scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Zudilin ◽  
Natal'y Chukhnina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Tillage Treatment

The aim of the study is to increase the yield of winter wheat with the use of innovative organic fertilizers during overall tillage in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The research was conducted in the period involving 2017-2020. The Svetoch variety winter wheat plants, were subjected to the research. In the field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied at different tillage treatment stages. The fertilizers use during early spring sowing or winter crops aftergrowing contributed to an increase of moisture content in the meter-depth soil layer by 0.8-1.3%. Winter wheat harvesting was not affected by the soil moisture significantly depending either on fertilizers used or main tillage treatment. The organic fertilizers use led to a slight decrease in soil compaction during the sowing of early spring crops or winter wheat spring aftergrowing compared to the option without fertilizers. The in-troduction of fresh manure led to a certain increase in the contamination of crops, after the introduction of other or-ganic fertilizers studied, the number of residues and their weight was less, and no significant differences were ob-served between the variants. Factor A showed (organic fertilizers applied) during periods of 2017-2020 the yield of winter wheat was – 2.95 t/ha; fertilizers were not applied, when 30 t/ha of manure applied – 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer use – 3.35 t/ha; and liquid one – 3.36 t/ha; biohumus – 3.32 t/ha. An increase of winter wheat yield from the action of organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (or 12.5-13.9%). According to factor B (main tillage), the crop yield amounted to: when plowing by 20-22 cm – 3.33 t/ha; surface tillage by 10-12 cm – 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice – 3.19 t/ha. The use of resource-saving tillage reduced the winter wheat yield by 0.08-0.14 t/ha (or by 2.5-4.4 %), that is, without a significant difference between the options.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN DEPENDING ON HUMIC FERTILIZER GUMOSTIM AND FORECROPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
С.В. Богомазов ◽  
А.В. Лянденбурская ◽  
А.А. Левин ◽  
О.А. Ткачук ◽  
Е.В. Ефремова
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Middle Volga

Целью исследований являлось совершенствование элементов технологии возделывания озимой пшеницы в лесостепи Среднего Поволжья, позволяющих оптимизировать условия роста и развития. Исследованиями установлено, что средняя урожайность озимой пшеницы по предшественнику сидеральный пар находилась на уровне 3,19 т/га, что на 0,1 т меньше, по сравнению с черным паром. Совместная обработка семян и вегетирующих растений гуминовым удобрением Гумостим достоверно приводила к увеличению урожайности озимой пшеницы на 0,46 т/га. Наибольший уровень рентабельности (42,18 %) был отмечен в варианте с обработкой семян и вегетирующих растений гуминовым удобрением Гумостим по предшественнику черный пар. The research aimed to improve the elements of the technology for the cultivation of winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region, allowing to optimize the conditions for growth and development. The studies have established that the average yield of winter wheat with green manure fallow as a forecrop was at 3.19 t/ha, which was 0.1 t less compared with black fallow. Joint treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with humic fertilizer Gumostim significantly led to an increase in winter wheat yield by 0.46 t/ ha. The highest level of profitability (42.18%) was noted in the variant with the treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with humic fertilizer Gumostim after black fallow as the forecrop.

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

scholarly journals The productivity elements of the main ear of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Grigoryevich Zakharov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Ostin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Research has been conducted on forming the productivity elements of main ear of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region. It was found that the productivity of main ear is in a strong positive correlative dependence on a number of seeds per ear and on the mass of 1000 grains. The other elements of the structure were also examined in detail – the ear length, the number of spikelets per ear, intravarietal and intervarietal variability of them.

scholarly journals The ear development time and yield of soft winter wheat in the forest steppe of the Middle Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The duration of the growing season is an important, adaptively significant indicator for any crop variety. In wheat breeding, a reliable criterion for determining the maturity group of a variety is the ear formation period. The purpose of the study was to determine the ear formation period of soft winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, and also to determine its effect on yield. Among the studied varieties of wheat from the world collection, German varieties were characterized by late ripeness, wheat from China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia by early ripeness and mid-ripeness, - varieties from the Siberian region of the country by mid-ripeness. Ukrainian cultivars were represented by wheat of different maturity groups. It has been found in the studies that under varying environmental conditions in different years early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late wheat can be highly productive. A well selected system of ripening varieties of soft winter wheat (65–70 % mid-ripening, 25 % mid-early and early-ripening, 5–10 % mid-late) will make it possible to use favorable environmental factors with great efficiency and withstand environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Plant height of soft winter wheat varieties and its connection with winter hardiness in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Grigoryevich Zakharov ◽  
Rezida Akhmetovna Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Norm Of Reaction ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

Research has been carried out to study the height of plants of prospective soft winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. It was found out that the height of the plants of the studied winter soft wheat varieties is characterized by a wide norm of reaction to changes in growing conditions. A positive correlation and regression dependence of winter hardiness on plant height was revealed. The contribution of plant height to winter hardiness of soft winter wheat is 56.7%. Individual dwarf and semi-dwarf prospective varieties of soft winter wheat with increased and high winter hardiness in specific environmental conditions were identified.

Influence of tillage methods on the water-physical conditions of chernozem typical and winter wheat yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
O.O. Diomkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The article presents the results of three-year studies to determine the effectiveness of local chisel, ultra-deep chisel, chisel conventional and disk tillage when growing winter wheat after fallow in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that changing the plowing of local or disking soil tillage leads to an increase in the density and hardness of the arable layer. Solid chisel tillage ensures the agrophysical state of the soil at the level of plowing. Chisel loosening improves the structure of the arable layer due to an increase in the number of water resistance aggregates by 2.5–3.4 % in comparison with plowing. The methods of soil tillage in fallow have little effect on the change in the moisture content of the arable and meter layers, which is facilitated by the accumulation and retention of moisture during the maintenance of fallow. Chisel tillage contributes to an increase in soil protection efficiency of the surface by 5–7 % in comparison with plowing due to the partial preservation of crop residues in the period after harvesting the predecessor to the beginning of summer, improvement of the structure of the upper layer and differentiated redistribution of the root system. The highest level of soil protection efficiency is provided by local chisel loosening. All non-moldboard tillage in fallow contributed to an increase in the yield of wheat grain in comparison with plowing, especially after solid loosening with a chisel plow at 33-35 cm, where an increase in yield was recorded by 0.36 t/ha (9 %). An increase in the level of profitability by 16–25 % makes it possible to recommend chisel local and solid loosening by 33–35 cm in a fallow when growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: winter wheat, chisel loosening, local loosening, efficiency, density, hardness, water resistance, yield.

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