NUTRITION BACKGROUND EFFECT ON PRODUCTIVITY OF OATS

10.12737/3816 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
Ахметзянов ◽  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov ◽  
Таланов ◽  
Ivan Talanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Cost

Owing to the agriculture intensification increasing, unreasonably extensive use of chemicals, comprehensive mechanization, intensive tillage, together with an increase in productivity leads to noticeable undesirable results. The contamination grow, the infectiousness of fields by pests and diseases of agricultural crops increases, due to decomposition of humus, the soil fertility gradually decreases, and the quality of the products is deteriorating by the presence of hazardous compounds for health, ecological balance is disturbed environment. In this connection, so that to solve these problems, it is necessary to develop farming biologzation, namely the expansion of perennial grasses, reducing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, the use of intermediate crops for fodder and green manure, the use of crop residues and organic fertilizers, the use of advanced tillage methods. In recent years, the study of some specific biologzation elements are held in Russia too, but without an integrated approach. An intensification of the use of biological means of soil fertility was contributed to: creation an optimum density of the addition of the soil; creation better moisture content of crops; phytosanitary condition of crops. The maximum crop productivity (4.03 tons per hectare) was obtained, when adding straw and stubbly green manure, the cost of 1 ton of grain was decreased, compared with mineral background to 281.4 rubles, the net income was higher to 1593.6 rubles per hectare, the profitability of oat production was 52.8%, against 32.5% on a mineral background.

scholarly journals Methods Of Biologization Of Grain-Grass Crop Rotations And Their Influence On Fertility Of Soddy-Podzolic Soil Of The Forest Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A S Shpakov ◽  
T S Brazhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The Cost

Abstract On soddy-podzolic soils of the forest zone of the European part of Russia, grain-grass crop rotations are most common for the production of voluminous fodder, food and fodder grain [1,2]. In such crop rotations, the link of perennial grasses is the main factor in the reproduction of soil fertility and the production of high-quality voluminous fodder. Improvement of the grass-field link of such crop rotations based on the cultivation of new species and varieties is an urgent scientific and practical task [3,4,5]. An important way to reduce the cost of reproduction of soil fertility in grain-grass crop rotations is the maximum use of plant residues, including straw and green manure crops, which makes it possible to exclude the use of organic fertilizers on certain arable land or, if necessary, to conduct a dung-free economy [6,7,8]. Improvement of the link of perennial grasses, saturation of crop rotations with legumes, maximum use of plant residues and green manure as organic fertilizers allows to reduce the cost of reproduction of soil fertility, to produce high-quality voluminous and concentrated feed [9,10].

scholarly journals Composition and amount of nutrients entering the soil with cotton biomass and green manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3127-3129
Author(s):  
Hasanova Aynur Oruj, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Microbiological Processes

The experience of developed countries in the field of agriculture and research results show that high efficiency from mineral fertilizers can be obtained on fertile soils. That is, the soil should contain a large amount of organic substances, microelements, beneficial microorganisms, various enzymes that activate microbiological processes, normalize and optimize the nutritional, thermal and water-physical properties of the soil. This can be achieved by regularly applying crop residues and organic fertilizers to the soil. Siderata - green fertilizers - are of great importance for increasing soil fertility.

scholarly journals THE USE OF GREEN FERTILIZERS AS ONE OF THE ASPECTS OF GREENING OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
L. V. Rudakova ◽  
E. V. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The reproduction of natural soil fertility is the most important direction in solving the problem of sustainable development of agriculture and the entire agro-industrial complex. The realization of this direction should be considered together with greening of agriculture. Considering greening of agriculture, the agricultural ecosystem can be divided into the components and each component can be considered separately. The main aspects of greening of agriculture are alternative systems of agriculture, non-pesticide crop cultivation technologies, binary or mixed crops, constructing of crop rotations to supply the plants with the main nutrition elements, application of green manure crops to improve soil fertility, etc. Green manure crops are the plants which are grown to improve soil fertility and they are called ‘green manure’. Green manure crops decompose in the soil much faster than other organic fertilizers thereby supplying plants with nutrition elements better. Plowed green manure improves water, air and food regimes of soil, improves its fertility and grain crop productivity.

