scholarly journals Economic sectors of strategic importance to the national security. A case of Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Lewandowski Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
State Security ◽  
Security Interest ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Liquid Propellants

The purpose of the paper is to properly define the economic sectors of strategic importance to the national security and to evaluate the state’s tools which protect this security. The paper’s methodology is based on two analyses; the former focusing on instruments which are applied by the state in order to control certain fields of the economy, and the latter investigating economic sectors in terms of concentration, impact on the state security and integration with other sectors. The paper also defines the criteria which helped to identify sectors which have strategic importance to the national security, i.e. production and supply of electric energy; extraction and supply of natural gas; extraction, distribution and storage of liquid propellants, telecommunications, banking industry; banknotes and documents’ production (together with related IT solutions) and military industry. The article leads to the conclusion that these sectors are strategically important to the national security. However, there is still a lack of coherent and complete legal regulations that would protect the national security interest related to the part of the economy represented by the analyzed sectors and companies.

scholarly journals La utilización de la bandera de España por las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad del Estado /Use of the Flag of Spain by the State Security Forces

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Javier Eiroa Escalada ◽  
Luis Toribio Castro
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
National Flag ◽  
The Military

Las banderas ya no tienen finalidad táctica, pero como símbolo de la nación, representan los valores superiores expresados en la Constitución de 1978.A diferencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, donde las banderas se mantienen como parte de las tradiciones, y aportan gran brillantez a los actos militares, en la literatura española existen pocos estudios relativos a la bandera en el ámbito de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad del Estado.Tras un breve repaso a la normativa vigente en el ámbito de la Vexilología, este trabajo aborda el procedimiento para la concesión del derecho de uso de la enseña Nacional a distintas unidades de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad de ámbito estatal, así como sus modalidades, uso y colocación en actos oficiales, honores y protocolo.Finalmente, se analizan las peculiaridades del ceremonial en el acto de entrega de la bandera, como distinción que se otorga en reconocimiento a la labor que desarrollan como garantes de las libertades públicas y de la seguridad ciudadana, considerando la distinta naturaleza -militar y civil- de ambos cuerpos de seguridad. _________________ The flags are no longer tactical, but as a symbol of the nation, they represent the higher values expressed in the Spanish Constitution of 1978.The Army has kept flags as part of the traditions, and provide great brilliance to the military acts. Instead, in Spanish literature there are few studies about the flag in the State Security Forces.After a brief review of current legislation in Vexillology, this paper deals with the procedure for bestowal of the use the National Flag to different units of the National Security Forces, as well as their modalities, use and placement in official events, honours and protocol.Finally, we analyze the peculiarities of ceremonial in the Act of delivery of the flag, as a distinction that is given in recognition of the work they perform as guarantors of citizen freedoms and public safety, considering the different nature - military and civil- of both security Forces.

“Recognize the Spies”

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kendzior
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Services ◽  
State Security

This article uses the example of Uzbekistan's national security services to consider how the psychic influence of a police state reveals itself online. What happens when the 'spectral double' of the police becomes a point of focus in a medium known for its transparency? I argue that although the Internet gives citizens the capability to organize and interact, it does not relieve their fears and suspicions; instead, it often intensifies them. Despite the 'transparency' that the Internet affords—and sometimes because of it—there are qualities bound up in the architecture of this medium that give rise to paranoia. Using examples from Uzbek online political discourse, I show how the Internet has fueled suspicion and fears about the state security services despite attempts to demystify and assuage them.

