scholarly journals Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis after Arsenic Exposure and Antibiotic Treatment in Mice: Potential Role of the Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 097002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chi ◽  
Yunjia Lai ◽  
Pengcheng Tu ◽  
Chih-Wei Liu ◽  
Jingchuan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis

Inflammation response after the cessation of chronic arsenic exposure and post-treatment of natural astaxanthin in liver: potential role of cytokine-mediated cell–cell interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9252-9262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Changming Guo ◽  
Huijie Jiang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Xiaoqiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Chronic Arsenic Exposure

Schematic diagram of the mechanism of post treatment with natural astaxanthin attenuating arsenic-induced inflammatory response in rat liver.

scholarly journals Lovastatin fails to improve motor performance and survival in methyl-CpG-binding protein2-null mice

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Villani ◽  
Giuseppina Sacchetti ◽  
Renzo Bagnati ◽  
Alice Passoni ◽  
Federica Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Brain Cholesterol ◽  
Background Strain ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Brain

Previous studies provided evidence for the alteration of brain cholesterol homeostasis in 129.Mecp2-null mice, an experimental model of Rett syndrome. The efficacy of statins in improving motor symptoms and prolonging survival of mutant mice suggested a potential role of statins in the therapy of Rett syndrome. In the present study, we show that Mecp2 deletion had no effect on brain and reduced serum cholesterol levels and lovastatin (1.5 mg/kg, twice weekly as in the previous study) had no effects on motor deficits and survival when Mecp2 deletion was expressed on a background strain (C57BL/6J; B6) differing from that used in the earlier study. These findings indicate that the effects of statins may be background specific and raise important issues to consider when contemplating clinical trials. The reduction of the brain cholesterol metabolite 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24S-OHC) found in B6.Mecp2-null mice suggests the occurrence of changes in brain cholesterol metabolism and the potential utility of using plasma levels of 24S-OHC as a biomarker of brain cholesterol homeostasis in RTT.

scholarly journals The Expanding Role of Mitochondria, Autophagy and Lipophagy in Steroidogenesis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Geetika Bassi ◽  
Simarjit Kaur Sidhu ◽  
Suresh Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
Steroidogenic Cell ◽  
Start Domain ◽  
Steroidogenic Cells

The fundamental framework of steroidogenesis is similar across steroidogenic cells, especially in initial mitochondrial steps. For instance, the START domain containing protein-mediated cholesterol transport to the mitochondria, and its conversion to pregnenolone by the enzyme P450scc, is conserved across steroidogenic cells. The enzyme P450scc localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which makes the mitochondria essential for steroidogenesis. Despite this commonality, mitochondrial structure, number, and dynamics vary substantially between different steroidogenic cell types, indicating implications beyond pregnenolone biosynthesis. This review aims to focus on the growing roles of mitochondria, autophagy and lipophagy in cholesterol uptake, trafficking and homeostasis in steroidogenic cells and consequently in steroidogenesis. We will focus on these aspects in the context of the physiological need for different steroid hormones and cell-intrinsic inherent features in different steroidogenic cell types beyond mitochondria as a mere site for the beginning of steroidogenesis. The overall goal is to provide an authentic and comprehensive review on the expanding role of steroidogenic cell-intrinsic processes in cholesterol homeostasis and steroidogenesis, and to bring attention to the scientific community working in this field on these promising advancements. Moreover, we will discuss a novel mitochondrial player, prohibitin, and its potential role in steroidogenic mitochondria and cells, and consequently, in steroidogenesis.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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