Dietary Intake Is Associated with Phthalate Body Burden in a Nationally Representative Sample

Justin A. Colacino; T. Robert Harris; Arnold Schecter

doi:10.1289/ehp.0901712

Dietary Intake Patterns and Diet Quality in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women With and Without Severe Headache or Migraine

Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain ◽

10.1111/head.12527 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 550-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

E. Whitney Evans ◽

Richard B. Lipton ◽

B. Lee Peterlin ◽

Hollie A. Raynor ◽

J. Graham Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Severe Headache ◽

Nationally Representative

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Dietary intake of adults with and without diabetes: results from NHANES 2013–2016

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e001681

Author(s):

Scott T McClure ◽

Haley Schlechter ◽

Susan Oh ◽

Karen White ◽

Beiwen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Nationally Representative

IntroductionDiet is a critical aspect of the management of adults with diabetes. This paper aims to compare dietary intakes of key macronutrients and micronutrients of US adults with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of diabetes.Research design and methodsWe compared absolute and energy-adjusted dietary intake of major macronutrients and micronutrients among those with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of glycemic control using a 24-hour dietary recall from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 9939 US adults, 20+ years old (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016). Diabetes was defined as an glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥6.5%, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, serum glucose at 2 hours following a 75 g glucose load (oral glucose tolerance test) ≥200 mg/dL, any diagnosis of diabetes or use of diabetes medication (self-reported).ResultsPercent of calories from macronutrients was similar for those with and without diabetes (p>0.05, energy adjusted and adjusted for age, race, and sex). In both groups, sugar accounted for about 20% of calories. Those with diabetes consumed about 7% more calcium (p=0.033), about 5% more sodium (p=0.026), and had lower diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, p=0.021) than those without diabetes. Among those with diabetes, those with an HbA1c>9.0% consumed about 4% less magnesium (p-analysis of variance=0.007) than those with an HbA1c<6.5%. Results were similar within strata of age, race, and sex. Macronutrient intake did not vary consistently by HbA1c level.ConclusionsIn this nationally representative sample, there were no substantial or consistent differences in the dietary intake of macronutrients or micronutrients between US adults with and without diabetes. Improving the diets of those with diabetes will likely require enhanced targeted efforts to improve the dietary intake of persons with diabetes, as well as broad efforts to improve the dietary intake of the general population.

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Intakes and status of riboflavin in a representative sample of Irish adults aged 18–90 years screened for MTHFR C677T polymorphism

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120000191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Emma O'Sullivan ◽

Laura Kehoe ◽

Janette Walton ◽

Helene McNulty ◽

Mary Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Functional Assay ◽

C677t Polymorphism ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact ◽

Riboflavin Status

AbstractMeta-analyses of epidemiological data report that adults who carry a common polymorphism, the MTHFR 677C→T, in the gene encoding the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have a 40% increased risk of CVD and an 87% increased risk of hypertension. Riboflavin (vitamin B2), in its co-enzymatic form flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD), is required as a co-factor by MTHFR and previous trials in hypertensive patients have shown a blood pressure lowering response to riboflavin supplementation that is specific to individuals homozygous for this polymorphism (TT genotype). Low folate status is commonly reported in adults with the TT genotype however the effect of this genetic variant on riboflavin status has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate dietary intake and biomarker status of riboflavin by MTHFR genotype in Irish adults using data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010) (www.iuna.net).A 4-day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data from a representative sample of 1500 Irish adults (18–90 years). Dietary intake data were analysed using WISP© based on UK food composition tables (modified to include recipes of composite dishes, nutritional supplements, fortified foods and generic Irish foods that were commonly consumed). Usual intakes were calculated via the NCI-method using SAS© Enterprise Guide. Blood samples (n = 1126) were collected by venepuncture by a trained professional and were processed and analysed using standard operating procedures. Biomarker status of riboflavin was determined by erthyrocyte gluthathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac), a functional assay that measures the activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase before and after in vitro activation with its prosthetic group FAD; a lower value indicates better status.It was found that 12% of the population had the TT genotype. As expected, there was no significant difference in riboflavin intake across the genotype (CC, CT or TT) groups. Similarly, no significant genotype differences in riboflavin status (EGRac) were observed (1.36 vs 1.37 vs 1.38 respectively). Overall, 61% of the total population had EGRac values > 1.3, indicative of low/deficient status with no significant difference observed between the genotype groups (60%,61% and 61%, respectively).These data suggest that riboflavin status is not influenced by the C677T polymorphism in MTHFR in this cohort of nationally representative Irish adults. Further research is needed to see the impact of riboflavin status on blood pressure across the genotype groups in this nationally representative cohort of Irish adults.

