Contribution à l’Analyse Spatiale de la Continentalité au Début des Saisons en Arabie Saoudite par l’Usage de SIG = Contribution to the Spatial Analysis of Continentality to Top Seasons in Saudi Arabia by the Use of GIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Jehad Kerbe ◽  
Basma Salama Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Arabie Saoudite

scholarly journals L’essor de l’industrie pétrochimique en Arabie Saoudite

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-598
Author(s):  
H. G. Hambleton
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
World Production ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Growth Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Arabie Saoudite

ABSTRACT Eight giant petrochemical joint ventures will come on stream in Saudi Arabia between 1983 and 1985, reaching full capacity by 1987. While the equity for these complexes will be at least $12 billion, they will benefit from very cheap feedstock making them highly competitive. With the foreign partners in the ventures marketing much of the output abroad and with a growing domestic demand, there should be little difficulty with sales. In any event Saudi Arabia can link the sale of petrochemicals with the availability of crude oil. A re-structuring of the world production of petrochemicals is virtually inevitable, with Saudi Arabia and other countries with cheap feedstock producing bulk petrochemicals while the more industrialized countries concentrate on specialty petrochemicals with a greater value-added. Quebec, with petrochemicals a growth sector, is well placed to take advantage of these changes. Saudi Arabia, which normally runs a substantial trade surpluses with Quebec—some $360 million in 1981—might well opt to invest part of theses surpluses in a petrochemical industry in Quebec.

scholarly journals Co-infections of MERS-CoV with other respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
K. Al-Quthami ◽  
W.S. Al-Waneen ◽  
B.O. Al Johnyi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Arabie Saoudite

Background: The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by a member of the coronaviruses called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The co-infections of MERS-CoV with other respiratory viruses have been documented in rare cases in the scientific literature. This study was carried out to determine whether confection of MERS-CoV occurs with other respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia.Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs samples of 57 MERS-CoV positive outpatients were collected using flocked swabs. Nucleic acid was extracted from each sample using commercial NucliSens easyMAG system. Amplification was performed by multiplex RT-PCR using Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogen 33. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 19 and comparison of variables was done with Fisher Exact test, with p value <0.05 considered significant.Results: Six of the total 57 MERS-COV patients (35 males, 22 females) were positive for co-infection of MERS CoV with other respiratory viruses, giving a prevalence rate of 10.5%, with 14.5% (5/35) in males and 4.5% (1/22) in females (OR=3.500, 95% CI=0.3806-32.188, p=0.3889). The prevalence of co-infections was significantly higher among non-Saudis (23.8%, 5/21) than Saudis (2.8%, 1/36) (OR=0.09143, 95% CI=0.009855-0.8485, p=0.0217), and among the age group 18-34 years (25%, 3/12) than other age groups (X2=3.649, p=0.1613). Human rhinovirus (HRV) was found in 2 of the 6 (33.3%) patients with co-infection while the other viruses were found in each of the remaining 4 patients.Conclusion: Our study confirms that MERS-CoV co-infects with other respiratory viruses in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: MERS-CoV; URTI; Co-infection; Coronavirus   French title: Co-infections de MERS-CoV avec d'autres virus respiratoires en Arabie saoudite Contexte: Le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS) est une maladie respiratoire virale causée par un membre des coronavirus appelé coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV). Les co-infections de MERS-CoV avec d'autres virus respiratoires ont été documentées dans de rares cas dans la littérature scientifique. Cette étude a été réalisée pour déterminer si la confection du MERS-CoV se produit avec d'autres virus respiratoires en Arabie saoudite. Méthodes: Des écouvillons nasopharyngés de 57 patients ambulatoires positifs au MERS-CoV ont été prélevés à l'aide d'écouvillons floqués. L'acide nucléique a été extrait de chaque échantillon en utilisant le système NucliSens easyMAG commercial. L'amplification a été réalisée par RT-PCR multiplex en utilisant Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogen 33. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel SPSS version 19 et la comparaison des variables a été effectuée avec le test Fisher Exact, avec une valeur p<0,05 considérée comme significative. Résultats: Six des 57 patients MERS-COV (35 hommes, 22 femmes) étaient positifs pour la co-infection de MERS CoV avec d'autres virus respiratoires, donnant un taux de prévalence de 10,5%, avec 14,5% (5/35) chez les hommes et 4,5% (1/22) chez les femelles (OR 3.500, 95% CI 0.3806-32.188, p=0.3889). La prévalence des co-infections était plus élevée chez les non-saoudiens (23.8%, 5/21) que chez les saoudiens (2.8%, 1/36) (OR=0.09143, 95% CI=0.009855-0.8485, p=0.0217) et parmi le groupe d'âge de 18 à 34 ans (25%, 3/12) que dans les autres groupes d'âge (X2=3.649, p=0.1613). Le rhinovirus humain (VRC) a été trouvé chez 2 des 6 (33,3%) patients co-infectés tandis que les autres virus ont été trouvés chez chacun des 4 patients restants. Conclusion: Notre étude confirme que le MERS-CoV co-infecte avec d'autres virus respiratoires en Arabie Saoudite. Mots-clés: MERS-CoV; URTI; Co-infection; Coronavirus

