Prevalence of CTX M Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Clinical Gram-Negative Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

scholarly journals CO-PRODUCTION OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES AND METALLO BETA-LACTAMASES AMONG MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATES COLLECTED FROM TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Olumuyiwa Alabi ◽  
Abiola Obisesan ◽  
Mary Taiwo ◽  
Rhoda Adewuyi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo beta-lactamases (MBLs) are compromising the chemotherapeutic use of cephalosporins and carbapenems respectively. This study investigated the burden of ESBLs and MBLs co-production among multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria collected from two tertiary hospitals in Oyo State. A total of 240 non-duplicated clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were collected from the Microbiology units of two tertiary hospitals in Oyo State and their identities authenticated using standard identification techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc-diffusion method and isolates exhibiting resistance to ≥3 classes of antibiotics selected as MDR strains. ESBL and MBL production was detected by double-disc synergy test (DDST) and combined-disc-diffusion test (CDDT) respectively. Selected beta-lactamase genes were detected by PCR, amplicons sent out for sequencing and phylogenetic tree of the sequences constructed using Mega X software. MDR was exhibited by 43.8% of the isolates. ESBLs and MBLs were produced by 32.4% and 7.6% of the MDR isolates respectively. Co-production of ESBL and MBL was observed in 6.7% of the MDR isolates. BlaCTX-M-15 (67.7%), blaTEM-1 (55.9%), blaSHV-1 (47.1%), co-existing blaTEM + blaSHV, blaTEM + blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M + blaSHV (each in 5.9%) and blaCTX-M +blaTEM + blaSHV (26.5%) were detected among the ESBL-producers. MBL genes were not detected among the MBL-producers. Only blaTEM-1 sequences showed two different claudes on the phylogenetic tree. The occurrence of MDR isolates co-harbouring different classes of beta-lactamse genes observed in this study is of public health concern and hence, requires stricter control of antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producers among Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical and Environmental Sources in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Makurdi, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Florence Bose Omoregbe ◽  
Obasola Ezekiel Fagade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) enzymes are produced by many Gram-negative bacteria to nearly all antibiotics. Clinical bacteria isolates were obtained from various clinical samples from the two healthcare facilities. Sewer wastewater and sediments were also collected from both hospitals using standard sampling techniques and bacteria isolated using pour plate technique. Multiple drug resistant patterns were determined using disc diffusion technique. Antibiotics sensitivity of the isolates was verified using disc diffusion method. Detection of ESBL producing bacteria was done using double disc synergy test. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. Clinical bacteria (403) were obtained, out of which 299 were confirmed Gram-negative, 218 from Federal Medical Centre (FMC) and 81 from Benue State Teaching Hospital (BSUTH). Thirty-nine Gram-negative bacteria were also isolated from the environmental samples. The ESBL producers in clinical isolates were 69 (FMC) and 42 (BSUTH) while in environmental isolates they were eight and four respectively. Out of a total of 338 environmental and clinical isolates from the two hospitals, 216 shown resistance/intermediate resistance to Ceftazidime. Of these 216, 123(36.39%) were positive for ESBLs production.- space From FMC, ESBLs producing bacteria are highly sensitive to imipenem with sensitivity frequency of 62 while they were highly resistant to ceftazidime with a frequency of 52. Age groups 0-5 had the highest percentage distribution of 21.43% and 10.14% from BSUTH and FMC respectively. ESBLs producing bacteria showed multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes in Enterobacteriaceae from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babafela Awosile ◽  
Michael Agbaje ◽  
Oluwawemimo Adebowale ◽  
Olugbenga Kehinde ◽  
Ezekiel Omoshaba
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

