scholarly journals The Challenge of Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry Within Leadership-As-Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kirk Mensch
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Philosophies ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Moral Enquiry

Herein, I clarify my concern regarding Raelin’s Leadership-as-Practice (L-A-P) and argue that inconsistent moral philosophies undermine the veracity of leadership theory, especially more recent democratic, shared, collective, and practice oriented theories; that this problem seems to be proliferating in the social sciences, and that this is especially concerning in socio-psychologically oriented theories. I contend that the moral foundations of L-A-P remain philosophically disquieting, unless it is understood as excluding moral agents other than those of a genealogical tradition, and that such exclusionary consequences in practice may lead to moral disengagement, which might then lead to cognitive dissonance and even self-harm.

scholarly journals Bayesian Reanalyses from Summary Statistics: A Guide for Academic Consumers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ly ◽  
Akash Raj ◽  
Alexander Etz ◽  
Maarten Marsman ◽  
Quentin Frederik Gronau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Bayesian Paradigm ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Statistical Preference

Across the social sciences, researchers have overwhelmingly used the classical statistical paradigm to draw conclusions from data, often focusing heavily on a single number: p. Recent years, however, have witnessed a surge of interest in an alternative statistical paradigm: Bayesian inference, in which probabilities are attached to parameters and models. We feel it is informative to provide statistical conclusions that go beyond a single number, and --regardless of one's statistical preference-- it can be prudent to report the results from both the classical and the Bayesian paradigm. In order to promote a more inclusive and insightful approach to statistical inference we show how the open-source software program JASP (jasp-stats.org) provides a set of comprehensive Bayesian reanalyses from just a few commonly-reported summary statistics such as t and N. These Bayesian reanalyses allow researchers --and also editors, reviewers, readers, and reporters-- to quantify evidence on a continuous scale, assess the robustness of that evidence to changes in the prior distribution, and gauge which posterior parameter ranges are more credible than others. The procedure is illustrated using the seminal Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) study on cognitive dissonance.

scholarly journals Bayesian Reanalyses From Summary Statistics: A Guide for Academic Consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ly ◽  
Akash Raj ◽  
Alexander Etz ◽  
Maarten Marsman ◽  
Quentin F. Gronau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
Statistical Preference

Across the social sciences, researchers have overwhelmingly used the classical statistical paradigm to draw conclusions from data, often focusing heavily on a single number: p. Recent years, however, have witnessed a surge of interest in an alternative statistical paradigm: Bayesian inference, in which probabilities are attached to parameters and models. We feel it is informative to provide statistical conclusions that go beyond a single number, and—regardless of one’s statistical preference—it can be prudent to report the results from both the classical and the Bayesian paradigms. In order to promote a more inclusive and insightful approach to statistical inference, we show how the Summary Stats module in the open-source software program JASP ( https://jasp-stats.org ) can provide comprehensive Bayesian reanalyses from just a few commonly reported summary statistics, such as t and N. These Bayesian reanalyses allow researchers—and also editors, reviewers, readers, and reporters—to (a) quantify evidence on a continuous scale using Bayes factors, (b) assess the robustness of that evidence to changes in the prior distribution, and (c) gauge which posterior parameter ranges are more credible than others by examining the posterior distribution of the effect size. The procedure is illustrated using Festinger and Carlsmith’s (1959) seminal study on cognitive dissonance.

The Ethics of Capitalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Halliday ◽  
John Thrasher
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Market Society ◽  
Market Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Figures

This book acquaints the reader with arguments for the moral foundations of market society, as well as the applications of these arguments. Broadly, the book encourages a distinction between capitalism construed as an ideal rather than as a label for the economic status quo and its associated injustices. These foundational arguments are compared with arguments in favor of socialism. Special attention is paid to historically significant figures such as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, and F.A. Hayek. Later chapters deal with more specific and contemporary themes. These include problems not fully foreseen by historic proponents of market order, such as the challenges of climate change, competitive consumption, and the need for an institutionalized order for global trade. Other chapters focus on institutions familiar to most market societies, such as a welfare state, as well as alternatives, such as basic income. Overall, the book seeks to both revisit historically influential arguments for capitalism while also seeking to examine how these historical views stand up to contemporary challenges of economic justice. The book is written primarily for an audience of undergraduates (including majors in the humanities and the social sciences). But it would also be useful for anyone seeking a summary of major themes in political economy, particularly those with moral significance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of internet gaming disorder among engineering student of engineering institute of Belagavi City, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Ashwini Narasannavar ◽  
Mubashir Angolkar
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Engineering Institute

Background: Today internet is reaching every corner of the world. This has created increase in games who play games online. Cases of suicide attempts, suicide death, self-harm allegedly have been reported from all parts of India. To estimate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) among engineering students of engineering institute of Belagavi city.Methods: 262 engineering students of studying in Engineering Institute of Belagavi city were enrolled. Information on socio-demographic was collected by using questionnaire IGD-20 and DSM-5 IGD-9 standard tools were used to estimate IGD prevalence. Data were analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software.Results: Out of 262 participants, 77.9% were male and 22.1% were female. Prevalence of internet gaming disorder was 9.1% among engineering students.Conclusions: Prevalence of internet gaming disorder was high majority were male. Prevalence of IGD was higher among youths and those students spent 3-4-hour daily in gaming.

What Can We Learn From Factorial Surveys About Human Behavior?

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Petzold ◽  
Tobias Wolbring
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Intended Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Factorial survey experiments are increasingly used in the social sciences to investigate behavioral intentions. The measurement of self-reported behavioral intentions with factorial survey experiments frequently assumes that the determinants of intended behavior affect actual behavior in a similar way. We critically investigate this fundamental assumption using the misdirected email technique. Student participants of a survey were randomly assigned to a field experiment or a survey experiment. The email informs the recipient about the reception of a scholarship with varying stakes (full-time vs. book) and recipient’s names (German vs. Arabic). In the survey experiment, respondents saw an image of the same email. This validation design ensured a high level of correspondence between units, settings, and treatments across both studies. Results reveal that while the frequencies of self-reported intentions and actual behavior deviate, treatments show similar relative effects. Hence, although further research on this topic is needed, this study suggests that determinants of behavior might be inferred from behavioral intentions measured with survey experiments.

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