The Multi-Drug Resistance CFR Gene : An Evolving Mechanism for Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Rania Abd El-Hamid El-Kady ◽  
Medhat Abd El-Massih El-Daker
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Linezolid Resistance

Reversal of Multi-Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by Natural Product-Way Forward

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 668-675
Author(s):  
Saba Farooq ◽  
. Atia-tul-Wahab ◽  
Ali Azarpira ◽  
. Atta-ur-Rahman ◽  
M. Iqbal Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance

scholarly journals Detection of high levels of methicillin and multi-drug resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 1598-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moneer El Karamany Iman ◽  
Musa Ibrahim Yasser ◽  
Megahed Abouwarda Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Essam Tamer ◽  
Ali Amin Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance

scholarly journals Multi-drug resistance traits of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcal species from clinical and environmental sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegboyega O. Oladipo ◽  
Oluwatosin G. Oladipo ◽  
Cornelius C. Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Effluent ◽  
Resistance Traits

Abstract Multi-drug resistance traits of Staphylococcus species especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the clinical settings are well established. Of environmental concern is hospital effluents discharging into wastewaters. This article investigated the prevalence and detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus species from clinical and environmental sources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Standard culture-based and molecular protocols were used. Seventy-six (27 clinical, 14 hospital effluent and 35 environmental) Staphylococcus isolates were recovered: 56.58% were coagulase-negative and 43.42% coagulase-positive (S. aureus). For the clinical isolates, 10, 6, 4, 4 and 1 were isolated from urine, skin, wounds, blood and pus, respectively. Isolates were resistant to methicillin and amoxycillin (91.7%), cloxacillin (88.0%), ciprofloxacin (84.0%), ofloxacin (83.3%), azithromycin (78.0%), ceftazidime (76.0%), gentamycin (75.0%), cefuroxime (75.0%) and erythromycin (72.0%). Nearly, all isolates (90.8%) had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index >0.2. Overall MAR indices for Staphylococcus species isolated from the clinical, hospital effluent and environmental wastewaters were relatively similar (0.482; 0.500; 0.435). mecA, nuc and luk-pvl genes were detected in S. aureus, while mecA was detected in S. arlettae, S. sciuri, S. cohnii, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. This study informs on the potential contamination of environmental waters downstream from hospitals and possible impacts that this could have on human and animal health.

scholarly journals Prevalensi Kuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novilla Rezka Sjahjadi ◽  
Roslaili Rasyid ◽  
Erlina Rustam ◽  
Lily Restusari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
The Right

AbstrakKuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) menyebabkan semakin sulit dalam memilih antibiotika untuk pasien yang mengalami infeksi. Akibat sulitnya pemilihan antibiotika, bisa terjadi perpanjangan masa rawat di Rumah Sakit dan menyebabkan kemunduran dalam dunia medis, sosial dan ekonomi secara tidak terduga. Telah dilakukan penelitian deskriptif-retrospektif dengan mengambil data kuman penyebab infeksi yang mengalami Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012 untuk mengetahui kuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) dan prevalensi kuman Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2010 - Desember 2012.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan dari 6.387 jumlah spesimen yang diambil dan dilakukan uji sensitifitas, ditemukan 3.689 kuman yang telah mengalami Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) diantaranya kuman Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp, E.coli sp, Pseudomonas sp, dan Proteus sp. Dari 3.689 kuman yang mengalami Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang, peningkatan resistensi paling tinggi ditemukan pada tahun 2010 dan meningkat kembali ditahun 2012. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa, kasus Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) sudah ditemukan pada hasil kuman yang dikultur di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan kasus tertinggi ditemukan ditahun 2010 (62%), kemudian menurun ditahun 2011 (55%) dan kembali meningkat ditahun 2012 (58%).Kata kunci: kuman multi drug resistance, prevalensi, kumanAbstractMulti Drug Resistance (MDR) bacteria, makes harder to choose the right antibiotics to use for the treatment and can cause the longer of hospitality days and the sudden decrease of medic, social and economics. It had been conducted a descriptive-retrospective study by taking the data of bacteria that cause infections experienced Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) in RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang from January 2010 - December 2012 to find out the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) bacteria in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from January 2010 - December 2012. The result from the research from 6.387 study that shows the number of specimens taken and get sensitivity test, found 3.689 bacterias that have experienced the Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) including Klebsiella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp, E.coli sp, Pseudomonas sp, dan Proteus sp. The highest resistance from 3.689 Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) bacteria was in 2010 and increased again in 2012.These result indicate that, Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) case has been found in bacteria from specimen in Laboratory of Microbiology RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang and the highest was discovered in 2010 (62%), than decreased in 2011 (55%) and increased again in 2012 (58%).Keywords:Multi Drug Resistance bacteria, prevalention, bacteria

