Pecularities of the seasonal development of the northern oak in the Bryansk region

10.12737/8444 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Граборов ◽  
Aleksandr Graborov ◽  
Шошин ◽  
Vladimir Shoshin
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phenological Phases ◽  
Generative Organs

The article presents the data of phenological observations for the period of 2011-2013 for northern oak (Quercus borealis) and English oak (Quercus robur) in the training and experimental forestry of BSETA (Bryansk region). An attempt was made to identify the relationship between the amount of effective tem-peratures, the amount of rain and the onset of different phenological phases in northern oak and in Eng-lish oak. The close relationship (r = 0,794) was revealed between the length of the growing season in northern oak and the sum of effective temperatures of air above + 5ºC. Introduced oak, as well as local one, has complete cycle of seasonal development of vegetative and generative organs.

scholarly journals Phenological features of the growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
T. O. Shcherbakova ◽  
V. F. Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Phenological Phases

Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development of Itoh Group peony cultivars in the conditions of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. The objects of research were plants of 24 cultivars of Itoh Group peonies. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of Flowering and Ornamental Plants of the M. M. Hryshko National Botanical Garden National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine during 2017–2020. The sum of effective temperatures was calculated by summing the daily air temperatures reduced by the biological zero.                 Results. The phenological phases of Ito Group cultivars growth were determined. Phenological spectra for different groups are presented. It was determined that the flowering of early cultivars: ‘First Arrival’, ‘Hillary’, ‘Julia Rose’, ‘Morning Lilac’, ‘Old Rose Dandy’, ‘Sonoma Apricot’ starts at the sum of effective temperatures ≥ 400 °С. The middle group hybrids bloom when the sum of temperatures reaches 450 °С. This group includes: ‘Bartzella’, ‘Callie’s Memory’, ‘Cora Louise’, ‘Lollipop’, ‘Scarlet Heaven’, ‘Sonoma Velvet Ruby’, ‘Yellow Dream’, ‘Yellow Emperor’, ‘Yellow Heaven’, ‘Yellow Waterlily’. Late flowering group includes: ‘Border Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, ‘Kopper Kettle’, ‘Pastel Splendor’, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Viking Full Moon’, ‘White Emperor’, ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’; accumulation of effective temperatures above 500 °С is an essential requirement for their flowering. Conclusions. Itoh Group cultivars successfully pass all phases of seasonal development and manage to complete the growing season. Cultivars belong to the spring-summer-autumn-green phenorhythmotype. The onset of the corresponding phenological phases in peonies of the studied group of cultivars requires a certain sum of effective temperatures. Plant outgrowth begins on March 23 – April 2, when the sum of effective temperatures ranges from 20–40 °С. The flowering of varieties characterized as late spring, lasts 6–9 days ± 3–4 days, depending on the varietal characteristics and the year of cultivation. A rapid increase in the sum of effective temperatures up to 700 °C shortens the flowering phase by 4–5 days. An assortment of early (May 22–25 ± 2–3 days), medium (May 26–28 ± 3–5 days) and late-flowering (May 29–31 ± 4–6 days) cultivars has been selected, what ensures the continuity of peony flowering during two months.

scholarly journals Сезонні ритми розвитку Hyssopus officinalis за культивування в умовах Житомирського Полісся

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
L. A. Kotyuk ◽  
O. V. Shvaika
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Phenological Phases

<p>The duration of phenological phases of 1-7-yeats-old <em>Hyssopus</em><em> officinalis</em> and its seasonal rhythms depending on the abiotic conditions of growth are established. It has been proved that hyssop belongs to late species by the terms of regrowth, the spring phase of which begins with the establishment of stable heat in April-May. The hyssop is attributed to the summer flowering plants, the flowering is the longest phase, and mass flowering is registered in July-August. Hyssop is a spring-summer-autumn-green plants, which begin the vegetation in spring, and in autumn they stay under the snow in green. Climatic conditions during the years of research were marked by temperature and precipitation fluctuations that affected the duration of the growing season and individual phenophases. First year seedlings of H. officinalis had the period of intensive growth and development from sowing to a period of rest was 159 days, whereas in Zhytomyr Polissya the sum of active temperatures was 2610 °С and sum of effective temperatures – 1180 °С. For 2-7-year-old hyssops the period from the spring regeneration to the death of the blooming plants and the formation of seeds lasted an average for 144 days (from 133 days in 2010 to 147 days in 2014). The range of temperatures required for the entire period was insignificant: active - from 2548.2 °C (2011) to 2696.3 °C (2012); effective - from 1152 °C (2009) to 1402.2 °C (2010). Compared with other phenological phases during the blooming period, plants require considerably more heat. The water scarcity did not affect significant on the duration of H. officinalis season rhythms. It is shown that to complete the development cycle of H. officinalis from the total amount of active temperatures was spent on average: for germination of seeds and spring regrowth – 5.9%, for stem formation phase – 13.5%, budding – 22.11%, blooming – 29.5%, fruiting – 16.5%, seeds maturation and pedicels dying – 12.6%; effective temperatures, respectively - 5.2%, 11.9%, 22%, 32.6%, 17.7%, 10.5%. The climatic conditions of Ukrainian Polissya allow to obtain hyssop plant raw material during one growing season, that indicates the adaptation of the species to the new conditions of growth.                </p>

