil are described. Results. Incremental lifetime cancer risk values were in the upper limit of the tolerable range (10−6–10−4) for adults and children. The total cancer risk of PAH-contaminated soils for children, adolescents and adults was 2.48×10−5, 2.04×10−5 and 3.12×10−5mg.kg−1d−1, respectively. The highest potential cancer risks were identified for adults and children, with adolescents having the lowest risks. Across exposure pathways, the dermal contact and ingestion pathways had the greatest contributions to the carcinogenic risk of human exposure to PAHs. Conclusions. Further research and guidelines are needed for risk assessments of PAHs in agricultural, residential/urban, and industrial areas, and further risk assessments should include risks posed by exposure through air. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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