scholarly journals Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Suk ◽  
Hamid Ahanchian ◽  
Kwadwo Ansong Asante ◽  
David O. Carpenter ◽  
Fernando Diaz-Barriga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Protocol for a Trial Assessing the Impacts of School-Based WaSH Interventions on Children’s Health Literacy, Handwashing, and Nutrition Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Stephanie O. Sangalang ◽  
Shelley Anne J. Medina ◽  
Zheina J. Ottong ◽  
Allen Lemuel G. Lemence ◽  
Donrey Totanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Based ◽  
The University ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection and malnutrition are leading causes of child mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To reduce the prevalence of these diseases, effective interventions for adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) should be implemented. This paper describes the design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial that will compare the efficacy of four school-based WaSH interventions for improving children’s health literacy, handwashing, and nutrition. Interventions consisted of (1) WaSH policy reinforcement; (2) low-, medium-, or high-volume health education; (3) hygiene supplies; and (4) WaSH facilities (e.g., toilets, urinals, handwashing basins) improvements. We randomly allocated school clusters from the intervention arm to one of four groups to compare with schools from the control arm. Primary outcomes were: children’s health literacy, physical growth, nutrition status, and handwashing prevalence. Secondary outcomes were: children’s self-reported health status and history of extreme hunger, satisfaction with WaSH facilities, and school restrooms’ WaSH adequacy. We will measure differences in pre- and post-intervention outcomes and compare these differences between control and intervention arms. This research protocol can be a blueprint for future school-based WaSH intervention studies to be conducted in LMICs. Study protocols were approved by the ethics committees of the University of Bonn, Germany, and the University of the Philippines Manila. This trial was retroactively registered, ID number: DRKS00021623.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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