scholarly journals The relationship of blood lead levels to blood pressure in the U.S. population.

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
W R Harlan
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concettina FENGA ◽  
Anna CACCIOLA ◽  
Lucia Barbaro MARTINO ◽  
Santina Ricciardo CALDERARO ◽  
Carmelina DI NOLA ◽  
...  

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice D. Stark ◽  
Ruth Fitch Quah ◽  
J.Wister Meigs ◽  
Edward R. DeLouise

1985 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES L. PIRKLE ◽  
JOEL SCHWARTZ ◽  
J. RICHARD LANDIS ◽  
WILLIAM R. HARLAN

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzi Navah ◽  
Paul Froom ◽  
Estela Kristal-Boneh ◽  
Bernard Moschovitch ◽  
Joseph Ribak

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Fung Tsoi ◽  
Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Bernard Man Yung Cheung

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.


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