scholarly journals Multi-drug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from Paediatric Ward, General Hospital, Ikot-Ekpaw, Mkpat Enin LGA, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. A. Ibanga ◽  
O. D. Akan ◽  
F. Z. Uyanga ◽  
E. C. Mantu ◽  
M. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Aim: This study evaluated the Multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from a paediatric ward and was conducted using standard clinical microbiological procedures. Location and Duration of Study: The study was carried out on infant samples collected from the Paediatric ward, General Hospital, Ikot-Ekpaw,  Mkpat Enin LGA, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria, over three (3) months period. Design of Study: Hundred swab-samples were inoculated on Mannitol salt agar. Positive growths were further biochemically confirmed for Staphylococcus aureus. Confirmed isolates were then used for MDR evaluation. Results and Interpretation: Of the 100 samples from skin, wound, ear, throat and nose swabs, 28 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus and were subjected to a range of selected commercially available antibiotics like: Amoxicillin, ampiclox, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, rifampicin and streptomycin, to evaluate their susceptibilities. The wound swabs gave the highest isolate percentage yield (32%) followed by skin swabs (29%). Susceptibility results showed that amoxicillin and ampiclox were more resisted by the isolates, while ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and norfloxacin were more effective against the isolates. The Multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) indices showed that 85.7% of the isolates had confirmed multi-drug resistance status, with 60.7% of the isolates showing resistance to between four or more of the tested antimicrobials. MAR indices revealed that 96.4% of the isolates had 0.3, indicating that the resistance resulted from isolates that adapted to the tested drugs due to some form of abuse. Restricted use of these drugs would help curtail the high resistance currently observed amongst microorganisms.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Potential Risk Population of Dharan, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenish Shakya ◽  
Bijay Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Prince Subba ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Golden Yellow

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common cause of hospital acquired infection and community acquired infections. Nowadays these organisms became resistant towards variety of drugs. MRSA is the emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria that are resistant to methicillin antibiotic and known to be the infectious pathogen causing severe infection and a cause of fatal mortality.Materials and methodology Altogether 200 nasal swabs and 200 hand swabs were obtained from participants and transported to microbiology lab in cold chain. The samples were swabbed in mannitol salt agar (MSA) containing oxacillin powder of 6mg/L and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Staphylococcus aureus colonies were identified based on growth characteristics on MSA plates (golden yellow colonies), Gram stain and positive results for coagulase tube test and catalase test. The pure isolated MRSA were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm formation assays.Results From our study the overall prevalence of CA-MRSA was 61.5%. Higher frequency of multi-drug resistant MRSA was isolated. The biofilm producing CA-MRSA were 51.2% which showed high drug resistance and rest (48.7%) were non-biofilm producers. There was significant association in biofilm production with multi-drug resistance (p<0.05). Ciprofloxacin was most sensitive drug against the isolates which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The resistant pattern of biofilm producers reported high ability of multi-drug resistance compared to non-biofilm producers (p<0.05). Microtitre plate method was found to be gold standard over tube and congo red agar method for screening biofilm formation. Surprisingly the emergence of VISA and VRSA strains were significantly reported from our study. The prevalence of VISA and VRSA among CA-MRSA was found to be 49.5% and 40.6% respectively among the isolates which indicates the failure of Vancomycin drug in clinical therapy.Conclusions The prevalence of CA-MRSA was found more in barbers followed by beauticians and municipal waste workers in comparison to healthy controls. This study reported the higher carriage of CA-MRSA in potential risk population along with emergence of VISA and VRSA strains. Improvement in personal hygiene and formulation of appropriate health policy helps to prevent CA-MRSA infection. This study concludes that CA-MRSA is still emerging with multi-drug resistance.

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