The Protective Role of Transplanted Bone Marrow Cells against Injuries Induced by a Chemical Carcinogen and / or γ-Rays in Kidney Tissue of Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 411-421
Author(s):  
Neamat H. Ahmed ◽  
Somia Z. Mansour ◽  
Fatma A. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chemical Carcinogen ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Marrow Cells

Protective role of bone marrow cells in controlling alloreactivity

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
James M. Mathew ◽  
Manuel Carreno ◽  
Laphalle Fuller ◽  
George W. Burke ◽  
Gaetano Ciancio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THYMUS AND BONE MARROW CELLS IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Tubergen ◽  
Joseph D. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

Adoptive transfer experiments were performed to define the immunological role of thymus and bone marrow cells in the induction of delayed hypersensitivity (DH). The results indicated the following, (a) Bone marrow from immune donors contained cells capable of being stimulated by antigen to initiate the expression of DH. (b) Bone marrow from nonimmune or tolerant donors contained cells that were needed to complete the expression of DH after the infusion of immune lymph node cells. (c) Normal bone marrow and thymus cells cooperated in the irradiated recipient to induce the most vigorous skin reactions to specific antigen; these reactions were seen only when the recipients were stimulated by antigen. Either cell type alone was ineffective. (d) In the presence of tolerant bone marrow cells, thymus cells from immune donors gave a more vigorous response than did thymus cells from normal or tolerant donors. (e) There was suggestive evidence that thymus cells were the source of trigger elements that initiated DH. (f) Antigen in the irradiated recipient was necessary to induce DH after infusion of bone marrow cells alone, or bone marrow and thymus cells together.

scholarly journals Pivotal Role of OCL-Derived IGF1 in Drug Resistance and Bone Destruction in MM

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4336-4336
Author(s):  
Jumpei Teramachi ◽  
Kazuaki Miyagawa ◽  
Delgado-Calle Jesus ◽  
Jolene Windle ◽  
Noriyoshi Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Bone Marrow Microenvironment ◽  
Rank Ligand ◽  
Marrow Cells

Multiple myeloma (MM) is largely incurable, and is characterized by devastating bone destruction caused by increased osteoclast (OCL) differentiation and bone resorption in more than 85% of MM patients. OCLs in MM not only promote bone resorption but also increase MM cell growth and drug resistance. Despite recent advances in anti-myeloma treatment, development of anti-MM drug resistance is a major limitation of MM therapy. Therefore, new treatment modalities are urgently needed to overcome drug resistance and decrease bone resorption. IGF1 is a crucial factor for tumor cell growth and survival of malignant cells, especially in MM. IGFI also contributes to development of drug resistance of MM cells to anti-MM agents, including proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, but how OCLs contribute to drug resistance is still not clearly delineated. We found that IGF1 was highly expressed in OCLs attached to bone and bone marrow myeloid cells in vivo, and the expression levels of IGF1 in OCLs from MM bearing mice is higher than in normal OCLs. Intriguingly, OCLs produced more IGF1 (0.8 ng/ml/protein) than MM cells (not detected) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) (0.4 ng/ml/protein) in vitro. In addition, IGF1 protein expression in OCLs was upregulated (1.8 fold) by treatment with conditioned media (CM) from 5TGM1 murine MM cells, TNF-α or IL-6, major paracrine factors that are increased in the bone marrow microenvironment in MM. These results suggest that OCLs are a major source of local IGF1 in the MM bone marrow microenvironment. To further characterize the role of OCL-derived IGF1, we generated a novel mouse with targeted deletion of Igf1 in OCLs (IGF1-/--OCL), and assessed the role of OCL-derived IGF1 in drug resistance of MM cells and bone destruction. Treatment of 5TGM1 cells with bortezomib (BTZ) (3 nM, 48 hours) decreased the viability of 5TGM1 cells by 50%. Importantly, the cytotoxic effects of BTZ on MM cells were decreased (by 5%) when MM cells were cocultured with OCLs from wild type (WT) mice. In contrast, coculture of MM cells with IGF1-/--OCLs or WT-OCLs treated with IGF1 neutralizing antibody (IGF1-ab) did not block BTZ's effects on MM cell death. Consistent with these results, coculture of MM cells with IGF1-/--OCLs or WT-OCLs treated with IGF1-ab resulted in BTZ-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in MM cells. We next examined the effects of OCLs on the signaling pathways responsible for MM cell survival. WT-OCL-CM promptly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and activation of p38, ERK and NF-κB in MM cells. However, these pathways were not activated by MM cells treated with IGF1-/--OCL-CM or IGF1-ab-treated WT-OCL-CM. Since adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs via interaction of VLA-4 and VCAM-1 plays a critical role in cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAMDR) in MM, we tested if treatment of human BMSCs with human OCL-CM upregulated VCAM-1 expression. We found that OCL-CM upregulated VCAM-1 expression on BMSCs (x fold). In contrast, treatment of BMSCs with OCLs treated with IGF1-ab blocked VCAM-1 induction. These data suggest that OCL-derived IGF1 can contribute to MM cell drug resistance in the bone marrow microenvironment. We then examined the role of IGF1 inhibition on osteoclastogenesis and the bone resorption capacity of OCLs. RANK ligand induced the expression of cathepsin K and NFATc1 in CD11b+ bone marrow cells from WT mice, differentiation markers of OCLs, and the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated OCLs. However, OCLs formed by RANK ligand treatment of CD11b+ bone marrow cells from IGF1-/- mice had markedly decreased cathepsin K and NFATc1 expression and OCL formation. Next, we tested the bone resorption capacity of OCLs formed by CD11b+ bone marrow cells from IGF1-/- mice vs. WT mice. Similar numbers of OCLs were cultured with RANK ligand on bone slices for 72 hours. The bone resorption activity of Igf1-/--OCLs was significantly decreased (70%) compared with WT-OCLs. These results suggest that OCL-derived IGF1 plays a critical role in MM drug resistance and bone destruction, and that inhibition of the effect of IGF1 in OCLs should decrease MM drug resistance and bone destruction. Disclosures Roodman: Amgen trial of Denosumab versus Zoledronate: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