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL-GEOGRAPHIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BARLEY AND OAT FROM THE VIR COLLECTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Loskutov ◽  
Lubov Novikova ◽  
Olga Kovaleva ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanova ◽  
Elena Blinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Selection Of

Under conditions of climate change, the assessment of the stability of genotypes is of particular importance. To conduct directed selection of genotypes with a narrow or broad reaction rate, it is necessary to assess their stability already in the early stages of breeding. The aim of the study was to study the stability of breeding significant traits of oat and barley samples in contrasting ecological and geographical conditions. 25 oat samples and 25 barley samples were studied over 3 years under contrasting conditions in St. Petersburg and the Tambov region. Varieties are characterized by average values of economically valuable traits and genotype regression coefficients on the influence of the bi environment according to Eberhart and Russell. The most sensitive to a change in the ecological and geographical situation were the durations of the germination-heading, germination-harvest periods and grain yield. These characters varied to a greater extent depending on the cultivation conditions than on the genotype. According to regression coefficients for environmental conditions, significant differences in genotypes were only in yield. Contrasting groups of varieties were distinguished by regression coefficients on environmental conditions, genotypes with high productivity. The durations of germination-heading, germination-harvest, the plant height reacted to the change in the environment the same in different varieties. The duration of the growing season was determined by the sum of effective temperatures above 15C. The reduction of the growing season in both crops was 3 days with an increase in the sum of effective temperatures above 15C by 100C.

scholarly journals Features of the phenological phases of introduced strawberry cultivars in the conditions of the Orel region

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
M. I. Zubkova ◽  
S. D. Knyazev ◽  
I. E. Evtikhova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Phases

Relevance. The study of the timing and duration of individual phases of the development of strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin in these climatic conditions is of great practical importance. The purpose of the study was the determination of the timing of the main phenophases of introduced strawberry cultivars in the Orel region, the compliance of the phenorhythms of the studied cultivars with climatic conditions, as well as the ranking of the cultivars by the terms of flowering and maturation.Methods and materials. The article presents the results of phenological observations for the period 2016-2019. 34 strawberry cultivars of domestic and foreign selection were studied. The research was carried out at the VNIISPK site of primary variety study.Results. Based on long - term observations, on the time of entry into the flowering and fruiting phase, the cultivars were ranked into early, medium and late-maturing. The influence of effective temperatures on the onset of phenophases was analyzed. The sum of effective temperatures necessary for the beginning of flowering of strawberry cultivars of different maturation periods in the conditions of the Orel region was determined. For the onset of strawberry flowering, it takes from126.68 to 260.37°effective temperatures. Early cultivars need the sum of effective temperatures of 126.68-197.55°, cultivars of middle maturation need 146.31-225.44°, late cultivars - 159.93-260.37 depending on the year of study. Fruiting occurs at the sum of effective temperatures in early cultivars from 351.73°C to 465.43°C, in middle-maturing cultivars from 390.96 to 535.44°C, in late-maturing cultivars from 450°C to 649°C.

scholarly journals Features of seasonal growth of Arundo donax var. versicolor Mill. (Stokes) in the conditions of the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
T. O. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Plant Shoots

Purpose. To define of phenological and morphological features of A. donax var. versicolor growth during the introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG). Methods. The object of research was the plants of A. donax var. versicolor in the collection of ornamental grasses of the department of flower and ornamental plants of NBG. The plants were grown on a sunny experimental area during 2014–2020. Since under NBG conditions, A. donax var. versicolor did not enter the flowering phase, the beginning of the phases of spring regrowth, leaf unfolding, and the end of the growing season were recorded. Morphometric parameters and shoot-forming ability were investigated for 3–5 years of cultivation. Results. The beginning and duration of the phases of shoot spring regrowth and the unfolding of leaves of A. donax var. versicolor as well as their dependence on the sum of effective temperatures was established. Thus, spring regrowth begins with renewal buds on May 11 ± 5 days at the effective temperature sums of 226.6 ± 19.7 °С. The phase of leaf development in plants occurred on May 20 ± 7 days. The effective temperature sum at the beginning of this phase was 309.45 ± 11.66 °C. The productivity of shoot formation (1.6 ± 0.3 shoot per plant) under the conditions of introduction was determined. Conclusions. A. donax var. versicolor plants did not have a full cycle of seasonal development in the conditions of the NBG. Plants formed vegetative monocyclic shoots 240–260 cm tall. The duration of their vegetation was 182–189 days. The optimal period for the growth of the ground mass of plants fell on July-August. During this period, the leaves were quickly formed, the number of which was 28.8 ± 6.68 on the shoot. The correlation between the rate of accumulation of effective temperatures and the rate of regrowth of plant shoots was recorded.

