scholarly journals The impact of intensive sheep grazing in the spring on the vegetation of xerothermic grasslands in Stawska Góra nature reserve

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Warda ◽  
Mariusz Kulik ◽  
Tomasz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
The Impact

Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, 1902–1912: Britain's first local environmental records centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Robin M. Sellers ◽  
Stephen Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Buteo Buteo ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
History Record ◽  
Economic Ornithology ◽  
The Impact

Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, Britain's first local environmental records centre, collected and collated records, mainly of birds but including also mammals and fishes, from amateur naturalists. It initially covered an area of 80 kilometres around Carlisle, and later from Cumberland, Westmorland and the detached portion of Lancashire north of Morecambe Bay: in effect the modern-day county of Cumbria. At the end of each year, those records which had been accepted were logged in a special “Record Book”, and a summary published. For the first eight years of its ten-year existence (1902–1912), these were printed in the local newspaper, The Carlisle Journal, but from 1908 they also appeared in The Zoologist. Alongside the Record Bureau, the Museum undertook a number of other activities, including a short-lived attempt to establish a bird-ringing project, an investigation into the impact of black-headed gulls ( Chroicocephalus ridibundus) on farming and fisheries interests (an early example of economic ornithology), the setting up of Kingmoor Nature Reserve and the protection of nesting peregrines ( Falco peregrinus), buzzards ( Buteo buteo) and ravens ( Corvus corax). The effectiveness of the Natural History Record Bureau and the reasons for its demise are briefly discussed.

Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. N. Shmagol' ◽  
V. L. Yarysh ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
V. I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Impact

<p>The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) and European roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>capreolus</em> L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of sheep grazing on mineral matter content of steppe stands in national nature reserve Mohelská serpentinite steppe

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Pavel Veselý
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Vegetative Season

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sheep pasture on the content of minerals in growth of the Mohelenska Serpentine Steppe National Nature Reserve.Merino sheep pastured on the steppe in 1997–1998, electrical fencer was used. There were 6.8–9.4 sheep per 1 ha in 1997 and 6.7–8.7 sheep per 1 ha in 1998 on the pasture area 4.25 and 6 ha. Samples of steppe growth were taken from five locations with typical fytocenological composition for particular area of steppe. Samples were taken each two weeks during vegetative season from area 3x1 m2. The contents of Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe in dry matter were evaluated. The changes in the content of the nutrients were evaluated depending on the location before, after and during pasture. The values of nutrients were compared with content of these nutrients in meadow and pasture growths (noted in European databases).The content of Ca was from 2.23 to 4.06 g/kg of dry matter. Pasture decreased the variability of location in Ca content and there were significant decreases of Ca content on two locations (P < 0.01). Low content of Ca in steppe growth due to pasture significantly decreased on these locations in comparison with Ca content in pasture growth on no-serpentine soil. The content of P was from 2.23 to 4.06 g/kg of dry matter. Pasture did not affect the variability of location and on one location pasture significantly increased its content (P < 0.01). Despite it the content of P in dry matter was markedly lower than in pasture growths.The content of Na was from 43.88 to 113.97 mg/kg of dry matter. Pasture did not affect the variability of location and its content. The content of Na was markedly lower in steppe growth in comparison with pasture growths. Pasture also did not affect the content of K, which was from 9.96 to 18.10 g/kg of dry matter. But pasture increased the variability of location. The content of K in steppe growth was low in comparison with pasture growths. The content of Mg was from 2.14 to 4.64 g/kg of dry matter. On two locations the content of Mg increased due to pasture (P < 0.05). The content of Mg in steppe growth was comparable with its content in pasture growths. The content of Mn was from 27.55 to 41.32 mg/kg of dry matter and the content of Zn from 12.05 to 26.64 mg/kg of dry matter. Pasture increased the variability of location in both these nutrients. The effect of the pasture on their contents was not (P < 0.05). In steppe growth the content of Mn was markedly lower in comparison with pasture growths and the content of Zn was lower in comparison with pasture growths. The contents of Cu and Fe were from 1.81 to 5.94 mg/kg of dry matter and from 76.1 to 263.2 mg/kg of dry matter. Pasture increased variability of location in the content of Cu and decreased its content in three locations (P < 0.05). The content of Fe was not affected by pasture (P < 0.05). The contents of Cu and Fe were lower in comparison with pasture growths on no-serpentine soils.