China

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Goldsmith ◽  
Tim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
National Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychology Student ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
State Security ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
Normal University ◽  
The Government

“Long live prostitutes” was the title of Wang’s posting. Fifteen years old, living in China, and full of teenage bluster, Wang had collected fifty-four reasons to think Chinese politicians worse than prostitutes. The list included:… • There is no indicator that prostitutes will disappear, but there are many indicators that the government will collapse. • Prostitutes allow others to oppose them, unlike the government which arrests opposition and “re-educates” them through labor. • Prostitutes have no power, unlike those who use their power to suppress others. • Prostitutes do not need you to love them, unlike that group which forces you to love it. • Prostitutes win customers with credibility, unlike those who maintain power with lies. • Prostitutes sell flesh, unlike those who sell soul…. Liu Di was a psychology student at Beijing Normal University who called herself the “Stainless Steel Mouse” and ran an “artist’s club” through her personal website. In 2002, in one of her many stunts, the twenty-two-year-old urged her followers to distribute Marxist literature:… Let’s conduct an experiment of behavioral art: disseminating communism on the street! We can print copies of “The Communist Manifesto.” However, we should take “Communist” out of the title. Then, like sociologists, we ask people on the street to sign their names onto the Manifesto…. Liu Di wrote an essay titled “How a national security apparatus can hurt national security.” Echoing typical criticism of governments everywhere, she called China’s security apparatus “limitless,” or possessed of “a tendency to expand, without limits, its size and functions.” Wang’s message and the writings of Liu Di appeared on obscure Internet sites. Nonetheless, they came to the attention of the Chinese authorities and provoked swift action. Soon after Wang posted his message, it was deleted. He was arrested in Henan and subjected to an unspecified punishment. Wang’s story was printed in the People’s Daily as a warning, with the headline “15-Year-Old Youth Punished For Making Reactionary Argument That the Government is Prostitute” The State Security Protection Bureau arrested Liu Di on her university campus on November 7, 2002.

Security of the State and National Security. Main Research Positions and the Practice of the Polish Legislator

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 40-73
Author(s):  
Waldemar Kitler
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Security ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
Polish Law

The author is of the opinion that the commonly accepted view about the identity, the concept, and the content of state security and national security in Poland is burdened with numerous flaws, which is confirmed by the legislative practice, planning, and the organizational activity of the state. The author poses a question whether mutual relationships between the concepts of state security and national security exist in the views of Polish theorists and in Polish legislation and, if they do, what they are. Of the methods of establishing the identity of state and national security and the mutual relationship between these terms, one of the ways to see the complexity of the issue is to refer to legislation. The author puts forward a hypothesis that both Polish law and the practical planning and organizational activities of public administration and other entities provide many arguments that these concepts are not identical, but there are strong axiological, epistemological, and ontological links between them. The author is convinced that determination of the domain of the concepts in question and the relationships between them will make it easier for public administration bodies to plan, organize, and carry out specific tasks in the field of security.

scholarly journals Transformation of the concept of state security

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Serhii Hordiienko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The paper considers the genesis of the theory of the concept of state security in Ukraine, its legal dimension, the definition of a set of state bodies, each of which has its own competence. Based on the fact that the most acceptable definition of the state is its definition as an organization of political power, it is noted that the security of the state as a system of political power in Ukraine depends on its political, economic, scientific and scientific-technological components. The author notes that the term «state security» is defined as a qualitatively defined by law state of functioning of the state as a political institution of power, which is achieved by predicting, preventing, detecting and minimizing the negative impact of existing and likely threats to the main features of the state, sovereignty, monetary and tax systems) and allows the state to effectively implement its social purpose to ensure the further development of the individual (citizen), society and the state. Thus, the hypothesis that the security of the state as an apparatus of power and management is provided by a large number of its bodies, each of which has its own competence, finds its preliminary confirmation. In the future, the author substantiates this in more detail on the example of other theoretical developments and existing legislation. Key words: national security, components of national security, threats to national security of Ukraine, qualitative state of state security, rules of definitions, state security and state security, security of state-political, constitutionally legitimized political system of state, security of state formation and constructive policy, political sovereignty, territorial integrity of Ukraine and inviolability of its borders, security of institutions of state power, security of national-state interests in the sphere of economy.

