ESTIMATING PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AND OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS DURING SCHOOL DAY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariana Zeka ◽  
Benjamin J. Jones ◽  
Yulia Anopa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
School Day ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Characterization of Bacteria and Fungi Bioaerosol in the Indoor Air of selected Primary Schools in Malaysia

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Husna Mat Hussin ◽  
Lye Munn Sann ◽  
Mariana Nor Shamsudin ◽  
Zailina Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Inadequate Ventilation ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This study reports the types and concentrations of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols found in five randomly selected primary schools in Malaysia. Normal flora bacteria was the most frequently isolated bacteria including Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. Terribacillus spp. found in this study had never been reported before. The most frequently isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Zygomycetes. The average concentration of bacteria in indoor and outdoor air were 1025 ± 612 CFU/m3 and 1473 ± 1261 CFU/m3, respectively, while the average concentration of fungal bioaerosol in indoor and outdoor air were 292 ± 83 CFU/m3 and 401 ± 235 CFU/m3, respectively. The percentages of bacterial and fungal samples that were within the American Conference of Industrial Hygenists (ACGIH) recommended levels were 44% and 33.8%, respectively. The ratio of indoor to outdoor fungi concentration was below 1.0, suggesting minimal indoor generative source for fungal bioaerosols. However, the ratio of indoor to outdoor bacteria concentration was approaching 1.0, suggesting the presence of potential internal generative source and inadequate ventilation. Building occupants might be one of the potential sources of bacteria in the indoor air as the bacteria concentrations without occupants were significantly lower than with occupants (p < 0.05).

Relationship of indoor and outdoor air pollutants in a naturally ventilated historical building envelope

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1460-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López-Aparicio ◽  
J. Smolík ◽  
L. Mašková ◽  
M. Součková ◽  
T. Grøntoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

scholarly journals Respiratory Symptoms and Peak Flow Associated with Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollutants in the Southwest

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Lebowitz ◽  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Barbara Boyer ◽  
Carl Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

scholarly journals Determination of Lead, Cations, and Anions Concentration in Indoor and Outdoor Air at the Primary Schools in Kuala Lumpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normah Awang ◽  
Farhana Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Congested Traffic ◽  
Suspended Particulates ◽  
Vehicles Emissions ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This study was carried out to determine the concentration of lead (Pb), anions, and cations at six primary schools located around Kuala Lumpur. Low volume sampler (MiniVolPM10) was used to collect the suspended particulates in indoor and outdoor air. Results showed that the concentration of Pb in indoor air was in the range of 5.18 ± 1.08 μg/g–7.01 ± 0.08 μg/g. All the concentrations of Pb in indoor air were higher than in outdoor air at all sampling stations. The concentrations of cations and anions were higher in outdoor air than in indoor air. The concentration ofCa2+(39.51 ± 5.01 mg/g–65.13 ± 9.42 mg/g) was the highest because the cation existed naturally in soil dusts, while the concentrations ofNO3-andSO42-were higher in outdoor air because there were more sources of exposure for anions in outdoor air, such as highly congested traffic and motor vehicles emissions. In comparison, the concentration ofNO3-(29.72 ± 0.31 μg/g–32.00 ± 0.75 μg/g) was slightly higher thanSO42-. The concentrations of most of the parameters in this study, such asMg2+,Ca2+,NO3-,SO42-, andPb2+, were higher in outdoor air than in indoor air at all sampling stations.

scholarly journals Ambient and household air pollution: complex triggers of disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. H467-H476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Farmer ◽  
Timothy D. Nelin ◽  
Michael J. Falvo ◽  
Loren E. Wold
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Concentrations of outdoor air pollution are on the rise, particularly due to rapid urbanization worldwide. Alternatively, poor ventilation, cigarette smoke, and other toxic chemicals contribute to rising concentrations of indoor air pollution. The World Health Organization recently reported that deaths attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollutant exposure are more than double what was originally documented. Epidemiological, clinical, and animal data have demonstrated a clear connection between rising concentrations of air pollution (both indoor and outdoor) and a host of adverse health effects. During the past five years, animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies have explored the adverse health effects associated with exposure to both indoor and outdoor air pollutants throughout the various stages of life. This review provides a summary of the detrimental effects of air pollution through examination of current animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies and exposure during three different periods: maternal (in utero), early life, and adulthood. Additionally, we recommend future lines of research while suggesting conceivable strategies to curb exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollutants.

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