scholarly journals ASCORBIC ACID IN BLACK CURRANT FRUITS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N. Osokina ◽  
◽  
K. Kostetska ◽  
H. Gerasymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures

The ascorbic acid content of five varieties of black currants during 15 years of research is given. During the growing season of black currant it was counted: the sum of effective temperatures above 5 °C; the sum of effective temperatures above 10 °С; amounts of active temperatures; amount of rainfall; hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The research objective was to analyze ascorbic acid content in black currant fruit during many years of research. Research tasks were meant to establish black currant growth duration and agroclimatic indicators during this period; ascorbic acid content in black currant fruits depending on the variety and the year of the harvest. It is established that the duration of the black currant growing season in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is 96±3–4 days for thermal resources: the sum of effective temperatures is above 5 °С – 750–950°, the sum of effective temperatures is above 10 °С – 300–600°, the sum of active temperatures is 1050–1300° and the rainfall is 120–300 mm, for the HTC it is 0,7–3,0. The regularities of ascorbic acid synthesis are shown depending on the features of the variety and agroclimatic indices during vegetation of plants. The analysis of the received data shows the ambiguous influence of the HTC indicator on the accumulation of ascorbic acid in black currant fruits. A comprehensive and comprehensive study of the most complex details of the metabolism of substances showed that ascorbic acid plays one of the crucial roles in the entire cycle of intrauterine development of plants from emergence to disappearance - the role of a direct participant in the process of respiration, photosynthesis, regulation of the activity of enzymes and coenzymes, general metabolism and transport of substances, protecting cells from oxidative stress caused by abiotic factors. Thus, the high C-vitality of black currant fruit depends to a large extent on the variety, and only then on weather conditions during the formation of the harvest.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF HIGH-STARCH MAIZE HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT GROUND GROUPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Vitalii Palamarchuk ◽  
Oleksii Alieksieiev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Maturity Groups

The article presents the results of mathematical modeling based on the construction and usage of different images of an object, process or system. The research expected to study the dependence of the productivity level and the economically valuable features of corn hybrids in the form of mathematical models. Field studies were carried out during 2011-2017 at the field of research of the Department of Plant, Selection and Bioenergy Crops of SE EF “Kordelivske” of IP NAASU of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the Right-Bank, in accordance with the recommendations presented in the Methodology Of The Maize Field Study. The soils in the study variants are represented by black earth soil of deep medium loamy on the loessial soil. The humus content (according to Tiurin) in the tilth soil was 4.60%. Soil reaction - pH (salt) 5.7. The soils contain lightly hydrolyzed nitrogen (according to Kornfield) 106 mg per 1 kg of soil, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium (according to Chirikov) 186 and 160 mg per 1 kg of soil, respectively. The experiments established the economic and biological evaluation of corn hybrids depending on the sowing period, the size of the fraction and the depth of seed wrapping, foliar fertilizers by micro fertilizers. The plot area for hybrids was 10.5 m2. Repeatability in experiments for hybrids is 3 times. Placement of plots is by the method of randomized blocks. An ecological-genetic model of quantitative features was used to study the phenotypic productivity of maize hybrids and to establish the influence on the formation of their traits. The model construction is based on the hierarchy of production traits demonstration in ontogeny and the correspondence of their manifestation in organogenesis. The model consists of three modules of features, i.e. the resultant and two components which reflecting the phenotypic implementation of the genetic formula. Resulting features are those that have an environmentally stable relationships and the highest total contribution to the intended property, yield. As a result of the conducted research, the mathematical models of the duration of the growing season of early-maturing maize hybrids allowed us to determine that the biggest influence does sums of effective temperatures (≥ + 10° C) for May, June, August and September over correlation rate at r = -0.62 and r = -0.51, r = 0.59 and r = 0.39, respectively. Also precipitation amount significantly influenced on the duration of the growing season and the correlation coefficient was r = -0.44, and the influence of the HTI was at the level of r = -0.34. For middle-early hybrids the sum of effective temperatures (≥ + 10° C) in May and June r = -0.46 and r = -0.28, respectively, and also the sum of effective temperatures (≥ + 10° C) in August – r = 0.18 had a strong effect. However, for medium-maturing maize hybrids, the duration of the growing season was determined by the sum of effective temperatures (≥ + 10° C) for May, June and July – r = -0.37, r = -0.34 and r = -0.28, and the sum of effective temperatures (≥ + 10° C) in August – r = 0,18. It is also possible to note the influence and the total sum of effective temperatures (≥ + 10° C) during vegetation at the level of correlation coefficient r = -0.51. According to the research results of mathematical models of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of phenotypic productivity of maize hybrids of different maturity groups both general biological regularities and group differences of features formation were established. Thus, if we analyze the differences between groups of early-ripening and middle-early corn hybrids, their growth and development in general are influenced by the sum of the effective temperatures, rainfall and HTI. In fact, the studied groups of ripeness differ slightly and the main differences are observed only in the variability of the studied features or their close relationship with each other. However, middle-aged hybrids respond somewhat differently to environmental factors, which allow developing the elements of adaptive growing technology for each of the maturity groups. Key words: corn, hybrid, phenotype, mathematical model, productivity, economic and valuable features.

