scholarly journals What’s Eating You? Human Flea (Pulex irritans)

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan O’Donnell ◽  
Dirk M. Elston
Keyword(s):  
Pulex Irritans

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF RICKETTSIA IN THE TISSUES OF INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS

1923 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Cowdry
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Pulex Irritans ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Occasional Occurrence ◽  
Definition Of

In the absence of a satisfactory definition of Rickettsia the observations herein recorded were arbitrarily limited to bacterium-like organisms which are intracellular and Gram-negative. Rickettsia of this type were found in the following species: Amblyomma americana, Amblyomma hebræum, Boophilus decoloratus, Atomus sp., Casinaria infesta, Chrysopa oculata, Ctenocephalus canis, Dermacentor variabilis, Lepisma saccharina, Lucoppia curviseta, Margaropus annulatus, Margaropus annulatus australis, Ornithodoros turicata, Pulex irritans, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, and Salticus scenicus. Since intracellular, Gram-negative Rickettsia have been recorded in the literature as existing in Cimex lectularius, Dermacentor venustus, Melophagus ovinus, and Pediculus humanus, the occasional occurrence of such bodies must be conceded in the following groups not closely related phylogenetically: Attidæ, Trombidiidæ, Argasidæ, lxodidæ, Cinura, Acanthiidæ, Pediculidæ, Hippoboscidæ, Chrysopidæ, Pulicidæ, and Ichneumonidæ. The species which harbor Rickettsia differ widely in diet and habitat. One such species is insectivorous throughout life, two are insectivorous in larval stages, becoming vegetarian in the adult condition, one is chiefly vegetarian but partakes of some animal products, and two are usually entirely vegetarian; while the remainder subsist wholly upon a diet of mammalian blood. Rickettsia are associated, in only a few cases, with diseases in mammals. The evidence at hand does not lead beyond the conclusion that the Rickettsia mentioned above are true Gram-negative microorganisms, easily distinguishable from mitochondria and all other cytoplasmic and nuclear granulations, rather completely adapted to an intracellular existence, exhibiting in some cases a remarkable degree of host specificity, and often inherited through the eggs.

scholarly journals Ticks and fleas in crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) of Pernambuco state, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Edna Michelly de Sá Santos ◽  
Ricardo César De Souza Carneiro da Cunha ◽  
Márcia Paula Oliveira Farias ◽  
Cristina Farias da Fonseca ◽  
Jaqueline Bianque de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Amblyomma Ovale ◽  
Pulex Irritans ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous

Objetivou-se identificar as espécies de pulgas e carrapatos de Cerdocyon thous provenientes do estado Pernambuco. Foram examinados 20 animais, estando 30% (6/20) ectoparasitados. Foram coletadas 16 pulgas e 17 carrapatos em cachorros-do-mato de vida livre e de cativeiro no estado de Pernambuco. As pulgas foram identificadas como: Pulex irritans e Ctenocephalides felis; e os carrapatos foram: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato e Amblyomma ovale. A presença de ectoparasitos de animais domésticos parasitando C. thous, sugere a aproximação de indivíduos desta espécie ao peridomicílio. Além disso, este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de A. ovale em C. thous no nordeste brasileiro.

scholarly journals Parásitos gastrointestinales y ectoparásitos de ungulados silvestres en condiciones de vida libre y cautiverio en el trópico mexicano

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mukul-Yerves ◽  
María Rosario Zapata-Escobedo ◽  
Rubén Cornelio Montes-Pérez ◽  
Roger Iván Rodríguez-Vivas ◽  
Juan Felipe Torres-Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Pulex Irritans ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Mazama Americana

Se identificaron los parásitos gastrointestinales y ectoparásitos presentes en venados cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus), pecarí de collar (Pecari tajacu) y venado temazate (Mazama americana) en condiciones de vida libre y cautiverio en el trópico mexicano. Se obtuvieron muestras fecales y ectoparásitos de 12 ungulados de vida libre que se cazaron para fines de subsistencia y de 55 ungulados en condiciones de cautiverio. Las muestras de excremento se analizaron mediante las pruebas de Flotación Centrifugada y McMaster para conocer los géneros y órdenes de parásitos que afectan a los ungulados; así como la excreción de huevos y ooquistes por gramo de excremento. Los ectoparásitos encontrados se identificaron taxonómicamente. Las muestras positivas a nematodos del orden Strongylida y protozoos del orden Eucoccidiorida se cultivaron para su identificación taxonómica a nivel de géneros. En venados cola blanca y temazate en cautiverio se identificaron los géneros Strongyloides, Trichuris, Capillaria, Mammomonogamus y Eimeria; mientras que en los pecaríes de collar los géneros Oesophagostomun, Eimeria e Isospora. En los tres ungulados de vida libre se identificó el género Strongyloides. Sólo se encontraron ectoparásitos en ungulados de vida libre, identificándose la pulga Pulex irritans y el piojo Gliricola porcelli en venados temazate y pecaríes de collar, mientras que la mosca Lipoptena sp se colectó en los venados cola blanca. La garrapata Amblyomma cajennese se encontró parasitando a las tres especies de ungulados estudiados. Se concluye que los ungulados silvestres del presente estudio estuvieron parasitados con nematodos gastrointestinales, protozoos del orden Eucoccidiorida, pulgas,piojos, moscas y garrapatas.