This review was carried out to identify different beta-lactamase resistance genes reported in published literature from Nigeria and to determine the proportion estimates of the important beta-lactamase resistance genes in Nigeria. Sixty-three (63) articles were included in this review based on the eligibility criteria. All the beta-lactamases reported were detected from the Gram-negative bacteria, most especially from Enterobacteriaceae (n=53). Thirty-six different beta-lactamase genes have been reported from Nigeria. These genes belong to the narrow-spectrum, AmpC, extended-spectrum, and carbapenemase beta-lactamase resistance genes. Eight (8) genes (blaDHA, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-14, blaGES-1, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-2, and blaTEM-1) were shared between animals and humans, 5 genes (blaSHV-1, blaSHV-2, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-12, and blaNDM-1) were common to both humans and environment while none of the genes was unique to both animals and environment. Four genes including blaCMY, blaTEM-1, blaAmpC, and internationally pandemic blaCTXM-15 gene were unique to animals, humans, and the environment. No carbapenemase gene was reported from animals yet. The pooled proportion estimate of ESBL genes in Nigeria was 31% (95% CI: 26-36%, P<0.0001), while the estimate of blaCTXM-15 gene in Nigeria was 46% (95% CI: 36-57%, P<0.0001). The proportion estimate of AmpC genes was 32% (95% CI: 11-52%, P<0.001), while the estimate for carbapenemases was 8% (95% CI: 5-12%, P<0.001). This study has provided information on the beta-lactamases distribution in Nigeria. This is necessary for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases especially the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Study of the Comparative Activity of Piperacillin/Tazobactam with Currently Available Antibiotics against 8206 Aerobic Isolates

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Forward ◽  
Donald E Low ◽  
Michel Laverdiere ◽  
Robert Rennie ◽  
Andrew E Simor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Diffusion Testing ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

OBJECTIVES: To compare the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam with piperacillin and other parenterally administered antibiotics against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci isolated from across Canada, and to determine the prevalence of resistance mediated by extended-spectrum cephalosporinases.METHODS: Sixty-one laboratories participated. Disk diffusion testing was performed in accordance with methods outlined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Susceptibilities were performed on 8206 strains.Escherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaewith reduced susceptibilities to third-generation cephalosporins were screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).RESULTS: Piperacillin-tazobactam was active against 92% of the strains, piperacillin against 81% and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid against 88%. Few differences were observed in the relative susceptibility of strains from teaching or community hospitals, from different anatomic sites or from different regions of the country. Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli tested tended to be more susceptible to all the agents than was recently reported in a similar American study. Only 43% ofEnterococcus faeciumwere susceptible to ampicillin and 42% to piperacillin piperacillin with and without tazobactam. Only two enterococcal strains were resistant to vancomycin, and 19 had intermediate zone sizes. Of the 10 strains ofE coliand eight strains ofK pneumoniaewith reduced susceptibility to extended spectrum cephalosporins, only one demonstrated typical ESBL activity.CONCLUSIONS: Canadian aerobic Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli remain highly susceptible to many currently available antibiotics. The findings confirm a broad spectrum of activity of piperacillin-tazobactam and indicate that the pattern of susceptibility is quite uniform from different body sites, in both teaching and community hospitals, and across the country.

scholarly journals Cedecea lapagei An Extremely Rare Uropathogen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed ◽  
Hussein Ali Mohamud
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Gram-negative enterobacteria are the most common cause of urinary tract infections. Cedecea is a new separate genus in the family enterobacteriaceae, and it is a very rare pathogen that was primarily found in the respiratory tract. Cedecea lapagei is a very rare pathogen of urinary tract infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the world reported in English literature. Case presentation: A 55 years old man with chronic renal failure, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and hypertension presented with acute exacerbations of renal failure and irritative voiding symptoms. After stabilization and empirical antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone, the patient’s condition was not improved and deteriorated progressively. After the request of urine culture, the culture was isolated, an extremely rare uropathogen recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); the Cedecea lapagei. Cedecea lapagei identification had been done using Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). Gram-negative lipase positive bacteria with bacillus in shape, motile in nature that is non-spore-forming, and non-encapsulated enterobacteria with the final result of >100,000 colony-forming units per ml of Cedecea lapagei were isolated. Mueller-Hinton agar had been used to perform antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. The pathogen was extensively resistant to the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases antibiotics and extended-spectrum beta-lactam inhibitors while carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed a higher sensitivity rate. Conclusion: The treatment of Cedecea lapagei infections represents a challenging issue due to its multi-drug resistant and extensive drug resistance patterns to a variety of antimicrobial classes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, cephalosporins, and beta-lactam inhibitors. Antimicrobial treatment should be aligned with the culture findings once available.

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