Why Won’t You Listen to Me? Measuring Receptiveness to Opposing Views

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3069-3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Minson ◽  
Frances S. Chen ◽  
Catherine H. Tinsley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Report Measure

We develop an 18-item self-report measure of receptiveness to opposing views. Studies 1a and 1b present the four-factor scale and report measures of internal, convergent, and discriminant validity. In study 2, more receptive individuals chose to consume proportionally more information from U.S. senators representing the opposing party than from their own party. In study 3, more receptive individuals reported less mind wandering when viewing a speech with which they disagreed, relative to one with which they agreed. In study 4, more receptive individuals evaluated supporting and opposing policy arguments more impartially. In study 5, we find that voters who opposed Donald Trump but reported being more receptive at the time of the election were more likely to watch the inauguration, evaluate the content of the inauguration speech in a more even-handed manner, and select a more balanced portfolio of news outlets for later consumption than their less receptive counterparts. We discuss the scale as a tool to investigate the role of receptiveness for conflict, decision making, and collaboration. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.

Openness to Experience as a Basic Dimension of Personality

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. McCrae
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Broad Dimension

In this article I trace some of the historic roots of the concept of Openness to Experience and provide data on the convergent and discriminant validity of measures of Openness in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Factor analyses demonstrate that facet scales measuring Openness to Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Actions, Ideas, and Values covary to define a broad dimension of personality; these scales are weakly and inconsistently related to psychometric measures of intelligence and to self-report measures of Intellectance that emphasize academic ability. I illustrate the construct of Openness with a case study and conclude with suggestions for exploring the role of Openness in understanding cognitive traits, consciousness and mental processes, and the interface between cognition and emotion.

The Stress-Arousal Checklist as a Measure of Situational Stress versus Simple Arousal

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Duckro ◽  
Natalie X. Korytnyk ◽  
Brian R. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Situational Stress ◽  
Report Measure

The Stress-Arousal Checklist was developed as a self-report measure both of arousal and of the favorable or unfavorable appraisal of that arousal. Previous studies with the checklist showed differential sensitivity of the two subscales to experimental manipulations. In the present study, the convergent and discriminant validity were further explored by comparing scores with those on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State. The results supported the validity of the two-factor structure.

Development and validation of the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Oshio
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Report Measure

The Dichotomous Thinking Inventory (DTI) was developed for this study as a self-report measure used to assess a black-and-white cognitive thinking style or worldview. Validation of the DTI was explored with regard to the relationships among dichotomous thinking, borderline personality, narcissism, self-esteem, undervaluing others, intolerance for ambiguity, perfectionism, and the Big Five; and relationships between dichotomous thinking and peer ratings of traits and attitudes. Factor analysis of the DTI revealed 3 components: preference for dichotomy, dichotomous beliefs, and profit-and-loss thinking. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the DTI were at a sufficient level. Correlations among self-measures supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the DTI. Participants who scored highly on the DTI were rated as being articulate and straightforward by their friends. These results generally supported the reliability and validity of the DTI.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties and validity of dyadic coping inventory-urdu version for use in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Sultan Shujja ◽  
Adnan Adil ◽  
Ashley K. Randall ◽  
Guy Bodenmann ◽  
Farah Malik
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Dyadic Coping ◽  
Self Report ◽  
English Version ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Dyadic Coping Inventory ◽  
Report Measure

For married individuals living in Pakistan, stress within their relationship has emerged as a major source of marital conflicts and even relationship dissolution. However, research based on the systemic transactional model of dyadic coping (DC) suggests partners’ use of coping strategies may help in buffering these devastating effects of stress. The original German version of the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) is a widely used self-report measure that has been translated in various languages, however, has not been validated for use with individuals living in Pakistan who speak Urdu. The purpose of the present study was to translate and validate the DCI into Urdu for use with married individuals living in Pakistan. Data were collected from 538 Pakistani married adults. Findings supported the original factor structure of the German and English version of the DCI. As such, results supported the 33-items DCI-Urdu as a valid and reliable measure to assess DC behaviors in Pakistani married individuals. Further, convergent and discriminant validity and measurement invariance (MI) across gender for the DCI-Urdu were consistent with that of DCI-English. A validated measure of the DCI in Urdu provides new directions for researchers and clinicians working with couples in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ): A Self-Report Measure of Mentalizing Oneself and Others

