الجار الأصلي و مجروره في موضع النائب عن الفاعل : بين تعدد الآراء و تضارب القاعدة النحوية مع المعنى = Preposition Phrase in the Position of Subject of Predicate : Diversity of Opinions and Conflict of Syntactic Rule with Meaning

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
محمد عطا أبو فنون
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Rule

Why is this happened? Passive morphology and unaccusativity

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Balcom
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
English Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs

Zobl discussed inappropriate passive morphology (‘be’ and the past participle) in the English writing of L2 learners, linking its occurrence to the class of unaccusative verbs and proposing that learners subsume unaccusatives under the syntactic rule for passive formation. The research reported here supports and amplifies Zobl' proposal, based on a grammaticality judgement task and a controlled production task containing verbs from a variety of subclasses of unaccusatives. The tasks were administered to Chinese L1 learners of English and a control group of English native speakers. Results show that subjects both used and judged as grammatical inappropriate passive morphology with all verbs falling under the rubric of unaccusativity. The article concludes with linguistic representations which maintain Zobl’s insights but are consistent with current theories of argument structure.

The ‘feel like’ construction in Russian and its kin: Implications for the structure of the lexicon

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA SMIRNOVA
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
Semantic Variation ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Corpus

Russian has a family of reflexive constructions that have non-canonical syntax and express a variety of meanings that range from disposition (‘I feel like working’) to ability (‘I cannot work here’) and generic assessment of quality (‘I work well here’). Previous analyses assume that these constructions are derived by a regular syntactic rule and postulate a null modal in the structure to account for their semantics (Benedicto 1995, Franks 1995, Rivero & Arregui 2012). Focusing on the ‘feel like’ construction, I show that derivational analyses have difficulty explaining its idiosyncratic properties, including non-canonical agreement (independent of the structural subject), as well as the interpretation of aspect. Moreover, derivational analyses overgeneralize, since only a subset of predicates occur in the ‘feel like’ construction in Russian, as the data from the Russian National Corpus indicate. In order to account for their idiosyncratic properties and semi-productivity, I propose that the ‘feel like’ construction and its kin are stored in the lexicon as constructions (Goldberg 1995; Jackendoff 1997, 2008). The proposed analysis clarifies the status of reflexive constructions in Russian and establishes the scope of cross-linguistic semantic variation by comparing reflexives in Russian to that in other Slavic languages.

Stoic syntax and semantics

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Egli
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Definite Clause Grammar ◽  
Explicit Statement ◽  
Structural Ambiguity

Summary The Stoic theory of loquia (lekta) contained a fairly explicit statement of formation rules. It is argued that one type of rule was called syntaxis (combination or phrase structure rule) by Chrysippus (e.g., “a subject in the nominative case and a complete predicate form a statement”). Two other types of rule were assignments of words to lexical categories (“Dion is a Noun Phrase”) and subsumption rules (“Every elementary statement is a statement”), often formulated in the form of subdivisions of concepts. A fourth type of rule seems to have been the class of transformations (enklisis, e.g., “A statement transformed by the preterite transformation is a statement”). Every syntactic rule was accompanied by a semantic interpretation according to a version of the compositionality principle familiar in modern times since Frege and elaborated by Montague and his followers. Though the concrete example of a syntax was a fairly elaborate version of some sort of Montague type or definite clause grammar, there was no effort to introduce a theory of grammar in the style of Chomsky. But the texts show awareness of the problem of the infinity of structure generated and of the concept of structural ambiguity. The Stoic system has been transformed into the formulation of the Word and Paradigm Grammar of the technical grammarians – “transformation” (enklisis) was the historical antecedent of paragôgê, declinatio, “inflection”, etc. Some formulations have survived into modern times, e.g., the notion of government, for which Stoic type formulations like “a deficient predicate can be combined with a subject in the accusative case to form a complete predicate” are a historical antecedent.