scholarly journals Human ectoparasites and the spread of plague in Europe during the Second Pandemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine R. Dean ◽  
Fabienne Krauer ◽  
Lars Walløe ◽  
Ole Christian Lingjærde ◽  
Barbara Bramanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
Pulex Irritans ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Multiple Transmission ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Body Lice

Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, can spread through human populations by multiple transmission pathways. Today, most human plague cases are bubonic, caused by spillover of infected fleas from rodent epizootics, or pneumonic, caused by inhalation of infectious droplets. However, little is known about the historical spread of plague in Europe during the Second Pandemic (14–19th centuries), including the Black Death, which led to high mortality and recurrent epidemics for hundreds of years. Several studies have suggested that human ectoparasite vectors, such as human fleas (Pulex irritans) or body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), caused the rapidly spreading epidemics. Here, we describe a compartmental model for plague transmission by a human ectoparasite vector. Using Bayesian inference, we found that this model fits mortality curves from nine outbreaks in Europe better than models for pneumonic or rodent transmission. Our results support that human ectoparasites were primary vectors for plague during the Second Pandemic, including the Black Death (1346–1353), ultimately challenging the assumption that plague in Europe was predominantly spread by rats.

Survey of rats and mice and their ectoparasites in relation to cultivated areas in the vicinity of Alexandria governorate, Egypt

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
I. A. Gaaboub ◽  
A. E. E. Widaatalla ◽  
N. L. Kelada
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Rodent Host ◽  
Pulex Irritans ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Definite Host ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYSix species and subspecies of rats and mice, Arvicanthis niloticus, Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus frugivorus, R. rattus alexandrinus, R. rattus rattus, and Mus musculus, were found associated with cotton, wheat, maize, sugar-cane, vegetables, fruit and berseem in the vicinity of Alexandria, Egypt. A. niloticus comprised 42·2% of all species collected. Maize, wheat, cotton and berseem were infested most. The lowest infestation was recorded in the fruit fields. Infestation in sugar-cane and vegetables was intermediate. R. norvegicus, M. musculus, R. rattus frugivorus, R. rattus alexandrinus and it. rattus rattusformed 23·9, 16·7, 10·4, 4·2 and 2·7% of the species collected respectively. Of the seven crops investigated, only two (cotton, wheat) were not infested with R. rattus rattus, but all were plagued with some species of rodents. The abundance of these rodents in fields seemed to be positively correlated with temperature and relative humidity. Winter represents a definite off-season for all species recorded.Six species of fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Ctenocephalides felis felis, Leptopsylla segnis, Pulex irritans and Echidnophaga gallinacea), three of sucking lice (Polyplax abyssinica, P. spinulosa and Hoplopleura capitosa), five of parasitic mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti, Laelaps echidnina, L. keegani, Androlaelaps zulu and Haemolaelaps sp.) and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sanguineus were recovered from the rodents. Fleas (especially X. cheopis) and lice generally showed a certain degree of host specificity. A close relationship has been shown to exist between the abundance of fleas and lice and the abundance of some rodent hosts and climate. However, no definite host specificity or relation to climate was shown by infestation with mite species. Only B. sanguineus sanguinetie was recovered from S. rattus frugivorus during July, October and December; from R. rattus alexandrinus during November; and from R. rattus rattus during September. Its rate of infestation did not exceed one specimen per rodent host.

First report of target site insensitivity to pyrethroids in human flea, Pulex irritans (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Ghavami ◽  
Fahimeh Pourrastgou Haghi ◽  
Zohreh Alibabaei ◽  
Ahmad Ali Enayati ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost
Keyword(s):  
Target Site ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pulex Irritans

Molecular survey of ITS1 spacer and Rickettsia infection in human flea, Pulex irritans

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Ghavami ◽  
Habibeh Mirzadeh ◽  
Jamshid Mohammadi ◽  
Asghar Fazaeli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Survey ◽  
Pulex Irritans
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