Unveiling Saudi Feminism(s): Historicization, Heterogeneity, and Corporeality in Women’s Movements

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlyna Lim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Feminist Movements ◽  
Conditions Sociales ◽  
Arabie Saoudite

Background Current Western discourses on women’s movements in Saudi Arabia proffer an understanding that is adverse to history and sidelines the region’s local knowledges, replacing such knowledges with a techno-utopian assumption that technology would produce better social or political conditions, and exhibit a pattern of disembodiment.Analysis  This article endeavours to disturb ahistorical, monolithic, and disembodied accounts of Saudi women’s movements through three interventions: the historicization of the Saudi women’s activism and feminist movements; the recognition of the heterogeneity of Saudi women’s movements; and finally, the acknowledgement of the corporeality of Saudi women’s resistance.Conclusion and implications These interventions facilitate a better, more nuanced, and more contextual understanding of revolutionary and feminist practices, not only in Saudi Arabia, but also elsewhere in the world.Contexte  Les discours occidentaux actuels dépeignent les mouvements féministes en Arabie saoudite d’une manière qui est contraire à l’histoire et qui marginalise les savoirs locaux de la région. Ces discours occidentaux remplacent les savoirs locaux par une approche techno-utopique selon laquelle la technologie réaliserait de meilleures conditions sociales ou politiques. Ces discours manifestent en outre une tendance vers la désincarnation.Analyse  Cet article met en question les comptes rendus ahistoriques, monolithiques et désincarnés sur les mouvements féministes saoudiens en soulignant : l’historicisation du militantisme des femmes saoudiennes et des mouvements féministes dans le pays; la reconnaissance de l’hétérogénéité des mouvements féministes saoudiens; et finalement la corporalité de la résistance par les femmes saoudiennes.Conclusion et implications  Ces mises au point permettent une meilleure compréhension, mieux contextualisée et plus nuancée, de pratiques révolutionnaires et féministes, non seulement en Arabie saoudite mais aussi ailleurs dans le monde.

Evaluation of spatial interpolation methods for estimating rainfall in GIS "Applied study on Madinah region in Saudi Arabia" | تقييم طرق الاشتقاق المكاني لتقدير كمية الأمطار في نظم المعلومات الجغرافية "دراسة تطبيقية على منطقة المدينة المنورة في المملكة العربية السعودية"

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Spatial Interpolation ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Methods

