Relevant objectives of modern design

10.12737/3874 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Дарья Ермилова ◽  
Darya Ermilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Ecology ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Effective Development

The article is devoted to the identification of objectives that relevant for modern design. The author considers the characteristics of design as creative activity directed at satisfying the material and spiritual needs of people and focusing on the needs of the consumer. The author also traces the radical changes in the perspective on the methods and objectives of design activity that have manifested themselves since the beginning of the 20th century, when design acquires the status of a universal creative activity driven by a multitude of human and social needs as turned into meaningful objects and images. Following the general trend towards customization of consumption, design is highly needs-driven. It is recognized as a means of mass communication which is active in the sphere of consumption, regulated consumer activity, and serves as a mediator between the consumer and the producer. The need for the environmentally safe world is regarded by the author as a major social need of the modern consumer. The article outlines the tasks and objectives of modern design as imposed by the ecological orientation, the ecology of culture and human ecology, and which are to be met in the context of an increasing customization and greening of consumption. The author analyses the current design trends towards the natural needs of people and substantiates the validity of design in finding solutions to cultural- and human-ecology-related problems by pointing to the status of the need for cultural continuity, ethnic identification, and cultural diversity of the environment as essential human needs. The author sees it as relevant to develop the aspect of sustainable design that is directly connected with the issues of human ecology, oriented at creating the object environment conducive to creative talents development, favourably influencing the human and reflecting human values, as well as meeting the natural needs of people. One of the peculiarities of the current perspective on design is continuous adjustment of individual objectives, which is accounted for by the ever-changing demands of the individual and the society, and which can be viewed as a foundation for the effective development of design activity

scholarly journals MOTIVATING ENGLISH TEACHERS BASED ON THE BASIC NEEDS THEORY AND AN EXPECTANCY THEORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Hidayatus Sholihah
Keyword(s):  
Basic Needs ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Expectancy Theory ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Needs Theory ◽  
Basic Needs Theory

There are two main motivation theories. a hierarchy of basic needs theory,� and an expectancy theory. In a Hyrarchy of basic needs theory, Maslow has stated that the basic needs as a main behaviour direction are structured into a hierarchy. There are five basic human needs.� The first: Physiological needs such as: salary, bonus or working condition. The second: the safety needs, such as: safe job environment, job security or health cover. The third, social needs, such as �union and team work. The next is self esteem, such as getting an award, medal, certificate or any other recognisition. Then the last is self actualization, for example is by providing an opportunity to share knowledge, skills and eprerience. The evaluation of this theory are: there is no spiritual needs as human basic needs is a main weakness of this theory. Then it is possible that different level of� needs� have to be satisfied in the same time, or not in hierarchy level or, not always have to be fulfilled in order. The next motivation theory is an Expectancy Theory. This theory is based on three main factors. The first factor is: English teachers will be motivated to work harder if they have a good perception to their own competences in accordance with their job. The second, individual motivation depends on the rewards given when they finish a� particular job. Finally, it also depends on their regards to the rewards given from the job that they do. Expectancy theory is a good theory, however, it is not easy to be implemented because the principals should provide various types of reward to satisfy the expectation of their English teachers. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of these two theories, it is better to combine both of them in the practice to get more effective results.

scholarly journals The esteem needs in the main character of ‘Me Before You’ movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1285-1298
Author(s):  
Diana Anggraeni ◽  
Herland Franley Manalu ◽  
Desty Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status

Humans have gone through many incidents, both good and bad experiences, and sometimes these experiences are shared with others in the form of stories. The stories, as one of the forms of literary works, would be nothing without the created characters within them because they provide the viewers with a purpose and a reason for us to learn about what happens in the story. Besides, they act as one important element in the movie with various psychological effects. This research aims to analyze the characteristics and the hierarchy of human needs, especially esteem needs, that appear in the main character named Will Traynor in the ‘Me Before You’ movie directed by Thea Sharrock. This study uses descriptive data analysis which describes a phenomenon and the main character in the movie. The results revealed seven characters comprising the esteem needs hierarchy: sensitive, open-minded, friendly, kind, confident, humble, and stubborn. The esteem needs hierarchy is the desire to have the need to be approved, valued, and recognized to have some self-esteem. This is striking in the movie because of the status of the character, Will Traynor as a lord, and Louisa Clark who is only a maid and has no superiority over Will in her life. The findings imply the personality of humans differ in their characters and psychology as shown from the esteem needs hierarchy in Will’s personality expressing the different types of characteristics.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to educating the creative personality of the new generation of specialists

