JOINT MODELING OF DAILY CRASH COUNTS AND THE RISK IMPACT OF TRAFFIC EXPOSURE AND WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE NETHERLANDS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanthi Pedeli ◽  
Klea Katsouyanni ◽  
Dimitris Karlis
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Traffic Exposure

The 2018/19 beet campaign – Suiker Unie

2019 ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Antens
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Process Disturbances

As in the rest of Europe beet cultivation and the related beet quality was the main topic at Suiker Unie this campaign due to the very dry weather conditions. With a rather low beet yield as a result it was a short campaign of only 120 days in the Netherlands and 100 days at the Anklam factory in Germany. Despite the unusual beet quality and its related impact on the process, all factories had rather stable beet slicing rates. The beet cultivation and harvest, main investments and process disturbances of the 2018/19 campaign at the three factories Anklam (D), Dinteloord (NL) and Vierverlaten (NL) are discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring the relation between aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5</sub> at Cabauw, the Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 17939-17986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schaap ◽  
A. Apituley ◽  
R. M. A. Timmermans ◽  
R. B. A. Koelemeijer ◽  
G. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lidar Observations ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Abstract. To acquire daily estimates of PM2.5 distributions based on satellite data one depends critically on an established relation between AOD and ground level PM2.5. In this study we aimed to experimentally establish the AOD-PM2.5 relationship for the Netherlands. For that purpose an experiment was set-up at the AERONET site Cabauw. The average PM2.5 concentration during this ten month study was 18 μg/m3, which confirms that the Netherlands are characterised by a high PM burden. A first inspection of the AERONET level 1.5 (L1.5) AOD and PM2.5 data at Cabauw showed a low correlation between the two properties. However, after screening for cloud contamination in the AERONET L1.5 data, the correlation improved substantially. When also constraining the dataset to data points acquired around noon, the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 amounted to R2=0.6 for situations with fair weather. This indicates that AOD data contain information about the temporal evolution of PM2.5. We had used LIDAR observations to detect residual cloud contamination in the AERONET L1.5 data. Comparison of our cloud-screed L1.5 with AERONET L2 data that became available near the end of the study showed favorable agreement. The final relation found for Cabauw is PM2.5=124.5*AOD–0.34 (with PM2.5 in μg/m3) and is valid for fair weather conditions. The relationship determined between MODIS AOD and ground level PM2.5 at Cabauw is very similar to that based on the much larger dataset from the sun photometer data, after correcting for a systematic overestimation of the MODIS data of 0.05. We applied the relationship to a MODIS composite map to assess the PM2.5 distribution over the Netherlands. Spatial dependent systematic errors in the MODIS AOD, probably related to variability in surface reflectance, hamper a meaningful analysis of the spatial distribution of PM2.5 using AOD data at the scale of the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Effects of weather conditions on drinking water distribution pipe failures in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Wols ◽  
A. Vogelaar ◽  
A. Moerman ◽  
B. Raterman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Soil Settlement ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract The influence of the weather parameters of temperature, wind and drought on pipe failure of drinking water distribution pipes was studied for the Netherlands. Several data sources were used relating weather effects to pipe failure: pipe failure data, regional weather data from different weather stations in the Netherlands, soil settlement data obtained from satellites and (modelled) pressure data. For asbestos-cement (AC) and cast iron (CI) pipes, temperature was an important factor. CI pipes showed increased pipe failures at low temperatures, which confirms results from previous studies, whereas AC pipes showed increased pipe failures at high temperatures. Pipe failure rates were higher for pipes that on average received higher internal pressures. This study also showed that wind resulted in additional pipe failures caused by uprooting of trees during a severe storm. With respect to drought, in some regions in the Netherlands, increased pipe failures during periods of drought were found. A small influence of soil settlement on pipe failure was found using remote-sensing techniques for a small area (5 × 10 km) in the Netherlands.