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Eat Better, Run Longer? Dietary Energy Density Is Associated with Cardiovascular Fitness Level in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents (P16-030-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz050.p16-030-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacqueline Vernarelli ◽

Rebecca DiSarro

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Energy Density ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Dietary Energy Density ◽

Fitness Levels

Abstract Objectives Obesity during childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for several types of chronic disease in adulthood. Researchers have identified dietary energy density (ED, kcal/g) and sedentary behavior as risk factors for obesity during adulthood, but little is known about the relationship between diet and measured cardiovascular fitness levels. The 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) collected data on dietary intake, physical activity and fitness levels in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine the association between eating patterns, specifically dietary energy density, and physical fitness in a nationally representative sample of youth. Methods Using data from NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey, the association between dietary energy density (ED, kcal/g) and cardiovascular fitness level was evaluated. During the NNYFS, cardiovascular fitness was assessed in adolescents aged 12–15y. Dietary intake information was collected using 24-hour recall, and assessment of diet quality involved calculation of dietary energy density. Cardiovascular fitness level was categorized based on gender-age specific cut-points of estimated VO2max. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 survey procedures to account for the unequal sampling probability and complex survey design of the NHANES. Results We observed a significant positive association between dietary energy density and cardiovascular fitness level after controlling for age, sex, race, and household income. Children with cardiovascular fitness levels categorized as “high risk” had significantly higher dietary energy density than children in the “healthy fitness zone” (1.82 vs 1.97, P = 0.04). Conclusions These findings expand on previous work from our group indicating that dietary energy density is associated with obesity in children and that diet in early childhood corresponds with development of physical characteristics that are associated with fitness ability. Interventions that aim to lower dietary energy density in adolescence may aid in the reduction of chronic disease risk during adulthood. Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Chronic Pain, Dietary Intake and Exercise Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab053_094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1101-1101

Author(s):

Jacqueline Vernarelli ◽

R Ross MacLean

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sedentary Behaviors ◽

Activity Data ◽

Pain Status ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Total Fat

Abstract Objectives An estimated 50 million adults in the US have chronic pain, and is one of the most cited reasons for seeking medical treatment. There are well-established associations between dietary patterns, nutrient intake, and musculoskeletal health. Dietary habits can influence inflammation and inflammatory markers, both of which can contribute to chronic pain, however few studies have examined the association between dietary intake patterns and chronic pain. The present study examines the relationship between chronic pain and dietary behaviors in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods Pain assessment was conducted during only one cycle of NHANES (2009–2010). During the examination visit, participants between 20–69 years were asked questions related to pain location and duration. Individuals with chronic pain were identified as those who reported current pain in the back or neck, with a history of pain lasting almost every day for at least 3 months (n = 794). Physical activity data was categorized as ‘moderate’ or ‘vigorous’ activity in the NHANES dataset, and reported as daily minutes; minuets of sedentary behaviors was also reported. Dietary data was collected using 24hour-recall. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 survey procedures to account for the complex survey design of the NHANES. Results Chronic pain was not associated with differences in amount of time engaged in moderate or sedentary activities. Chronic pain was associated with multiple differences in dietary intake compared to a representative sample of US adults. Differences were noted in macro- and micronutrient intake, as well as dietary pattern differences. Individuals with chronic pain reported higher intakes of total fat and added sugars (P = 0.003); and lower intakes whole grains and fiber (P = 0.01), and were found to consume 32% less fruit (P = 0.05) resulting in lower intake of beta-carotene (∼1700 vs 2100 mcg, P = 0.01). Though chronic pain was associated with higher overall fat intake, no difference in intakes mono- and polyunsaturated fats were observed. Conclusions This study supports prior research demonstrating that chronic pain is associated with dietary patterns that are higher in total fat and sugar, and lower in fiber and micronutrients. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether dietary interventions can improve chronic pain status. Funding Sources None.

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The National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS): South Africa, 1999

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2005816 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 533-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

D Labadarios ◽

NP Steyn ◽

E Maunder ◽

U MacIntryre ◽

G Gericke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

South African ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Representative Sample ◽

National Level ◽

Food Consumption Survey ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Consumption Survey

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) in South Africa was to determine the nutrient intakes and anthropometric status of children (1–9 years old), as well as factors that influence their dietary intake.DesignThis was a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of all children aged 1–9 years in South Africa. A nationally representative sample with provincial representation was selected using 1996 Census information.SubjectsOf the 3120 children who were originally sampled data were obtained from 2894, a response rate of 93%.MethodsThe sociodemographic status of each household was assessed by a questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall and a food-frequency questionnaire from the caregivers of the children. Food purchasing practices were determined by means of a food procurement questionnaire. Hunger was assessed by a modified hunger scale questionnaire. Nutritional status was determined by means of anthropometric measurements: height, weight, head circumference and arm circumference.ResultsAt the national level, stunting (height-for-age below minus two standard deviations (< -2SD) from the reference median) was by far the most common nutritional disorder, affecting nearly one in five children. The children least affected (17%) were those living in urban areas. Even with regard to the latter, however, children living in informal urban areas were more severely affected (20%) compared with those living in formal urban areas (16%). A similar pattern emerged for the prevalence of underweight (weight-for-age < -2SD), with one in 10 children being affected at the national level. Furthermore, one in 10 (13%) and one in four (26%) children aged 1–3 years had an energy intake less than half and less than two-thirds of their daily energy needs, respectively. For South African children as a whole, the intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamins A, D, C and E, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid were below two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. At the national level, data from the 24-hour recalls indicated that the most commonly consumed food items were maize, sugar, tea, whole milk and brown bread. For South African children overall, one in two households (52%) experienced hunger, one in four (23%) were at risk of hunger and only one in four households (25%) appeared food-secure.ConclusionThe NFCS indicated that a large majority of households were food-insecure and that energy deficit and micronutrient deficiencies were common, resulting in a high prevalence of stunting. These results were used as motivation for the introduction of mandatory fortification in South Africa.

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