Predicting the Dose of Warfarin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Sharma ◽  
P A Routledge ◽  
M D Rawlins ◽  
D M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticoagulant Response

SummaryThe validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time.The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based.It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual’s warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control.

Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Ina Edwina ◽  
Rista D Soetikno ◽  
Irma H Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT ZAKAT SEBAGAI PENGUAT KONSEP FILANTROPI EKONOMI KEUMMATAN (Tafsir Verses Of Zakat As The Booster Of Public Economic Philanthropy Concept)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Mustaqim Makki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Vertical Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Functional Content

Zakat merupakan salah satu sendi pokok ajaran Islam. Urgensi zakat yang merupakan anjuran agama Islam untuk menunaikan zakat dan memberikannya kepada yang berhak dengan ketentuan mencapai nishabnya, (kadar minimum harta tertentu) mempunyai nilai sangat signifikan dalam kehidupan manusia. Seorang insan yang sarat akan segala permasalahan pada fitrahnya menuntut untuk selalu berinteraksi kepada sesama, baik berupa materi maupun non materi. Zakat merupakan maliyah ijtima’iyyah yang mengandung nilai-nilai filantropi yang sangat tinggi, karena ketika mengaplikasikan kewajiban zakat kita telah membantu sesama serta mengurangi kesenjangan yang disebabkan beberapa sifat manusia diantaranya adalah sifat kikir, dengki dan iri hati. Menguatnya kembali harapan banyak kalangan terhadap implementasi filantropi Islam, baik dalam bentuk zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf, memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kondisi bangsa yang belum sepenuhnya bangkit dari keterpurukan sebagai dampak dari krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini berakibat kesenjangan penguasaan perekonomian antar warga negara menjadi kian lebar. Pada saat itulah, ziswaf (zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf) kembali dilirik dan diharapkan menjadi alternatif solusi terhadap problem kemiskinan umat. Manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardh dalam Al Qurán menekankan muatan fungsional yang harus diemban oleh manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesejarahan dalam kehidupannya di muka bumi. Kaitan dengan konsep tersebut, ada dua fungsi manusia. Pertama: Manusia sebagai hamba (ábid), dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara vertikal dalam hal ini hubungannya dengan ketuhanan (Teologis). Kedua adalah manusia sebagai khalifah, dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara horizontal dalam hal ini hubungan terhadap manusia.Kata kunci: tafsir ayat zakat, filantropi, ekonomi keummatanAbstract:Zakat is one of the main points of Islamic teachings. The urgency of zakat which is suggested by Islam to fulfill and give it to those who are referred to with the provisions to reach their nishab, (minimum level of certain assets) has a very significant value in human life. A person who is full of all problems in his/her natural demands will always get interaction with other people, either material or non-material. Zakat is maliyah ijtima’iyyah which contains very high philanthropic values, because when applying the obligation of zakat we have helped others and reduced the gaps caused by some human traits including miser, jealousy and envy. The reinforcement of the expectations (estimation) from any levels on the implementation of Islamic philanthropy, which in the form of zakat, donation, alms and endowments, has a close relationship with the condition of the country that has not fully risen from bad economic adversity due to economic crisis. This condition causes a widening of the economic mastery among the citizens. At that moment, ziswaf (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) was again given a serious attentition and expected to be an alternative solution to the problem of poverty among citizens. Humans as khalifah fil ardh in the Qur'an emphasize the functional content that must be carried by humans in carrying out historical tasks in their lives on earth. In accordance with this concept, there are two human functions. First: Humans as servants (ábid), are required to succeed in establishing a vertical relationship in this case the relationship with God (Theological). Second, humans as caliphs, are required to succeed in establishing horizontal relationships in this case the relationship to humans.

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