The role of bone marrow cells for JCV pathogenicity

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Focosi ◽  
Fabrizio Maggi ◽  
Elisabetta Andreoli ◽  
Letizia Lanini ◽  
Luca Ceccherini-Nelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals The Role of Bone Marrow Cells in the Phenotypic Changes Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0137245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Qingli Cheng ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Jiahui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Marrow Cells

Overlapping but Distinct Role of p21WAF1/CDKN1 and Survivin in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Proliferation.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1334-1334
Author(s):  
Seiji Fukuda ◽  
Mariko Abe ◽  
Seiji Yamaguchi ◽  
Louis M. Pelus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family that has been implicated in cell cycle control, anti-apoptosis and cell division. Our previous studies and others have shown that Survivin and the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CDKN1 (p21) are functionally associated and are involved in cell cycle, anti-apoptosis and cytokinesis in cancer cells and in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). P21 is highly expressed in quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in steady state, but the proportion of quiescent HSCs in G0 phase is reduced in p21−/− mice. In contrast, p21 has been shown as positive regulator on cell cycle of normal HPC since p21 deficiency results in fewer total CFU in mouse bone marrow (BM) cells with fewer CFU in S-phase and retrovirus transduction of p21 in p21 deficient bone marrow cells restores total and cycling CFU. We have previously reported that Survivin increases the proliferation of mouse primary HPC and that this enhancing effect is on HPC proliferation is absent when p21 is functionally deleted, suggesting that p21 is required for Survivin to enhance HPC proliferation. In addition, ITD-Flt3 mutations that are normally expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and associate poor prognosis increase expression of both Survivin and p21, implicating their involvement in aberrant proliferation of HPC expressing ITD-Flt3. Herein we have characterized the functional association between p21 and Survivin in normal and transformed cell proliferation. Antagonizing wild-type Survivin in mouse BaF3 cells by retrovirus transduction of a T34A dominant negative mutant Survivin or anti-sense increased p21 expression, even though Survivin requires p21 to enhance HPC proliferation. Ectopic p21 in Survivin+/+ primary mouse bone marrow cells increased the number of immunophenotypically defined c-kit+, lin− (KL) cells, which is consistent with a positive role of p21 in HPC proliferation, however; ectopic expression of p21 failed to increase HPC proliferation in Survivin deficient primary bone marrow cells, suggesting that p21 alone is not sufficient to substitute for Survivin’s enhancing function on normal HPC proliferation. Over-expression of ITD-Flt3 enhanced growth factor independent proliferation of primary mouse marrow c-kit+, Sca-1+, lin− (KSL) cell number; however, co-expression of p21 with ITD-Flt3 dramatically decreased the number of growth factor independent KSL cells (80±6% reduction: P<0.01). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of p21 on KLS proliferation was further enhanced by Survivin knockout bone marrow cells (64±5% reduction compared with presence of Survivin: P<0.05). These findings indicate that Survivin and p21 have a overlapping but distinct roles in regulating normal HPC proliferation and that manipulating p21 and Survivin may represent a potential therapeutic target for acute leukemia cells expressing ITD-Flt3.

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