The Nigeria Criminal Justice System and Its Effectiveness in Criminal Behaviour Control : A Social-Psychological Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Olonisakin , Tosin T. ◽  
Ogunleye , Adedeji J. ◽  
Adebayo , Sulaiman O.
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Analysis

Criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism: A national birth cohort study in New Zealand

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110655
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bowden ◽  
Barry Milne ◽  
Richard Audas ◽  
Betony Clasby ◽  
Joanne Dacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
System Data

While sensationalist headlines and highly publicised criminal cases have led many to believe there is a link between autism and criminal behaviour, extant literature presents an unresolved debate. We sought to address this issue by examining the prevalence of criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism, and by assessing whether offence types differ between these groups. This was a national birth cohort study using linked health and criminal justice system data. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to compare criminal justice system interactions between young adults with and without autism, controlling for important socio-demographic characteristics. Data were acquired for 1197 people with autism and 147,879 without autism. Young adults with autism had significantly lower rates of being proceeded against by police, charged in court, and convicted in court compared to those without autism. However, those charged with an offence were significantly more likely to be charged with serious and violent offences, offences against the person and against property. Our findings indicate that, although young people with autism were not over-represented in the criminal justice system, disparities in offence types and incarceration rates among those charged with an offence suggest the importance of identification and appropriate response to autism within the criminal justice system. Lay abstract Sensationalist headlines and highly publicised criminal cases lead many in the public to believe that people with autism are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour. However, recent studies present an unresolved debate, and indicate this may not necessarily be the case. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of criminal justice system interactions among young adults with and without autism, and determine whether offence types differ between these groups. We tracked a national birth cohort until their 25th birthday, detecting criminal justice system interactions from age 17 onwards. Linked health and criminal justice system data were used to identify those with autism and detect interactions with the criminal justice system. We found that young people with autism interacted with the criminal justice system at lower rates compared to those without autism. However, there were considerable differences in the types of offences these young people were charged with. For example, among those charged with an offence, people with autism were more likely to be charged with a serious offence, punishable by 2 or more years in prison. We conclude that although young people with autism are not over-represented in the criminal justice system, disparities in offence types and incarceration rates among those charged with an offence suggest the importance of identification and appropriate response to autism within the criminal justice system.

3. Statistics and official publications

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Emily Finch ◽  
Stefan Fafinski
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Crime Policy ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

A number of government and other official agencies collect statistics that provide insight into the extent of criminal behaviour, and produce reports that explore issues such as the impact of crime; policy considerations concerning responses to crime; and evaluations of the work of the various agencies involved in the criminal justice system, such as the police, the courts, prisons, and the probation service. This chapter describes the various types of statistics and reports available, explains how they can be used in the study of criminology, and details where they can be found.

scholarly journals "Just say sorry?" Ubuntu, Africanisation and the Child Justice System in the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sloth-Nielsen ◽  
J Gallinetti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Role Players

In the midst of concerns about serious offences committed by young people, the Child Justice Act is the first formal legislative step to introduce restorative justice in South Africa, and promotes reconciliation and problem solving as an approach to the criminal behaviour of youth.This article analyses the new place of restorative justice and ubuntu in the Act through an analysis of the Preamble, Objects and General Principles sections of the Act as well as the chapters on diversion and sentencing. It notes that there is a clear and consistent framework for restorative justice and ubuntu in the Act that accords with the Constitutional Court’s understanding of both concepts.In addition, the article also enquires if the inclusion of these concepts has created a criminal justice system for children that does not hold them properly accountable for their actions. The question as to whether or not the Act has created a "just say sorry" regime is answered in the negative by way of reference to the numerous checks and balances included in the Act by the legislature.In this context it is contended that the inclusion of ubuntu-related ideologies remains relevant to the development of indigenous and locally constructed images of Africanised forms of justice, but that the true test of how it is integrated into the criminal justice system lies in the manner in which criminal justice role-players engage with ubuntu and how its implementation is effected. 

2. The statistics on crime and their meaning

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
The Media ◽  
Criminal Statistics

This chapter discusses crime statistics, which, as with any other form of statistical information, are often referred to by the media as if they provide a true measurement of crime. It is now increasingly accepted that criminal statistics provide a deficient guide to both the level of crime and trends in criminal behaviour. There has been a massive increase in the amount of statistical information promulgated about crime in the last few years. This reflects in part the greater sophistication in statistical techniques, but is mostly a consequence of the growing political interest in the criminal justice system and an accompanying call for greater accountability and openness. However, there are some facts that appear incontrovertible from all measurements of crime in England and Wales.

Familiarity and Conviction in the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pozzulo ◽  
Emily Pica ◽  
Chelsea Sheahan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Eyewitness Identification ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Eyewitness Accuracy ◽  
System P ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Jury Decision

Eyewitnesses are likely to have some degree of familiarity with a perpetrator when a crime is committed. Despite the fact that the majority of crimes are committed by someone with whom the victim/witness is familiar, the majority of eyewitness research has focused on the identification of stranger perpetrators. It is critical to examine how familiarity may influence eyewitness accuracy. Familiarity can vary from a complete stranger to a very familiar other. This book explores the “middle ground” as it relates to the criminal justice system, namely describing perpetrators, eyewitness identification, and jury decision-making. The purpose of this book is to consolidate the literature that exists regarding familiarity and to apply this research to an eyewitness context. This book attempts to better understand how familiarity may impact eyewitnesses and to highlight key considerations when an eyewitness is familiar with a perpetrator while collecting eyewitness evidence and using it in a courtroom. This is achieved through an in-depth discussion of the definition of familiarity, the examination of critical social psychological and cognitive theory in relation to familiarity, a description of the current literature examining eyewitness familiarity, a discussion of familiarity evidence in the courtroom, and a proposal for future directions and research.

Crime and IT: Hacking and Pornography on the Internet

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Computer Crime ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Criminal Behaviour

Paul Sparrow and Mark Griffiths of the Department of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, suggest that computer crime is set to become an increasingly significant feature of the criminal justice system, requiring probation practitioners to acquire new insights into unfamiliar patterns of criminal behaviour.

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