Influence of receptions of the main processing of the soil, fertilizers and means of protection of plants on a contamination, agrophysical properties of the soil and efficiency of barley

10.12737/3832 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Спичков ◽  
Sergey Spichkov ◽  
Фомин ◽  
Vladimir Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subsurface Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed

The field experiments with barley of multiserial Vakula variety were conducted on gray forest soil of Kama region of theRepublic of Tatarstan. This experiment was carried out to identify the responsiveness of barley for fertilizers, methods of the basic soil cultivation and plant protection products. On average over three years of our research, the highest yield of barley (3.95 tons per hectare) was obtained in the flattered soil tillage and carrying out the calculated fertilizernorm in the way, when we used the seed protectant Stinger for pre- treatment of the soil. The yield was a little lower (3.88 tons per hectare), when we used Binoram for pre-sowing seed treatment, Albit was in the third place (3.80 tons per hectare), the fourth - Rizoagrin (3.65 tons per hectare), and the fifth - control (3.42 tons per hectare). The lowest barley yield (2.46 tons per hectare) were obtained on the background when not fertilized subsoiling tillage without the use of plant protection products. The use of seeds for incrustation, treated by Stinger chemical fungicide, increased the yield to 4.0 centner per hectare, compared with the control. When we used moldboard plowing, the yield declined in control to 4.7 centner per hectare and at fertilizered background to 4.9 centner per hectare, and at KSN soil treatment to3-5.3 centner per hectare. In arid 2010 the highest barley harvest was obtained at KSN-3 soil treating, on the second place is subsurface treatment and the third is plowing. Modern energy-saving methods of the basic soil cultivation, treating the calculated norms of fertilizers and use of plant protection products contribute to the production of planned productivity, saving fuel and lubricants, but they are unable to maintain phytosanitary conditions in barley fields within economic threshold. Taking inro account above-mentioned and the current state of agriculture in the steppe of the Volga region, it is necessary to alternate basic soil treatment methods, application of calculated norms of fertilizers and use protectants and biofungicides for pre-sowing treatment, considering fitoekzamination of seeds.

scholarly journals Experience of growing soybeans (Glycine max (L) merryll) on irrigation in the unstable moisture zone of the Stavropol Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Olga Shabaldas ◽  
Konstantin Pimonov ◽  
Olga Vlasova ◽  
Vera Perederieva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Sowing Seed

To obtain a stable harvest of high quality grain, Agrosakhar LLC, located in the Stavropol Territory, used soybean growing technology, which included: the use of modern energy and resource-saving equipment for soil cultivation, sowing and harvesting, cultivation of adapted varieties bred in Russia and Canada - Selecta 302, Vilana, Furio, Kofu, Kyoto, Kanata; introduction of complex fertilizer - azophoska for main soil cultivation, pre-sowing seed treatment with a fungicidal dressing agent Delit Pro and the inoculant Highcoat Super Soy. The system of protective measures included a combination of agrotechnical measures using chemical plant protection products based on monitoring of harmful objects. To combat monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species of weeds, sowing was treated with Pledge herbicide before germination, followed by a tank mixture of herbicides Bazagran with Harmony in the phase of the first true leaf in soybean plants. The use of the fungicide Akanto Plus together with Karate Zeon and Ampligo Plus ensured effective protection of soybean plants from diseases and pests during the growing season. The technology used for growing soybeans on the farm enables you to consistently get a large and high-quality grain yield. The maximum yield of 2.92 t/ha was obtained by sowing the Kofu variety using the developed cultivation technology. On average, the yield of protein amounted to 0.98, and vegetable fat amounted to 0.59 t/ha. The profitability of soybean grain production on the farm using this cultivation technology is 44.2%.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on linear sizes and geometric grain characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
N. G. Vlasenko ◽  
S. V. Burlakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURE (TILLAGE X FERTILIZATION X PLANT PROTECTION) FOR SOYBEAN IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN PLAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Felicia Mureșanu ◽  
Teodor Rusu ◽  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Rozalia Kadar ◽  
Diana Hrișcău
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tillage System

"The purpose of this study was to improve conventional agricultural technologies in soybean crop to ensure a higher yield and reduced environmental impact under climate conditions specific for the Transylvanian Plain. For the experimental design a three-factorial experiment was set up (tillage x fertilization x plant protection products). Factor interaction was evaluated using formula AxBxC-R:4x4x4-3 to highlight the benefits of the practices. This study examined yield crops and size of the soybean plants in an effort to identify best practices. Yield was highly increased in conventional soil tillage system (3420 kg/ha), whereas for the minimum soil tillage system and for direct sowing there were no significant difference 2755-2995 kg/ha and 2605 kg/ha, respectively. Crop performance in terms of yield was highly influenced by the soil tillage system (57.5%), followed by plant protection treatments (22.9%) and fertilization (11.8%). Fertilization with N40P40 + gulle + green fertilizer ensured the highest soybean production (3132 kg/ha). Plant protection treatments during vegetation determined significant yield increases, with high influence of insecticides and a cummulative effect when both fungicides and insecticides were used (3193 kg/ha). Highest size of plants was registered in conventional soil tillage system. Overall crop protection treatments during vegetation (insecticide + fungicide) triggered not significant increases in plant size, except Teo TD soybean cultivar."