Réduction de Complétive à un Nom et Article Défini Générique

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
Mehryar Mohri
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Form ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
Real Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definite Articles

The description of the conditions under which generic definite articles appear in the sentences of French is a real issue. We present here a simple syntactic rule, based on the theory of support verbs (Z. Harris 1968, M. Gross 1975), which accounts for the appearance of these articles in a particular set of sentences. In these sentences, the generic article is followed by a noun which can be associated with a support verb, and be replaced by a sentential complement of the type que S (that S). We first briefly describe a transformation which relates this sentential complement to its reduced form of simple noun. We then indicate a rule which consists in erasing the preposition de while applying this transformation. Various examples of sentences are shown in order to illustrate the wide range of application of the proposed rule. We also extend this rule to the case of sentences in which a generic definite article precedes a noun non linked with a support verb, and discuss the additional conditions required.

scholarly journals Sequence of optional tense

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Bochnak
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Attitude ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Sequence Of Tense

In English, sentences containing a past tense in the complement clause of a past-marked propositional attitude predicate (e.g, John said Mary was sick) are ambiguous between a simultaneous and a back-shifted reading, in a phenomenon known as Sequence of Tense. In languages like Japanese, only a shifted reading is available for such past-under-past sentences. Two families of theories have been proposed in the literature to account for this variation: structural and pragmatic. Structural accounts rely on a syntactic rule or licensing condition to derive simultaneous readings of embedded clauses. Pragmatic accounts rely on competition between past and present tense in embedded clauses to derive the readings. In this paper, I provide new data from Washo, an optional tense language, to weigh in on these theories. In Washo, both tensed and (past-oriented) tenseless embedded clauses can have simultaneous and back-shifted readings. I argue that structural approaches can account for the Washo generalizations fairly straightforwardly, while pragmatic approaches encounter difficulties. The result is that the distribution of simultaneous readings cross-linguistically is more fruitfully viewed as a syntactic phenomenon rather than a pragmatic one.

scholarly journals ADJECTIVE SEQUENCING IN GA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Yvonne Akwele Amankwaa Ollennu
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Head Noun ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Nominal Phrase ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The use of multiple words to describe nouns is a common phenomenon in language and languages that have adjectives employ this word class.Ga, a Kwa language of the Niger Congo, branch is no exception, whereas languages without adjectives may use other lexical categories like nouns and verbs which play the adjectival role. Ga has adjectives and employs them as attributives for nouns. The paper examines the syntactic rule governing the occurence of several adjectives serving as attibtutes of a single head noun. In this paper the noun is considered as the head of the Ga Nominal Phrase. The order of these adjectives has not received scholarly attention in Ga and this is to fill that gap in the literature. I argued that the order of adjectives is not haphazardly arranged but follows a laid down syntactc prescription. For instance the data showed that Dimension adjectives normall occur in first position, whereas colour adjectives occur further from the head noun. It was also revealed that in the ordering of adjectives in which Value adjectives is included, the Age adjective occurs in last position and Value adjective occurs first or last when included in the ordering of adjectives for a noun. Consequently, it is opined that defying the arrangement in the ordering of the adjectives resulted in unacceptable forms.The adjectives are grouped according to  Dixon semantic classes. Data is gathered from native speakers of Ga. The findings contribute to the existing literature on adjective sequencing in Ghanaian languages.

scholarly journals Frequency Effects on Syntactic Rule Learning in Transformers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Wei ◽  
Dan Garrette ◽  
Tal Linzen ◽  
Ellie Pavlick
Keyword(s):  
Rule Learning ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Syntactic Rule

A defence of the focus hypothesis concerning Late Medieval Greek object clitic pronouns

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
Jorie Soltic
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Syntactic Rule ◽  
Light Verbs ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
Direct Objects ◽  
Almost All

In this article, I strengthen the contested view that the distribution of Late Medieval Greek object clitic pronouns is not only regulated by a syntactic rule but also by a pragmatic principle, i.e. that fronted focalised information attracts object clitic pronouns into preverbal position. For this purpose, I appeal to the modern concept of “light verbs”, as the direct objects of these semantically weak, unspecific verbs can be assumed to constitute focalised information. By means of a case study of the fourteenth century Chronicle of Morea, I demonstrate that almost all the fronted direct objects of the light verbs ποιώ (‘to do’) and δίδω (‘to give’) are indeed associated with preverbal object clitic pronouns. As such, the so-called “focus-hypothesis” can be verified in an objective way.

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