scholarly journals La creciente interacción entre la seguridad nacional y el comercio internacional: hacia una concreción del significado y alcance del artículo XXI GATT en tiempos de cambios tecnológicos y competencia geopolítica = National security and international trade: approaching the meaning and extent of article XXI GATT in times of technological changes and geostrategic competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Carlos Esplugues Mota
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
National Security ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
State Security ◽  
Trade War

Resumen: Tras años de fomento del libre comercio y de la globalización, las posiciones nacionalistas y unilateralistas comienzan a ganar terreno en la realidad internacional. En este entorno, el recurso a la noción de intereses esenciales de la seguridad del Estado y conceptos similares es usado de forma creciente para avalar la adopción de medidas proteccionistas frente a bienes y servicios provenientes del exterior. El artículo XXI GATT gana, así, un protagonista que le ha sido negado desde su redacción en la década de los cuarenta del siglo pasado. Carente de una práctica amplia y consistente, el precepto ha sido ahora objeto de interpretación por al órgano de resolución de controversias de la OMC. El presente artículo aborda la naturaleza y significado de este artículo, referente indiscutible para muchas de las cláusulas de excepción presentes en los distintos Tratados de Libre Comercio, y sus perspectivas de futuro en un entorno marcado por la crisis de la OMC.Palabras clave: Artículo XXI GATT, Intereses esenciales de la seguridad del Estado, Seguridad nacional, Comercio internacional, Guerra comercial.Abstract: International free trade and globalization have been heavily supported during the last decades. Nevertheless, nationalist and unilateralist positions are gaining ground in the international arena and free trade is currently under attack. Notions like “essential interests of state security” or “national security” are increasingly used to support the adoption of protectionist measures against goods and services coming from abroad. In this scenario, article XXI GATT is raising an increasing protagonist. The provision has historically lacked a broad and consistent practice but currently it has been interpretated by the WTO dispute resolution body. This article addresses the nature and meaning of article XXI GATT and its future role in an international trade environment characterized by the WTO crisis.Keywords: Article XXI GATT, Essential Security Interests of the State, National Security, International Trade, Trade War

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT BODIES AS SUBJECTS OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Vitalii Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
State Security ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Service State ◽  
National Police

The article is devoted to the administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies as subjects of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense. The article outlines the basic terminological concepts, such as: status, legal status, administrative and legal status. The opinions of various scholars on the interpretation of the concept of the legal status of law enforcement agencies, its structure and elements are analyzed. The administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies that ensure the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense, including the administrative and legal status of the National Police, Prosecutor's Office, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, State Bureau of Investigation, Law Enforcement Service, State Security Service of Ukraine, state border guards. It was established that the administrative and legal status is a systemic set of such administrative and legal properties of law enforcement agencies that implement state policy in the field of national security and defense, as: competence; the order of formation and acquisition of legal features; name; location; structure; goals of operation; responsibilities, which are directly regulated by current regulations, laws of Ukraine, and international agreements, the binding nature of which is given by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The presence of administrative and legal status means that law enforcement agencies have the competence defined by administrative and legal norms – subjects of jurisdiction, rights and responsibilities (powers), are responsible for actions or omissions within their own or delegated competence, perform public, executive, functions involved in administrative legal relations of a regulatory or protective nature. It was concluded that the administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies (National Police, Prosecutor's Office, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, State Bureau of Investigation, Law Enforcement Service, State Security Service of Ukraine, state border guards) as subjects of state policy formation and implementation in sphere of national security and defense determines the main directions of influence on public relations in the state, and those that arise to protect the interests of national security and defense of the state. It was stated that the obligatory sign of acquisition by law enforcement bodies - subjects of administrative-legal status is the presence of specific subjective rights and obligations, which are realized both within the administrative legal relations and outside them.

scholarly journals Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Information Security

2012 ◽  
Vol 6-7 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Cong Jun Rao ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Jian Ping Gan
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
National Security ◽  
Internet Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Aspect ◽  
New Science ◽  
State Security ◽  
Information Safety ◽  
National Power ◽  
The Stability