Fungal Infection and Presence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Cereals Grown in The Netherlands

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONIQUE DE NIJS ◽  
POP SOENTORO ◽  
ELLEN DELFGOU-VAN ASCH ◽  
HENRY KAMPHUIS ◽  
FRANK M. ROMBOUTS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fusarium Crookwellense ◽  
Cereal Samples

In 1991 and 1993 cereals were sampled during harvest in The Netherlands. The samples were tested for the presence of molds and the samples of 1993 were additionally tested for the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. The molds were identified to genus level and those belonging to the genus Fusarium to species level. The total fungal infection of cereals in 1991 did not differ from 1993, with a median value of 5.0 log CFU g−1 in both years. The incidences of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, the group of Mucor and Rhizopus, Cladosporium, and Fusarium differed considerably between the two years, possibly caused by the different weather conditions. The numbers of samples infected with Fusarium were much higher in 1993 (83%) than in 1991 (34%). In 1991, no Fusarium was detected in samples from the southern part of The Netherlands, as opposed to 1993, when Fusarium was found in all regions sampled. The most dominant Fusarium species in 1991 were Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium avenaceum. In 1993, Fusarium poae, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium crookwellense dominated. All these Fusarium species are known mycotoxin producers. Three percent of the cereal samples of 1993 contained deoxynivalenol and 1% contained zearalenone in levels of over 500 μg kg−1 and 200 μg kg−1, respectively. This study has shown that the incidences of various fungal genera and Fusarium species in cereals in The Netherlands can vary from year to year. Considerable numbers of toxigenic Fusarium molds can occur and Fusarium mycotoxins may be present.

Imported Hyalomma Ticks in The Netherlands 2018-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Uiterwijk ◽  
Adolfo Ibáñez-Justicia ◽  
Bart van de Vossenberg ◽  
Frans Jacobs ◽  
Paul Overgaauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rickettsia Aeschlimannii

Abstract Background: Ticks of the genus Hyalomma, which are vectors for several tick-borne diseases, are occasionally found in areas outside their endemic range including northern parts of Europe. The objective of this study was to analyse adult Hyalomma ticks that were recently found in The Netherlands. Methods: Hyalomma ticks were morphologically identified. Cluster analysis based upon sequence data (cox1 barcoding) for molecular identification and pathogen detection was performed. Additionally, a cross-sectional survey among horses was conducted to actively search for Hyalomma ticks in summer 2019. Analysis of temperature was done to assess the possibility of i) introduced engorged nymphs moulting to adults and ii) establishment of populations in The Netherlands. Results: Seventeen adult Hyalomma ticks (one in 2018, eleven in 2019, five in 2020) were found by citizens and reported. Fifteen ticks were detected on horses and two on humans. Twelve were identified as H. marginatum, one as H. rufipes and four, of which only photographic images were available, as Hyalomma sp. No Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus or Babesia/Theileria parasites were detected. One adult tick tested positive for Rickettsia aeschlimannii. In the cross-sectional horse survey, no Hyalomma ticks were found. Analysis of temperatures showed that engorged nymphs arriving on migratory birds in spring were able to moult to adults in 2019 and 2020, and that cumulative daily temperatures in The Netherlands were lower than in areas with established H. marginatum populations. Conclusions: Our results show that Hyalomma ticks are regularly introduced in The Netherlands as nymphs and these are able to develop to the adult stage under the Dutch weather conditions. Vigilant citizens can notify Hyalomma adult ticks, especially when attached to horses. Only one human pathogen, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, was found in one of the ticks. The risk of introduction of tick-borne diseases via Hyalomma ticks on migratory birds is considered to be low.

scholarly journals Towards Estimating Land Evaporation at Field Scales Using GLEAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brecht Martens ◽  
Richard de Jeu ◽  
Niko Verhoest ◽  
Hanneke Schuurmans ◽  
Jonne Kleijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Rainfall Interception ◽  
Interception Loss