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (I) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Надія ГОЛІВЕР
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of creative abilities and cognitive interests of students. The main directions of development of the creative person according to the social needs of the present are considered. It is noted that creative activity becomes a form of knowledge of the material-objective world; identifies personality possibilities, new ways of one’s personal development. Therefore, the problem of developing the creative abilities of students in the course of educational and cognitive activity is of an exceptional relevance. The author believes that influencing the organization of creative activity is possible only under certain conditions, in particular: to conduct classes in an atmosphere of mutual understanding and co-creation, perceiving each student as a person; to give preference to the dialogical form of conducting classes, when students have an opportunity: to think independently, to make suggestions, to defend their own point of view, presenting their own arguments; it is advisable to create situations of choice at classes and to enable students to carry it out. The author notes that the observance of certain organizational and methodological conditions can significantly contribute to the development of creative potential of students, namely: the creative vision of the world through the systematic organization of work with students; development of creative values through the proper level of teacher's teaching skills; deepening the perception of the world picture through the integration of various types of students’ creativity, works of art and their figurative reproduction in their own creative activity; individual peculiarities of perception and emotional attitude through the use of the educational potential of the family, organization of creative activity. When performing creative tasks the individual characteristics of students to select the material of the appropriate level of complexity must be taken into account. The article examines the examples of students' creativity during the European Cultures Festival, debates and clubs on the basis of the Kryvyi Rih National University.

CONCEPT OF EMPLOYEES’ WELL-BEING AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN RUSSIAN COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2095-2103
Author(s):  
I.V. Kovalev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the content of the current collective agreements of Russian companies. The features of social guarantees of some enterprises are described; the features associated with their activities, location, form of ownership are specified. An analysis of the differences between social guarantees of enterprises operating in the Russian Federation and in developed countries is carried out. Examples of social support for workers in American and German corporations, their features and the result of the impact of social programs on the productivity of these companies are given. The concept of the concept of employee well-being is revealed, the components of this concept are described. The article provides a general analysis of human well-being, refers to the “theory of the hierarchy of needs” by Abraham Maslow, according to which human needs form a hierarchical system, where each need has its own level of significance. As they are satisfied, they give way to other needs. Five key human needs are formulated: human physiological needs; the need for comfort and safety; social needs; the need for respect; the need for self-knowledge. Only by satisfying the last need, a person will be motivated to increase the productivity of his enterprise. An integral part of the concept of well-being for an employee of foreign companies is consultations by experts in various fields of knowledge, trainings for personal and professional growth, programs for a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition, a free schedule of office visits, and much more. The article provides positive examples from the implementation of this concept in the social programs of foreign enterprises. In the final part of the article, conclusions are drawn and the results of a study on the occupancy rate of collective agreements in Russian companies are presented.

Contesting Austerity in the 1970s and 1980s

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-316
Author(s):  
Matthias Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rights Discourse ◽  
Human Rights Discourse

While human rights discourse became fundamental for challenging austerity in the aftermath of the Great Financial Crisis, in historical perspective, such a role of human rights represents the exception rather than the rule. Human rights discourse in the context of sovereign debt-induced austerity has varied enormously over time. Far from reflecting progress, its history reveals changing paradigms of human rights law. This chapter focuses on one of these paradigm shifts occurring at the turn from the 1970s to the 1980s. In the 1970s, newly independent states invoked human rights mostly to assert their sovereignty and avert international interference. This structural human rights paradigm abruptly disappeared from austerity debates in the 1980s, when the sovereign debt crisis hit the Global South, creating a need for multilateral liquidity assistance. Faced with pressure to reconsider the social impact of structural adjustment programmes, the International Monetary Fund shifted the terms of the debate from ‘human needs’, a human rights-related term, to ‘human capital’. Consequently, at the time when human rights rose to the status of the ‘last utopia’, they ceased to have relevance for austerity. Hence, whether human rights discourse promotes social ends depends on the particular context and time. The chapter ends by proposing a political paradigm of human rights law reflecting this insight.

scholarly journals Maslow’s model of needs: application to Cunard and White Star marketing communications between 1900 and the 1950s

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-344
Author(s):  
Graham Gladden
Keyword(s):  
Social Needs ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Company ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
White Star

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse Cunard’s marketing communications during a period of significant social and economic change. The intention is to show, firstly, how the company sought to meet and influence potential passengers’ understanding of their travel needs and, secondly, how these would be met. Design/methodology/approach The companies’ marketing communications are analysed using Maslow’s hierarchy. This is a well known descriptor of human needs. Findings Beyond a description and review of Cunard’s advertising, Maslow’s model of needs is shown to provide a rationale to the company’s approach. In particular, it gives an understanding of the continued, though changing, use of images of the ship to meet the needs of different cohorts of passengers. It shows how carefully constructed images in both word and picture assuaged passengers’ concerns over social needs and how the company promised to meet the highest needs, whether that be for the holiday maker or the emigrant. Research limitations/implications During much of the period under discussion, much of the advertising design work was done in house. Though none of these files have survived, other sources of information (for example, house magazines and internal correspondence) provide an understanding of Cunard’s attitude to its customers and the business opportunities it saw in a changing market. Where specific dates for documents are not available, a chronology of ship building and use has been applied. Practical implications This paper shows how a well-established model can be used in a different way, adding to the understanding of a company adapting to changing social and economic conditions. Originality/value To the best of author’s knowledge, this is the first time that Maslow’s hierarchy has been used explicitly as a tool to analyse marketing and advertising material. Though the existing literature includes some discussion of shipping line posters visual content, there is little further discussion of their content or purpose in a changing social context. This paper provides a more structured analytical view.