The study of the spatial Interpolation of rain is an important aspect of climatic and hydrological studies, especially as it relates to projects related to the development of the country. Perhaps one of the most important problems related to rain studies within the climate studies is the inability of meteorological stations to cover large areas in Saudi Arabia enough, including the Medina. The ArcGIS program allows for mapping rain-equality by interpolation of areas not covered by rain. The interpolation process involves several different application methods that vary in accuracy depending on the variance of the input data and the arithmetic methods of each model. Significant for the actual Interpolation of rainfall. This study was based on the inductive approach to achieve the objectives of the study, which seeks to evaluate three methods of spatial Interpolation methods within ArcGIS: IDW, Kriging and Spline for rain studies through several interrelated applications. To estimate the general error of the derived values, the researcher used RMSEZ (Root-mean-square standardized errors RMSSE) and then calculated the validity of the Interpolation at 95 % confidence level. The study found that the method of IDW was the best of the three methods in the of spatial Interpolation of rainfall. The overall error value of the RMSE index was (13.2) mm while the mean value of the Interpolation was (25.9) mm, meaning that the Interpolation value would be correct for the actual data within the range of (25.9) mm and (25.9) mm. Geographical Information Systems - spatial Interpolation - Spatial Analysis - Root-mean-square standardized errors RMSSE. Keywords: Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Derivation, Spatial Analysis, Square Root of Average Square Prediction Errors -------------------------------------------------------------------- تعد دراسة التوزيع المكاني للأمطار أحد الجوانب المهمة في الدراسات المناخية والمائية, خاصة مع ارتباطها بالمشاريع التي ترتبط بالتنمية في البلاد. ولعل من أهم المشاكل التي تتعلق بالدراسات المطرية ضمن الدراسات المناخية عدم قدرة محطات الأرصاد الجوية على تغطية مساحات كبيرة في المملكة العربية السعودية بشكل كافٍ بما فيها منطقة المدينة المنورة. ويتيح برنامج ArcGIS رسم خرائط تساوي الأمطار من خلال عمل استيفاء - اشتقاق Interpolationللمناطق غير المغطاة بقيم مطرية، وتشتمل عملية الاشتقاق Interpolation على عدد من الطرق التطبيقية المختلفة التي تتباين من حيث دقتها, تبعا لتباين البيانات المدخلة وطرق التقدير الحسابية لكل نموذج؛ إذ قد تعطي هذه الاشتقاقات اختلافات كبيرة عن التوزيع الفعلي للأمطار. واعتمدت هذه الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة التي تسعى إلى تقييم ثلاث طرق من طرق الاشتقاق المكاني داخل برنامج ArcGIS وهي: IDW وKriging وSpline وتحديد أكثرها صحة للدراسات المطرية من خلال عدد من التطبيقات المترابطة فيما بينها. ولتقدير الخطأ العام للقيم المشتقة استخدمت الباحثة مؤشر RMSEZ (الجذر التربيعي لمتوسط أخطاء التنبؤ المربعة) ومن ثم حساب صحة الاشتقاق عند مستوى ثقة 95%. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن طريقة IDW كانت أفضل الطرق الثلاث في عملية الاشتقاق المكاني لكمية الأمطار؛ إذ بلغت قيمة الخطأ العام لمؤشر RMSE (13.2) ملم, في حين بلغت قيمة صحة الاشتقاق (25.9) ملم؛ أي أن قيمة الاشتقاق ستكون صحيحة بالنسبة للبيانات الفعلية ضمن مدى يتراوح بين (+25.9ملم) و(-25.9ملم). الكلمات المفتاحية: نظم المعلومات الجغرافية – الاشتقاق المكاني – التحليلات المكانية – الجذر التربيعي لمتوسط أخطاء التنبؤ المربعة.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Rainfall in Southwest of Saudi Arabia using GIS

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saud Taher ◽  
Abdulmohsin Alshaikh
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mountain Slope ◽  
Trend Surface ◽  
Moisture Source

A Geographic Information System was used to study the characteristics and distribution of precipitation in southwest of Saudi Arabia based on a number of influencing factors including elevation, mountain slope and orientation, distance from moisture source and equator, wind direction, and geographic location. Results indicate that elevation explains about 25% of variability in precipitation in most of the seasons. Other factors such as aspect, slope, distance from moisture source have different effects but less than the effect of elevation. Finally a polynomial trend surface has been generated to correlate geographic location with precipitation and has shown a coefficient of determination of 70%.

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