scholarly journals Well-Water Consumption and Parkinson’s Disease in Rural California

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1912-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Gatto ◽  
Myles Cockburn ◽  
Jeff Bronstein ◽  
Angelika D. Manthripragada ◽  
Beate Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Well Water

scholarly journals Geography, Drinking Water Chemistry, Pesticides and Herbicides and the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Rajput ◽  
Ryan J. Uitti ◽  
W. Stern ◽  
W. Laverty ◽  
K. O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Water Metal ◽  
Agricultural Use

ABSTRACT:In 1984 we made the first observation of a correlation between early age exposure to rural environment (and drinking well water) and development of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).13 These findings were subsequently confirmed elsewhere (Barbeau, 1985 ;25 Tanner, 198526). Analysis of all early age onset IPD (EPD) cases born and raised in Saskatchewan revealed that 20 of 22 had exclusively rural exposure during the first 15 years of life. This distribution was significantly different from the general population (p = 0.0141). Further study of the EPD group included sampling and metal analysis of childhood sources of drinking water in 18 cases and 36 age and sex-matched controls. Water collected from the two groups was analyzed for 23 metals (including 7 elements implicated in the etiology of IPD). There was no difference in the metal composition of the water between the two groups.17 Finally, a review of herbicide and pesticide use in Saskatchewan agriculture was undertaken to determine if there was an increased incidence of EPD following utilization of any particular chemical. No increase was found in the incidence of EPD with the introduction of any pesticide or herbicide, including Paraquat, for agricultural use. We conclude that there is a strong correlation between early age rural environmental exposure and development of IPD. We believe well water is a likely vehicle for the causal agent, but neither water metal concentration nor any of the herbicides and pesticides used in Saskatchewan agriculture are related to the cause.

scholarly journals Acid Precipitation and the Prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease: An Ecologic Study in U.S. States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Gary G. Schwartz ◽  
Mark R. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Although the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is unknown, potentially informative clues lie in its geographic distribution. PD prevalence rates within the U.S. are significantly higher in the Midwest and Northeast, a pattern that resembles the geographic distribution of acid precipitation (“acid rain”). Using linear and multivariable regression, we examined state-wide data on PD prevalence in relation to environmental factors including total precipitation, the acidity of precipitation, the use of well water, and industrial releases of sulfuric acid. In multivariate analyses, age-, race-, and gender-adjusted prevalence rates for PD were inversely correlated with well water use and positively correlated with industrial releases of sulfuric acid and with the quantity of acid precipitation (p < 0.0001). To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between PD and acid rain. Because acid rain is known to leach metals from soils and pipes into drinking water, acid rain’s association with PD prevalence adds support for a role for metals in the etiology of PD.

The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water, and rural living

Neurology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1346-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gorell ◽  
C. C. Johnson ◽  
B. A. Rybicki ◽  
E. L. Peterson ◽  
R. J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Rural Living

Exposure to well water and pesticides in Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in the madrid area

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez ◽  
Dolores Mateo ◽  
Santiago Giménez-Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Well Water and Parkinson’s Disease in Medicare Beneficiaries: A Nationwide Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-705
Author(s):  
Maya R. Silver ◽  
Brad A. Racette ◽  
Umber Dube ◽  
Irene M. Faust ◽  
Susan Searles Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Control Study

Early Onset Parkinson's Disease in Saskatchewan - Environmental Considerations for Etiology

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Rajput ◽  
Ryan J. Uitti ◽  
W. Stern ◽  
W. Laverty
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Childhood Environment ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Onset Parkinson’S Disease

ABSTRACT:The cause of idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) is not known but it is believed to be related to some environmental agent(s). Given a long preclinical interval and onset of symptomatology around age 60 years, it becomes impossible to identify and analyze all prior environmental factors satisfactorily. To circumvent these difficulties we evaluated the childhood environment in those PD patients whose symptoms began at age 40 years or earlier. Twenty-one such cases were born and raised in the province of Saskatchewan. Nineteen of these 21 patients spent the first 15 years of life exclusively in rural Saskatchewan. Detailed population analysis indicates a strong predisposition to early onset idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (EPD) in those raised in rural areas (p = 0.0154). All but one case utilized exclusively well water for the first 15 years of life — a trait significantly different from that expected in the provincial population. It is concluded that rural Saskatchewan environments contribute to EPD and that well water used in childhood should be considered as a potential vehicle for the etiological agent.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (S3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Tanner ◽  
Biao Chen ◽  
Wen-Zhi Wang ◽  
Man-Ling Peng ◽  
Zho-Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Rural Living ◽  
Debrisoquine Metabolism

ABSTRACT:Parkinson's disease (PD) has been proposed to result from the interaction of aging and environment in susceptible individuals. Defective metabolism of debrisoquine, inherited as an autosomal recessive, has been associated with this susceptibility. In 35 PD patients and 19 age-matched controls, no significant differences in debrisoquine metabolism were found, although a trend to impaired metabolism was noted in patients with disease onset ≤40. Foci of PD patients were associated with rural living and well water drinking, or rural living coupled with market gardening or wood pulp mills. In a questionnaire survey, patients with PD onset ≤age 47 were significantly more likely to have lived in rural areas and to have drunk well water than those with onset ≥age 54 (p≤0.01). Because of population mobility in North America, a case-control study designed to test environmental, occupational, dietary and other proposed risk factors for PD was conducted in China, where the population is more stationary and the environment more stable. No significant differences in incidences of head trauma, smoking or childhood measles were found between patients and controls.

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