STRESS REACTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A Korobov ◽  
◽  
D.O. Morozov ◽  
V.V. Bukreev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Moderate Stress

A comparative assessment of the stress reactions of potato, soybean, corn, barley, table beet, sunflower, cucumber, tomato, zucchini, pumpkin on the use of chemical and biological pesticides in field experiments was carried out. It was found that soy, barley and table beet showed a strong stress response to chemical pesticides.Biological pesticides separately and in combination with chemical plant protection products caused mild and moderate stress in the studied cultures.A close correlation was revealed between plant stress from chemical pesticides and changes in crop productivity.

scholarly journals Features of protection of intertilled crops under irrigation conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Fedir Melnychuk ◽  
Olha Marchenko ◽  
Andrii Shatkovskyi ◽  
Igor Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Active Substances

Irrigation not only changes the ecological conditions of cultivation, but also modifies the existing phytopathocenoses and entomocomplexes, exerting a comprehensive and multi-vector effect, which requires significant changes in protection technologies, development of new methods of pest control. It is important to select a modern range of chemicals that can be effectively used in chemicalisation. The purpose of the study is to identify promising active substances of pesticides for drip irrigation and to develop schemes for their application. Field experiments to determine the effectiveness of certain groups of pesticides under drip irrigation were conducted in the Dry Steppe of Ukraine. The application of the studied drugs took place on the drip irrigation system. To plan research on the use of pesticides under drip irrigation, schemes have been developed to protect row crops: corn, tomatoes, and soybeans. Selected active substances, which are described by translaminar and acropetal movement on the plant, have a systemic nature of action and are highly effective when used in drip irrigation technologies. It is considered that one of the important disadvantages of application of plant protection products with irrigation water is the limitation of application periods by irrigation regimes. The highest efficiency against the main pathogens was observed with the combined method of pesticide application according to the developed schemes. This method involves the use of pesticides together with irrigation water and additional chemical treatment with conventional methods of fertilisation during the growing season. For its part, this allows for preventive treatments in a short time and adjust the timing of treatments depending on the phytosanitary situation

scholarly journals Management of the pests in the conventional and biological systems for pea growing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Vinelina Yankova ◽  
◽  
Dima Markova ◽  
Slavka Kalapchieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume crop, the seeds of which are used for human food and fodder. The seeds are consumed in a mature or green state. The priorities of the peas as a crop are the following: it is a legume, which enriches the soil with nitrogen; peas are the best possible precursor - clears the areas early; non-particular to soil and growing conditions; high protein content crop. However, the growing process of this crop could be worse by various pests that lead to product quality decay or they could even destroy the pea production. Economically important pests in field cultivation of peas are: pea aphid (Acyrthosyphon pisum Harris), pea weevil (Bruchus pisi L.) and pea moths (Laspeyresia nigricana Step. and Laspeyresia dorsana L.). Field experiments on pea variety Paldin were conducted at the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv to determine the effectiveness of different plant protection products against a natural background of pest infestation. The biological activity of the insecticides Deca EC 50 ml/da (a. i. deltamethrin), Oasis 5 EC 25 ml/da (a. i. esfenvalerate), Piretro Natura 75 ml/da (a. i. pyrethrins), Neem Azal T/C 0.3% (a. i. azadirachtin), Naturalis 100 ml/da (a. i. Beauveria bassiana), Dipel 2 X 100 g/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain ABTS) and Rapax 100 ml/da (a. i. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, strain EG 2348) against the main pests of peas in conventional and biological production systems was established.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Protection Products and Albite on the Productivity and Quality of Fodder Galega (Galega Orientalis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3286-3292
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

The research was aimed at scientific substantiation of the possibility to reach high productivity of fodder galega due to the use of plant protection products and the Albite growth regulator, and their effect on the fodder quality. To achieve this goal, the effect of these factors on the yield of green mass and dry matter, on the collection of gross energy, metabolizable energy of feed units, and digestible protein was studied in 2012 – 2014 during the field experiments and in laboratory studies. As a result of the studies, it has been found that galega had the greatest yield of dry matter, metabolizable energy, energy feed units, and digestible protein on the nonpesticide background with plants double sprayed with Albite, and on the pesticide background — in the phase of spring aftergrowing and budding. Prevailing accumulation of crude protein and calcium in the green mass was on the nonpesticide background with double spraying with Albite; of crude fiber — on the pesticide background in the phase of spring aftergrowing; of crude ash — in the phase of seedling + budding; and of crude fat — without introducing any growth regulator. Plant protection products and Albite did not significantly increase the concentration of nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) and phosphorus. The studied factors did not affect the content of gross energy (GE), metabolizable energy (ME) and energy feed units (EFU) in 1 kg of dry matter of galega green mass, and did not increase the concentration of digestible protein in EFU.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

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