scholarly journals Blood Lead Concentration and Thyroid Function during Pregnancy: Results from the Yugoslavia Prospective Study of Environmental Lead Exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 1134-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda G. Kahn ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
Biljana Rajovic ◽  
Dusan Popovac ◽  
Sharon Oberfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Environmental Lead Exposure

Some Studies of Maternal and Infant Lead Exposure in Glasgow

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Moore ◽  
A. Goldberg ◽  
S. J. Pocock ◽  
A. Meredith ◽  
I. M. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Environmental Lead Exposure

In two studies in the city of Glasgow, 236 mothers and their newly born infants and 117 mothers and their 6-weeks old children's environmental lead exposure were examined. In both studies blood lead concentrations were found to correlate significantly with the cube root of the domestic water lead concentrations. In the first study, multiple regression analyses of maternal blood lead and cord blood lead concentrations on other variables showed a significant negative correlation with gestational age. It was also noted that there was an annual fluctuation in maternal blood lead concentration with highest values in the autumn. In the second study, similar relationships were found. Although there was no association between blood lead and sex, age, place of birth or feeding method, as in the previous study, a significant association between social class and blood lead was found. This could be explained on the basis of the significant correlation between water lead and social class. In those mothers who breast fed, breast milk lead concentrations were found to correlate significantly with blood lead concentrations where breast milk lead was around one tenth of blood lead concentration. These studies emphasise the importance of water lead in the economy of environmental lead exposure to mothers and their unborn and newly born infants.

High Lead Exposure Associated With Higher Blood Pressure in Haiti: a Warning Sign for Low-Income Countries

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily D. Yan ◽  
Vanessa Rouzier ◽  
Jean Lookens Pierre ◽  
Myung Hee Lee ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead Exposure ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in lower-income countries including Haiti. Environmental lead exposure is associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality in high-income countries but has not been systematically measured and evaluated as a potential modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in lower-income countries where 6.5 billion people reside. We hypothesized lead exposure is high in urban Haiti and associated with higher blood pressure levels. Blood lead levels were measured in 2504 participants ≥18 years enrolled in a longitudinal population-based cohort study in Port-au-Prince. Lead screening was conducted using LeadCare II (detection limit ≥3.3 µg/dL). Levels below detection were imputed by dividing the level of detection by √2. Associations between lead (quartiles) and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were assessed, adjusting for age, sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, income, and antihypertensive medication use. The median age of participants was 40 years and 60.1% were female. The geometric mean blood lead level was 4.73µg/dL, 71.1% had a detectable lead level and 42.3% had a blood lead level ≥5 µg/dL. After multivariable adjustment, lead levels in quartile four (≥6.5 µg/dL) compared with quartile 1 (<3.4 µg/dL) were associated with 2.42 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.36–4.49) higher systolic blood pressure and 1.96 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.56–3.37) higher diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, widespread environmental lead exposure is evident in urban Haiti, with higher lead levels associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Lead is a current and potentially modifiable pollutant in lower-income countries that warrants urgent public health remediation. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03892265.

scholarly journals Stunting and lead: using causal mediation analysis to better understand how environmental lead exposure affects cognitive outcomes in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M. Gleason ◽  
Linda Valeri ◽  
Anuraj H. Shankar ◽  
John F. Obrycki ◽  
Md Omar Sharif Ibne Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration

Abstract Background Many children in Bangladesh experience poor nutritional status and environmental lead exposure, both of which are associated with lower scores on neurodevelopmental assessments. Recent studies have suggested that part of lead’s adverse effects on neurodevelopment are caused in part by lead’s effect on growth. New statistical methods are now available to evaluate potential causal pathways in observational studies. This study used a novel statistical method to test the hypothesis that stunting, a measure of linear growth related to poor nutrition, is a mediator and/or an effect modifier of the lead exposure’s adverse effect on cognitive development. Methods Participants were 734 children from a longitudinal birth cohort established in rural Bangladesh to study the health effects of prenatal and early childhood environmental metal exposures. Lead exposure was estimated using umbilical cord blood samples obtained at birth and blood obtained via venipuncture at age 20–40 months. Stunting was determined using the World Health Organization’s standards. Neurodevelopment was assessed at age 20–40 months years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). We evaluated the effect of lead on stunting and whether the effect of lead on cognitive scores is modified by stunting status in multivariable regression analyses. We then conducted a novel 4-way mediation analysis that allows for exposure-mediator interaction to assess how much of the effect of lead on cognitive scores is explained by the pathway through stunting (mediation) and how much is explained by the interaction between lead and stunt (effect modification). Results Stunting was not a mediator of the effect of lead in our analyses. Results suggested effect modification by stunting. In an area of Bangladesh with lower lead exposures (median umbilical cord blood lead concentration, 1.7 μg/dL), stunting modified the relationship between prenatal blood lead concentrations and cognitive score at age 2–3 years. A 1-unit increase in natural log cord blood lead concentration in the presence of stunting was associated with a 2.1-unit decrease in cognitive scores (β = − 2.10, SE = 0.71, P = 0.003). This interaction was not found in a second study site where lead exposures were higher (median umbilical cord blood lead concentration, 6.1 μg/dL, β = − 0.45, SE = 0.49, P = 0.360). Conclusions We used a novel method of mediation analysis to test whether stunting mediated the adverse effect of prenatal lead exposure on cognitive outcomes in Bangladesh. While we did not find that stunting acted as mediator of lead’s effect on cognitive development, we found significant effect modification by stunting. Our results suggest that children with stunting are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of low-level lead exposure.