The evaporation of water from land into the atmosphere is a key component of the hydrological cycle. Accurate estimates of this flux are essential for proper water management and irrigation scheduling. However, continuous and qualitative information on land evaporation is currently not available at the required spatio-temporal scales for agricultural applications and regional-scale water management. Here, we apply the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) at 100 m spatial resolution and daily time steps to provide estimates of land evaporation over The Netherlands, Flanders, and western Germany for the period 2013–2017. By making extensive use of microwave-based geophysical observations, we are able to provide data under all weather conditions. The soil moisture estimates from GLEAM at high resolution compare well with in situ measurements of surface soil moisture, resulting in a median temporal correlation coefficient of 0.76 across 29 sites. Estimates of terrestrial evaporation are also evaluated using in situ eddy-covariance measurements from five sites, and compared to estimates from the coarse-scale GLEAM v3.2b, land evaporation from the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF), and reference grass evaporation based on Makkink’s equation. All datasets compare similarly with in situ measurements and differences in the temporal statistics are small, with correlation coefficients against in situ data ranging from 0.65 to 0.95, depending on the site. Evaporation estimates from GLEAM-HR are typically bounded by the high values of the Makkink evaporation and the low values from LSA-SAF. While GLEAM-HR and LSA-SAF show the highest spatial detail, their geographical patterns diverge strongly due to differences in model assumptions, model parameterizations, and forcing data. The separate consideration of rainfall interception loss by tall vegetation in GLEAM-HR is a key cause of this divergence: while LSA-SAF reports maximum annual evaporation volumes in the Green Heart of The Netherlands, an area dominated by shrubs and grasses, GLEAM-HR shows its maximum in the national parks of the Veluwe and Heuvelrug, both densely-forested regions where rainfall interception loss is a dominant process. The pioneering dataset presented here is unique in that it provides observational-based estimates at high resolution under all weather conditions, and represents a viable alternative to traditional visible and infrared models to retrieve evaporation at field scales.

scholarly journals Weather conditions and daily television use in the Netherlands, 1996–2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Eisinga ◽  
Philip Hans Franses ◽  
Maurice Vergeer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Television Use

scholarly journals Energy saving prospectives of combined heat and power in horticulture in the Netherlands: a simulation study

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
H.F. De Zwart ◽  
G.P.A. Bot
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model

This paper studies the prospects for the use of reject heat from on-site combined heat and power generation in horticulture. In particular, the consequences of CO2-dosing with exhaust gases is studied. All computations are made with a recently developed dynamic simulation model describing the energy consumption of a greenhouse and the performance of its heating system as a function of outside weather conditions and horticultural requests of growers in the Netherlands.

Weather And Event Visitor Expenditures at a Professional Golf Tournament in The Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelle Schoemaker ◽  
Martijn Kamper
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Golf Tournament

Most event organizers depend on visitor expenditures to generate revenue, yet the full economic potential of many events is not fully exploited. This, unprecedented, research examines if weather conditions contribute to greater visitor expenditures. Data was collected from 2935 in-person administered surveys at a major golf tournament in the Netherlands over a period of three years and examined socio-demographic characteristics, behavior and motive variables, and weather conditions to determine their relationship with visitor expenditures. The results show that the amount of rain was related to visitor expenditures and not air temperature. To maximize the visitor expenditures for events like outdoor golf tournaments it is recommended to choose a dry over a warmer period.

scholarly journals Exploring the relation between aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5</sub> at Cabauw, the Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schaap ◽  
A. Apituley ◽  
R. M. A. Timmermans ◽  
R. B. A. Koelemeijer ◽  
G. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Modis Aod ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Mixed Layer Height ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cloud Screening

Abstract. Estimates of PM2.5 distributions based on satellite data depend critically on an established relation between AOD and ground level PM2.5. In this study we performed an experiment at Cabauw to establish a relation between AOD and PM2.5 for the Netherlands. A first inspection of the AERONET L1.5 AOD and PM2.5 data showed a low correlation between the two properties. The AERONET L1.5 showed relatively many observations of high AOD values paired to low PM2.5 values, which hinted cloud contamination. Various methods were used to detect cloud contamination in the AERONET data to substantiate this hypothesis. A cloud screening method based on backscatter LIDAR observations was chosen to detect cloud contaminated observations in the AERONET L1.5 AOD. A later evaluation of AERONET L2.0 showed that the most data that are excluded in the update from L1.5 to L2.0 were also excluded by our cloud screening, which provides confidence in both our cloud-screening method as well as the final screening in the AERONET procedure. The use of LIDAR measurements in conjunction with the CIMEL AOD data is regarded highly beneficial. Contra-intuitively, the AOD to PM2.5 relationship was shown to be insensitive to inclusion of the mixed layer height. The robustness of the relation improves dependent on the time window during the day towards noon. The final relation found for Cabauw is PM2.5=124.5×AOD−0.34 and is valid for fair weather conditions. The relationship found between bias corrected MODIS AOD and PM2.5 at Cabauw is very similar to the analysis based on the much larger dataset from ground based data only. We applied the relationship to a MODIS composite map to assess the PM2.5 distribution over the Netherlands for the first time. The verification of the derived map is difficult because ground level artefact free PM2.5 data are lacking. The validity and utility of our proposed mapping methodology should be further investigated.

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