Hungarian sainfoin and its ecological value for agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
В.А. Волошин ◽  
Г.П. Майсак ◽  
Л.С. Терентьева
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Melilotus Albus ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

В последние годы в Пермском крае прекратилось известкование кислых почв, недостаточно вносятся минеральные и органические удобрения. Всё это постепенно привело к снижению плодородия почв. Избежать или снизить влияние негативных явлений можно за счёт использования многолетних трав. Перспективной фитомелиоративной культурой является эспарцет песчаный (Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) Ser.), который ранее в Пермском крае не возделывался, но встречается в естественных фитоценозах ряда районов края. Целью настоящей работы является поиск и обобщение научной информации по морфо-биологическим особенностям и агроэкологической роли эспарцета песчаного в земледелии. В статье приведён литературный обзор биологических особенностей этой культуры: азотфиксации, накопления пожнивно-корневых остатков, формирования корневой системы эспарцета песчаного в различных регионах его возделывания. Для сравнения приведены экспериментальные данные ряда исследователей, полученные в Пермском крае при изучении клевера лугового (Trifolium pratense L.), люцерны изменчивой (Medicago×varia Mart.), донника белого (Melilotus albus Medik.). Эспарцет песчаный за счёт корневых выделений способен усваивать из глубоких горизонтов почвы труднодоступные для других культур кальциевые и фосфорные соединения и обогащать ими верхний горизонт почвы, то есть он может выступать в роли биологического мелиоранта. На опытном поле Пермского НИИСХ эспарцет песчаный изучался с 2011 по 2019 год и зарекомендовал себя как перспективная кормовая культура. Изучение его особенностей с целью разработки технологий возделывания и использования целесообразно продолжить и расширить. Over the last years, liming of acidic soils stopped in the Perm Territory; mineral and organic fertilizers are not applied sufficiently. All this gradually led to a decrease in soil fertility. It is possible to avoid or reduce the influence of negative factors by planting perennial grasses. Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) Ser.) is a promising phytomeliorative crop for the Perm Territory. It was not previously cultivated there, but it is found in natural ecosystems in a number of locations. The investigation aimed at reviewing morphology, biology and ecological value of Hungarian sainfoin. The article deals with its biological features: nitrogen fixation, accumulation of crop residues as well as root system formation in various regions. To compare sainfoin with other crops in the Perm Territory, the article provides the experimental data on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago×varia Mart.), and white melilot (Melilotus albus Medik.). Due to root secretions, Hungarian sainfoin is able to assimilate calcium and phosphorus from deep soil that are unavailable for other crops. So, the crop can enrich the upper soil layers with these elements, being a biological ameliorant. Studied during 2011–2019 on the trial field of the Perm Research Institute of Agriculture, Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be a promising forage crop. Its further investigation as well as development of efficient cultural practices is of high value.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals Organic Vegetable Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Nandhini Devi Harinarayanan ◽  
Pugalendhi Lakshmanan
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Present day agricultural practices are posing a serious threat to the human population due to unscrupulous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Conventional agricultural practices wherein large quantities and unscrupulous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are no longer safer as it directly enter the food chain. Hence, organic cultivation of vegetables is gaining momentum among the growing population. Organic practices rely on crop rotations, crop residues, plant and animal manures, growing of legume and green manure crops and biological control of pests and diseases. It aims to combine tradition, innovation and science in a balanced proportion to utilize the environment in safer manner and maintain ecological balance. Organic cultivation assures protection of the environment and plays a major role on the economy of a nation. Sustainable production of organic vegetables needs to be ensured to fetch premium price in the domestic as well as international markets. Organic farming has shown expansion in the recent years in the European countries offering scope for a better price in the international market.

scholarly journals Scientific bases of the humus stabilization in ordinary chernozem in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Oleg Goryanin ◽  
Anatoly Chichkin ◽  
Baurzhan Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Middle Volga Region