scholarly journals Association between Inflammatory Marker, Environmental Lead Exposure, and Glutathione S-Transferase Gene

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintana Sirivarasai ◽  
Winai Wananukul ◽  
Sming Kaojarern ◽  
Suwannee Chanprasertyothin ◽  
Nisakron Thongmung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Gst Polymorphisms ◽  
Gst Polymorphism ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Environmental Lead Exposure

A number of studies suggested that lead is related to the induction of oxidative stress, and alteration of immune response. In addition, modifying these toxic effects varied partly by GST polymorphism. The objectives of this study were to assess the association between the lead-induced alteration in serum hs-CRP, with GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Val105Ile genetic variations and the health consequence from environmental lead exposure. The 924 blood samples were analyzed for blood lead, CRP, and genotyping of three genes with real-time PCR. Means of blood lead and serum hs-CRP were 5.45 μg/dL and 2.07 mg/L. Both CRP and systolic blood pressure levels were significantly higher for individuals with blood lead in quartile 4 (6.48–24.63 μg/dL) compared with those in quartile 1 (1.23–3.47 μg/dL,P<0.01). In particular, in men with blood lead >6.47 μg/dL the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of CRP levels for individuals with GSTP1 variants allele, GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, double-null GSTM1, and GSTT1 compared with wild-type allele was 1.46 (95% CI; 1.05–2.20), 1.32 (95% CI; 1.03–1.69), 1.65 (95% CI; 1.17–2.35), and 1.98 (95% CI; 1.47–2.55), respectively. Our findings suggested that lead exposure is associated with adverse changes in inflammatory marker and SBP. GST polymorphisms are among the genetic determinants related to lead-induced inflammatory response.

Blood Lead Concentration in Childhood and Age of Menarche in a Prospective Study of U.S. Girls

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary S. Wolff ◽  
Ashley S Pajak ◽  
Gayle Windham ◽  
Susan Pinney ◽  
Maida Galvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Predicting the Children's Blood Lead Level in a Lead and Zinc Smelting Area Based on IEUBK Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Hong Guang Cheng ◽  
Xiang Fen Cui
Keyword(s):  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Smelting ◽  
Lead Levels

According to environmental lead exposure data and dietary survey data of lead and zinc smelting area,blood lead levels of children (2~7years old) in study area were predicted with IEUBK model. The children's blood lead concentration predicted value was compared with the corresponding measured value,by comparing the differences, measured the prediction ability of model. The results showed that predicted value and measured value of 2~7 years old children's blood lead concentration in A village were higher than the other villages, they were 33.5μg/dL,30.8μg/dL, respectively; predicted value and measured value of 2~7 years old children's blood lead concentration in I village were the lowest among all villages,they were14.5μg/dL,13.1μg/dL, respectively.By paired T-test showed that the predicted value were higher than the measured value about 1.4~3.4μg/dL,model calculation results slightly overestimated the children's blood lead level.But in general, the predicted value and measured value had a good consistency,through the model prediction could better reflect the children's blood lead levels in the study area.

Maternal lead exposure and blood lead concentration in infancy

1978 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline E. Ryu ◽  
Ekhard E. Ziegler ◽  
Samuel J. Fomon
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration

Fetal and Infant Lead Exposure: Effects on Growth in Stature

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-612
Author(s):  
Rakesh Shukla ◽  
Robert L. Bornschein ◽  
Kim N. Dietrich ◽  
C. R. Buncher ◽  
Omer G. Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels

The growth of a cohort of 260 infants was prospectively followed up from birth. Blood lead and stature measurements were obtained every 3 months until 15 months of age. Fetal lead exposure was indexed by measuring lead in maternal blood during pregnancy. A longitudinal analysis revealed that covariate adjusted growth rates in stature were negatively related to the infants' postnatal blood lead concentration, as indexed by increase in average blood lead values from 3 to 15 months. However, this relationship between growth rate and change in blood lead concentration was evidenced only among those infants whose mothers had prenatal blood lead levels greater than the maternal cohort median of 7.7 γg/dL (P = .01). The expected stature of a child born to a mother with a prenatal blood lead concentration more than 7.7 γg/dL is about 2 cm shorter at 15 months of age if, postnatally, the infant incurred a 10-γg/dL blood lead increase during the 3-to 15-month interval of life, compared with an infant who has no increase.

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