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110612
Author(s):  
Sascha Müller ◽  
Leon P. Wendt ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total N ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Report Measure

The Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ) is a self-report measure of the perceived capacity to understand mental states of the self and others (i.e., mentalizing). In two studies (total N = 1828), we developed the CAMSQ in both English and German as a two-dimensional measure of Self- and Other-Certainty, investigated associations with other measures of mentalizing, and explored relationships to personality functioning and mental health. The CAMSQ performed well in terms of convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement invariance across the United States and Germany. The present research indicates that the CAMSQ assesses maladaptive forms of having too little or too much certainty about mental states (consistent with hypomentalizing and hypermentalizing). A psychologically adaptive profile of perceived mentalizing capacity appears to be characterized by high Self-Certainty that exceeds Other-Certainty, suggesting that imbalances between Self-Certainty and Other-Certainty (Other-Self-Discrepancy) play an important role within personality pathology.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ): A Self-Report Measure of Mentalizing Oneself and Others

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Müller ◽  
Leon Patrick Wendt ◽  
Johannes Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total N ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Report Measure

The Certainty About Mental States Questionnaire (CAMSQ) is a self-report measure of the perceived capacity to understand mental states of the self and others (i.e., mentalizing). In two studies (total N = 1828), we developed the CAMSQ in both English and German as a two-dimensional measure of Self- and Other-Certainty, investigated associations with other measures of mentalizing, and explored relations to personality functioning and mental health. The CAMSQ performed well in terms of convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement invariance across the US and Germany. The present research indicates that the CAMSQ assesses maladaptive forms of having too little or too much certainty about mental states (consistent with hypo- and hypermentalizing). A psychologically adaptive profile of perceived mentalizing capacity appears to be characterized by high Self-Certainty that exceeds Other-Certainty, suggesting an important role of imbalances between Self-Certainty and Other-Certainty (Other-Self-Discrepancy) as an aspect of personality pathology.

An Initial Investigation of the Use of Comparative Referents to Assess Social Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D. Seligman ◽  
Erin F. Swedish ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Jessica M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Social Quality Of Life ◽  
Comparison Measures

Abstract. The current study examined the validity of two self-report measures of social anxiety constructed using social comparative referent points. It was hypothesized that these comparison measures would be both reliable and valid. Results indicated that two different comparative versions – one invoking injunctive norms and another invoking descriptive norms – showed good reliability, excellent internal consistency, and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The comparative measures also predicted positive functioning, some aspects of social quality of life, and social anxiety as measured by an independent self-report. These findings suggest that adding a comparative reference point to instructions on social anxiety measures may aid in the assessment of social anxiety.

scholarly journals Open-Ended Descriptions of Religious/Spiritual Struggles: Salient Themes and Associations with the Religious and Spiritual Struggles (RSS) Scale and Religiousness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Wilt ◽  
Joyce T. Takahashi ◽  
Peter Jeong ◽  
Julie J. Exline ◽  
Kenneth I. Pargament
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Spiritual Struggles ◽  
Valid Information ◽  
Qualitative Coding

Religious and spiritual struggles are typically assessed by self-report scales using closed-ended items, yet nascent research suggests that using open-ended items may complement and advance assessment. In the current study, undergraduate participants (N = 976) completed open-ended descriptions of their religious and spiritual struggles, the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale (RSS), and a standardized measures of religious belief salience. Qualitative coding showed that the themes emerging from open-ended descriptions generally fell within the broad domains of the RSS though some descriptions reflected more contextualized struggles. Scores derived from the open-ended responses to assess RSS domains achieved evidence of reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity with the RSS . Correlations revealed a mix of similar and divergent associations between methods of assessing religious and spiritual struggles and religious belief salience. Open-ended descriptions of religious and spiritual struggles may yield reliable and valid information that is related to but distinct from assessments relying on closed-ended items.

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