Information has become a significant resource of strategy. The selection, the handling and the ability to keep safety of the information constitute an important section of a country’s comprehensive national power. The information security counters about the stability of society, even the state security. Thus, it’s time to take measures to guarantee our nation’s information security. Recent years, the area of information security has acquired more new science results, which develops fast. Through discussing about Internet security, the major aspect of information safety, this dissertation points out the defections in our national security, and then presents some countermeasures to solve the problems.

scholarly journals The Biodiesel Economic Indicators in Northern Brazil Based on Tocantins State

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Fernando Silva Lima ◽  
Waldecy Rodrigues ◽  
Nilton Marques de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
And Storage

This article aimed to perform a regional analysis of biofuel through the biodiesel production capacity in Tocantins in 2008 and 2017. The guiding question of this research was: what is the importance of the biodiesel sector in Brazil and Tocantins, in relation to the sectors of services, industry and storage services in terms of production capacity. The hypothesis is that, in relation to production capacity, the Tocantins biodiesel sector has lost its potential compared to other economic sectors in the state. Taking as theoretical assumption the theories of regional development. Data were collected from the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). The results show that biodiesel in 2008 had potential for Tocantins economy, but not in the same proportionality in 2017.

Security and defense forces in military security system of the state

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kalyayev
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Russian Federation

Problem setting. The relevance of the article is confirmed by the fact that the interaction between the main components of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine, namely the security forces and defense forces, in both peacetime and wartime, is the main condition for national (state) security. The problem of the Security and Defense Forces development is at the planning stage, as, given their current state, there are still many shortcomings in the actions of the state leadership and the governing bodies of the Security and Defense Sector. With the adoption of the new version of the National Security Strategy, the tasks of the security and defense forces become more complicated, which requires some adjustments for changes in strategic planning. This very point actualizes the topicality of the article. Recent research and publications analysis. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature has shown that the issues, considered following the topic of the research, are now covered in the studies of many authors, such as V. Bogdanovich, O. Bodruk, O. Vlasyuk, V. Gorbulin, S. Kononenko, G. Perepelytsia, V. Pocheptsov, O. Reznikov, A. Semenchenko, G. Sytnyk, M. Sitsinska, M. Sungurovsky, V. Lipkan, I. Hrytsyak, A. Kachynski, V. Telelym, A. Paderin, T. Starodub, A. Sitsinsky, O. Sukhodolia, L. Chekalenko, V. Chaly and other scientists. However, a comprehensive study to determine the role and place of the security and defense forces of Ukraine in the system of military security of the state has hardly been conducted. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The purpose and the objective of the article is to analyze the problems of security and defense forces development in the context of ensuring Ukraine’s military security, and to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of interaction between the security and defense sector components in the course of implementation of the new national security strategy. Paper main body. The main element of the security and defense forces is the Armed Forces. The Armed Forces of Ukraine is a military formation, which, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, is responsible for the defense of Ukraine, protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability. The Armed Forces of Ukraine provide deterrence and repulse of armed aggression against Ukraine, protection of state airspace and underwater space within the territorial sea of Ukraine; in cases specified by law, they participate in activities aimed at combating terrorism. The main military formation of the security forces is the National Guard of Ukraine, which is designated to perform tasks of the state security and protection of the state border, and which also participates in cooperation with the Armed Forces of Ukraine, while repelling armed aggression against Ukraine and eliminating armed conflict by conducting military (combat) actions, and in the implementation of territorial defense tasks as well. Conclusion of the research and prospects for further studies. It is stated that, given the complexity of the threats the country is facing, the accumulation of efforts of all components of the security and defense forces is required, especially in conditions of aggravation of the social and political situation in Ukraine, caused by the active influence of the Russian Federation on the spread of anti-state and separatist tendencies and direct intervention in all social processes of our state. Therefore, only after the elimination of the threat from the Russian Federation it will be possible to divide the issues into separate security or defense ones, since such issues as ensuring the territorial integrity of the state, preserving public peace, freedoms and rights of citizens are very interrelated.

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