Junior Scholars in Search of Equity for Women and Minorities

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona R. Rush ◽  
Carol E. Oukrop ◽  
Katharine Sarikakis ◽  
Julie Andsager ◽  
Billy Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Mass Communications ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Individual

This paper reflects upon the 2002 report on the status of women in journalism and mass communications education that updated and expanded the 1972 study by senior authors Rush and Oukrop. Survey data from the 1972 and the 2002 studies are compared in a highlights section. The focus of this monograph is on the demographic group of “junior scholars” from the 2002 database. It argues that the majority of junior scholars perceive discrimination in several aspects of academic life, including the processes of hiring, promotion, and tenure. The major area of discrimination reported is salary, although rewards other than financial are also subject to unequal treatment. Furthermore, junior scholars are still confronted with centuries-old prejudices that define the role of women as caretakers and impose that role upon them, with effects on women's professional development. The working conditions in the academy are finally reflected in the research outcomes and knowledge produced. The 2002 study report demonstrates that 30 years later women still perceive discrimination. Women and minorities have made great strides in the national organization, the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), but discrimination remains a significant issue in the individual academic units of universities. This monograph argues that the Ratio of Recurrent and Reinforced Residuum (R3) consistently fits data about women in journalism and mass communication both in the academy and in media professions around the world. This paper includes reflections and comments of younger scholars currently at different stages on the academic ladder and makes recommendations for short and long-term actions that new scholars, academic units, and communications organizations should take to help correct inequality.

scholarly journals The Social Impact of STEM, Experienced: Studies With an Engineering Design Concept for Smart Devices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa F. Nietner ◽  
David R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
National Goal ◽  
Physical Activity Monitoring ◽  
School Girls

The government has been allocating multi-billion Dollar budgets to STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) education. Several programs aim to educate girls about STEM and STEAM (STEM and arts). It’s a national goal to create equal opportunities for all genders and increase diversity in STEM fields. We propose that the emerging values and social needs of middle school girls must be considered when creating learning experiences for them, and that appropriate design experiences can make engineering problems engaging and relatable. It has been shown that purposefulness is a critical factor for making engineering attractive to girls. Compared to boys, girls initially perceive engineering to be less socially impactful, yet girls place a higher value on social impact at an earlier age. This paper provides a broad review of relevant literature. It is proposed that creative, innovative engineering activities with perceived social impact may motivate middle and high school girls and build their confidence in the ability to impact people’s lives with technology they create. This work tests this hypothesis using different forms of a design activity that enables students to collaboratively build personal and wearable smart devices. Examples of creations based upon this design toolkit include medical bracelets, physical activity monitoring, and other devices. The paper outlines the development of the toolkit and design activity through various stages of abstraction, and provides novel ways of prototyping design experiences. Three stages of development are implemented and tested with adolescent girls, offering new working methods for the human-centered, iterative process of designing such a toolkit. The first stage of toolkit prototypes consists of sketch models with a physical and digital component; focus groups were used to gain in-depth qualitative data. The second stage of toolkit prototypes consists of cardboard prototypes that allow for interaction mimicking the final design experience. It was used to gather data on design interests of different gender and age groups. The third stage of toolkit prototypes, consisting of computing devices with a simple interface, allowed for conducting experimental workshops to quantitatively investigate participants’ self-efficacy and design and engineering interest both before and after the intervention. A fundamental change in many girls’ mindset was observed in multiple experiments. Findings about requirements for design activities with similar goals are summarized and supported though responses of female middle-school students, who participated in the presented studies.

Jürgen Moltmann as a Doctrinal Theologian: The Nature of Doctrine and The Possibilities for its Development

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-506
Author(s):  
Richard Clutterbuck
Keyword(s):  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

Moltmann derives much of the power of his theology from his willingness to endure the tensions of paradox, a willingness signalled early in his career with the title of his work, The Crucified God. Such paradoxes, however, leave unanswered questions and the need for further explorations. It is the argument of this article that an aspect of Moltmann's theology in particular need of exploration is the area of the status of Christian doctrine and its appropriate development. There is a major tension, we will suggest, between the disavowal of‘doctrine’, ‘dogma’, ‘tradition’ and ‘system’ as helpful concepts, and the strongly doctrinal and systematic content of Moltmann's theology. This tension, we believe, has something to do with the ambivalence in Moltmann's attitude to the intellectual legacy of the Enlightenment, to ‘modernity’. We shall try to show that Moltmann operates with a mixture of internal criteria (based on key doctrines) and external criteria (based on perceived human needs) for assessing authenticity in doctrine. Finally, within the dynamic of Moltmann's theology, with what we shall identify as its emphasis on historicality, there are resources for advancing an account of the theological significance of the development of doctrine. We explore these and ask why Moltmann himself has not put them to greater use.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document