Prenatal exposure to DDT for malaria control and neurodevelopment among VHEMBE study participants, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Eskenazi* ◽  
Jonathan Chevrier ◽  
Stephen Rauch ◽  
Angelina Maphula ◽  
Madelein Crause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Study Participants

Prenatal Exposure To Ddt For Malaria Control And Anogenital Distance Among Vhembe Study Participants, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Riana Bornman ◽  
Jonathan Chevrier ◽  
Stephen Rauch ◽  
Madelein Crause ◽  
Muvhulawa Obida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Study Participants

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 047004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Eskenazi ◽  
Sookee An ◽  
Stephen A. Rauch ◽  
Eric S. Coker ◽  
Angelina Maphula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Child Neurodevelopment

scholarly journals Erratum: “Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa”

2018 ◽  
Vol 126 (11) ◽  
pp. 119001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Eskenazi ◽  
Sookee An ◽  
Stephen A. Rauch ◽  
Eric S. Coker ◽  
Angelina Maphula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Child Neurodevelopment

scholarly journals Erratum: “Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa”

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 039001
Author(s):  
Brenda Eskenazi ◽  
Sookee An ◽  
Stephen A. Rauch ◽  
Eric S. Coker ◽  
Angelina Maphula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Child Neurodevelopment

scholarly journals Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of integrating screening for gender-based violence into HIV counselling and testing for adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania and South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Colombini ◽  
◽  
Fiona Scorgie ◽  
Anne Stangl ◽  
Sheila Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Gender-based violence (GBV) undermines HIV prevention and treatment cascades, particularly among women who report partner violence. Screening for violence during HIV testing, and prior to offering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to HIV uninfected women, provides an opportunity to identify those at heightened HIV risk and greater potential for non-adherence or early discontinuation of PrEP. The paper describes our experience with offering integrated GBV screening and referral as part of HIV counselling and testing. This component was implemented within EMPOWER, a demonstration project offering combination HIV prevention, including daily oral PrEP, to young women in South Africa and Tanzania. Methods Between February 2017 and March 2018, a process evaluation was conducted to explore views, experiences and practices of stakeholders (study participants and study clinical staff) during implementation of the GBV screening component. This article assesses the feasibility and acceptability of the approach from multiple stakeholder perspectives, drawing on counselling session observations (n = 10), in-depth interviews with participants aged 16–24 (n = 39) and clinical staff (n = 13), and notes from debriefings with counsellors. Study process data were also collected (e.g. number of women screened and referred). Following a thematic inductive approach, qualitative data were analysed using qualitative software (NVivo 11). Results Findings show that 31% of young women screened positive for GBV and only 10% requested referrals. Overall, study participants accessing PrEP were amenable to being asked about violence during HIV risk assessment, as this offered the opportunity to find emotional relief and seek help, although a few found this traumatic. In both sites, the sensitive and empathetic approach of the staff helped mitigate distress of GBV disclosure. In general, the delivery of GBV screening in HCT proved to be feasible, provided that the basic principles of confidentiality, staff empathy, and absence of judgment were observed. However, uptake of linkage to further care remained low in both sites. Conclusion Most stakeholders found GBV screening acceptable and feasible. Key principles that should be in place for young women to be asked safely about GBV during HIV counselling and testing included respect for confidentiality, a youth-friendly and non-judgmental environment, and a functioning referral network.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Novel DosR Regulon-Encoded Candidate Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Three High-Burden Populations in Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian F. Black ◽  
Bonnie A. Thiel ◽  
Martin O. Ota ◽  
Shreemanta K. Parida ◽  
Richard Adegbola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
South African ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Dosr Regulon ◽  
Interferon Responses

ABSTRACT Increasing knowledge about DosR regulon-encoded proteins has led us to produce novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for immunogenicity testing in human populations in three countries in Africa to which tuberculosis (TB) is endemic. A total of 131 tuberculin skin test-positive and/or ESAT-6/CFP10-positive, human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult household contacts of active pulmonary TB cases from South Africa (n = 56), The Gambia (n = 26), and Uganda (n = 49) were tested for gamma interferon responses to 7 classical and 51 DosR regulon-encoded M. tuberculosis recombinant protein antigens. ESAT-6/CFP10 fusion protein evoked responses in >75% of study participants in all three countries. Of the DosR regulon-encoded antigens tested, Rv1733c was the most commonly recognized by participants from both South Africa and Uganda and the third most commonly recognized antigen in The Gambia. The four most frequently recognized DosR regulon-encoded antigens in Uganda (Rv1733c, Rv0081, Rv1735c, and Rv1737c) included the three most immunogenic antigens in South Africa. In contrast, Rv3131 induced the highest percentage of responders in Gambian contacts (38%), compared to only 3.4% of Ugandan contacts and no South African contacts. Appreciable percentages of TB contacts with a high likelihood of latent M. tuberculosis infection responded to several novel DosR regulon-encoded M. tuberculosis proteins. In addition to significant similarities in antigen recognition profiles between the three African population groups, there were also disparities, which may stem from genetic differences between both pathogen and host populations. Our findings have implications for the selection of potential TB vaccine candidates and for determining biosignatures of latent M. tuberculosis infection, active TB disease, and protective immunity.

Rethinking Structural Mechanisms for Improving Rapid Identification of Transnational Child Victims of Trafficking in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajwang' Warria
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Social Mobilisation ◽  
Structural Mechanisms ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Training

Child trafficking is a multiple child rights violation that affects the lives of millions of children worldwide. However, the identification of victims of trafficking continues to be a challenge in the fight against trafficking, yet it is the first step towards recovery for victims. This article reflects the outcomes of a study that aimed to identify mechanisms for the rapid identification of victims of trafficking in South Africa. A qualitative approach was applied to get rich details from the study participants. Purposive sampling was used to select 32 study participants, including key informants and trafficked children, who were individually interviewed for the study. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Possible mechanisms suggested for improving the rapid identification of child victims of trafficking by the study participants included policy reforms, social mobilisation in communities, strengthening access to justice, and the development and training of practitioners. In the application of these mechanisms, a child-centric, victim-centred and time-sensitive approach needs to be adopted. The lack of rapid identification leads to invisibility of trafficked children that subsequently perpetuates the exploitation of children. To increase the identification and visibility of trafficked children and thereby improve psychosocial assistance, the walls of silence need to be broken down.

scholarly journals Engaging study participants in interpreting results: lessons from the TRIO study in Kenya and South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawango Agot ◽  
Alexandra Minnis ◽  
Kgahlisho Manenzhe ◽  
Erica N Browne ◽  
Khatija Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Study Participants
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