scholarly journals The impact of cattle and sheep grazing on grassland in Veľká Fatra National Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stela Jendrišáková ◽  
Zuzana Kováčiková ◽  
Vladimíra Vargová ◽  
Milan Michalec
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

scholarly journals Impact of forest fire on the vegetable cover of radioactively contaminated areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
V. Landin ◽  
O. Tishchenko ◽  
V. Gurelia ◽  
T. Kuchma ◽  
V. Feshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Space Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

This article presents the results of assessing the impact of fires on the vegetation of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and the zone of unconditional (mandatory) resettlement, Drevlyansky Nature Reserve using means of remote sensing of the Earth for the period from 1986 to 2020. The methods and criteria for assessing vegetation damage using spectral data obtained from space satellites of the Earth and using methods of geoinformation technologies are proposed. This methodology provides mapping vegetation through remote sensing imagery. Comparing space images of the territory of the exclusion zone and the zone of unconditional mandatory resettlement for 1986, 1999, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, for the period of 34 years after the accident, identified significant changes in the condition of lands belonging to forest and agricultural lands. In the result of the study revealed the changes observed in the boundaries of water bodies because drying of artificial reservoirs, changes in the direction of riverbeds, waterlogging of drainage canals and adjacent forest areas. The identified effect from fires in forests where dry forest materials have accumulated and from consequences of forest management. It is also noted, that according to the spectral data of space images, areas of forest damaged by insects are well defined. The study reveals

The Impact of Extensive Sheep Grazing on the Population and Individual Traits ofTrollius altissimusCrantz

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-533
Author(s):  
Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt ◽  
Maciej Kozak ◽  
Katarzyna Kozłowska-Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
The Impact

The impact of endophyte on the health and productivity of sheep grazing ryegrass-based pastures

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
L.R. Fletcher ◽  
B.L. Sutherland ◽  
C.G. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
The Impact

The health and production of sheep grazing perennial ryegrass with and without wild-type endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) has been studied in several trials over a number of years. Lambs/ hoggets grazing predominantly perennial ryegrass swards with endophyte developed moderate to severe ryegrass staggers in summer and autumn, while those grazing endophyte-free ryegrass did not. Lambs/hoggets grazing ryegrass with endophyte also had more dags, lower growth rates, lower plasma prolactin levels, higher body temperatures and respiration rates under warm humid conditions. Most of these adverse responses were more severe in summer and autumn when endophyte toxin concentrations were highest. Many of these symptoms are similar to those described for the "autumn ill thrift" syndrome in New Zealand. Keywords: dags, endophyte, flystrike, growth rates, hyperthermia, Neotyphodium, perennial ryegrass, prolactin, ryegrass staggers, sheep

scholarly journals The impact of power lines on phytocenoses of the regional reserve “Uporovsky”, Tyumen Region, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07030
Author(s):  
Elena Popova
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Synanthropization Index ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article reflects the results of anthropogenic impact on phytocenoses of the territory of the Uporovsky regional nature reserve (Uporovsky district, Tyumen region, Russia). On the territory of the Uporovsky regional nature reserve (Uporovsky district, Tyumen region) there is a 110 kV electrical power transmission line (power line) which has the length of 8 kilometers and the right-of-way width of about 30 meters. This power line is undoubtedly the main source of anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation in this area. The degree of participation of individual species in the herbage was determined by taking into account their relative abundance. When exposed to the power lines in the right-of-way area, flora biodiversity decreases due to the loss of a number of species. The effect of electromagnetic fields causes transformation of the vegetation cover, synanthropization and the subsequent complete destruction of natural vegetation. To determine the degree of anthropogenic load on the studied phytocenoses, the synanthropization index is determined. In the synanthropic fraction of the flora, 30 species belonging to 12 families were identified. The synanthropization index of the studied phytocenoses ranges from 6.6% to 81.2%. The largest number of synanthropic species is observed in the anthropogenic area.

The impact of sheep grazing on the depth of spider burrows and of burrows selected by the pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Clayton ◽  
Michael Bull
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Stock

Context Grazing by domestic stock can potentially influence ecosystems positively or negatively, depending on the grazing regime and intensity. The pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) is an endangered species, restricted to fragmented grasslands in the Mid North region of South Australia, predominantly grazed by sheep. These lizards refuge in vertical burrows. They do not dig their own burrows, instead relying on co-existing spiders for this essential resource. Aims We investigated how sheep grazing influenced spider burrows, and predicted the following: that grazing sheep might trample and destroy shallow burrows; that burrows in grazed habitat with less vegetative cover would have higher temperatures in summer; and that, by way of compensation, spiders would dig deeper burrows in grazed habitat. Methods We monitored 12 30m×30m plots monthly, over two austral spring/summer periods (September–March 2012–14). We recorded the number, depth and occupant of all spider burrows in those plots in each survey. We also measured temperatures inside artificial burrows in grazed and ungrazed habitat over a 3-day period in September 2014. Key results Mean burrow depth increased with grazing. This was not because individual burrows became deeper, but because the shallowest burrows were lost where there were sheep. Burrows were significantly hotter in grazed habitat, but lizards consistently chose deeper, cooler burrows. In the subset of burrows that were occupied by lizards, there was no difference in depth between grazed and ungrazed treatments. We detected no difference in spider digging activity between grazed and ungrazed plots. Conclusions Sheep grazing can destroy shallow burrows, probably through trampling, and because sheep produce burrow filling debris. However, grazing did not affect deeper burrows occupied by pygmy bluetongue lizards. Implications This short study indicated that moderate levels of grazing have low impact on deeper burrows suitable for pygmy bluetongue lizards and for lizard persistence. It explains how sheep and lizards have co-occurred for so long, but leaves open the question of how the loss of shallow burrows affects populations of the burrow-digging spiders that are an essential component of the lizard environment.

scholarly journals Altitudinal Biodiversity Gradient and Ecological Drivers for Different Lifeforms in the Baotianman Nature Reserve of the Eastern Qinling Mountains

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Zhao ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yu ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Central China ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Predominant Process ◽  
Community Clustering ◽  
The Impact

Variation in species composition between two communities is so-called β diversity, or dissimilarity, and can be separated into two components: turnover and nestedness. However, the mechanisms underlying these two components remain ambiguous, particularly for different lifeforms. In this study, we examined the altitudinal gradient of biodiversity in the Baotianman Nature Reserve of the eastern Qinling Mountains in central China and found that turnover is the predominant process accounting for β diversity, that dispersal limitation is the main factor influencing species diversity, and that its effect on trees is greater than on shrubs, with herbs least affected. Nestedness, in contrast, is less prominent and generally affected by the richness deviation between communities, and the impact of richness deviation is stronger on shrubs than on trees, and in turn, stronger than on herbs. We zoned the altitudinal vegetation communities by pairwise dissimilarity index, and found that the peak value of turnover rather than β diversity indicates the existence of transitional zones; the higher the turnover index, the greater the diversity between communities. Comparatively, nestedness indicates species overlap between communities. The highest nestedness index usually occurs in the interior of vegetation zones. The result of community clustering by pairwise dissimilarity shows that understory species could have been mostly replaced upwards, while the dominant tree species may keep stable, indicating that dispersal limitation works differently for different lifeforms.

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