<p>The influence of long-term use of mineral and organic fertilizers, crop rotations, plant residues, soil treatment systems on humus content of common chernozems and stabilization of productivity of field crops in the arid conditions of the Middle Volga region is considered on the example of researches in the Samara area. The zone climate of field experiments is characterized as extremely continental. The sum of the active temperatures (above 10°C) is 2,800-3,000°C. The average annual rainfall is 454.1 mm with fluctuations over the years from 187.5 mm to 704.6 mm. At some years, precipitation does not happen within a month or more. Hydrothermal index in May-August is 0,7, the duration of the frost-free period is 149 days. If the humus content in the region is 4.35-4.52%, then, it is necessary to introduce 6.7-8.0 t/ha of manure per year to maintain the balance of the deficit. The introduction of biological methods for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility (green fertilizers, perennial grasses, straw as fertilizer) reduces the loss of humus by 0.15-0.24 t/ha. This makes it possible to increase the payback of mineral fertilizers, which must be taken into account when developing fertility reproduction systems for soils. In the variants with minimal and differentiated cultivation of the soil during crop rotation in 30 years of the study, the loss of humus in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 0.04 - 0.73% (43-789 kg per year with maximum values in the combination of direct seeding of spring crops with deep loosening for a number of crop rotations is 4.14%, significantly exceeding the control (by 0.54%). The decrease in soil fertility in the variants with constant plowing and minimal tillage contributed to an increase in the conjugation of productivity of crops with humus. Based on the research, in order to preserve the fertility of the soil of ordinary chernozem, it is necessary to use green fertilizer, leguminous perennial grasses. In the regional rotations of crop production, new generation technologies are recommended, the basis of which is differentiated tillage with the use of crushed straw as fertilizer.</p>

The impact of diversification of a rice–wheat cropping system on crop productivity and soil fertility

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. SINGH ◽  
B. B. SHARMA ◽  
B. S. DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Field experiments were conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 1996/97 and 1997/98. Each experiment comprised 10 crop sequences: (a) wheat–rice, (b) chickpea–rice, (c) lentil–rice, (d) pea–rice, (e) wheat–mungbean green manure–rice, (f) wheat–Sesbania green manure–rice, (g) wheat–fodder–rice, (h) chickpea–fodder–rice, (i) lentil–fodder–rice and (j) pea–fodder–rice, in a randomized block design with four replications. The crop sequences were compared in terms of economic rice equivalent yield (REY), protein production, apparent nutrient balances and effect on soil fertility status. Amongst crop sequences involving two crops each year (200% cropping intensity), chickpea–rice gave highest REY and protein production. Of the sequences involving three crops each year (300% cropping intensity), chickpea–fodder–rice and wheat–fodder–rice were superior to others. The P balances were positive for all sequences, whereas K balances were generally negative except for sequences involving green manure legumes. Green manuring with Sesbania or mungbean helped restore soil fertility, indicating the advantage of green manure for higher productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat system. Chickpea–rice and chickpea–fodder–rice appeared promising alternatives to rice–wheat crop sequence.

scholarly journals Soil fertility management for organic rice production in the Lao PDR

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Roder ◽  
S. Schürmann ◽  
P. Chittanavanh ◽  
K. Sipaseuth ◽  
M. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Organic Rice

AbstractRice is the most important agricultural commodity of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), produced largely using traditional methods with limited inputs of fertilizers and other chemicals. The country has a wide diversity in rice production systems and rice varieties, with over 3000 different varieties recorded. The rich diversity and the production environment and methods are favorable for organic rice production. Investigations were carried out to describe soil fertility conditions, management practices, opportunities and problems associated with organic production methods for rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly of low fertility, with low organic matter and N-availability. In spite of this, virtually no fertilizer inputs are used for upland rice production. Inorganic fertilizer inputs for lowland rice production have increased rapidly over the past decade, but are still below 20 kg ha−1. The most important nutrient sources are rice straw and manure from buffalo and cattle. Chromolaena odorata plays an important role in nutrient cycling in upland rice systems and is sometimes added to lowland fields. In a range of fertility management studies, yield increase ranged from 2 to 89% for manure, straw or rice husk applied at modest rates (3 t ha−1), 32–156% for modest rates of inorganic fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1) and 36–167% for combined application of manure or crop residues with inorganic fertilizer. The response to locally produced commercial organic fertilizer was poor. The most promising inputs and strategies available to optimize yields in organic rice production systems are (1) optimizing use of locally available nutrients, mostly from manure, crop residues and weed biomass, (2) N addition through green manure and legumes growing in rotation and (3) additions of P through guano or rock-phosphate. The Lao PDR is fortunate to have substantial bat guano deposits in limestone caves. Extensive experience is available on straw and husk management for lowland systems and green manure species for upland production systems.

scholarly journals Response of giving local microorganism solutions from bamboo shoot to growth and production of red chili plant (Capsicum annum L) jenggo F1

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-429
Author(s):  
Hilwa Walida ◽  
Eko Surahman ◽  
Fitra Syawal Harahap ◽  
Wiwit Arif Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Bamboo Shoot ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
High Doses

Efforts to increase the production of chilli plants are still experiencing obstacles. The presence of several pests and diseases makes one of the limiting factors that cause a decrease in the production of red chili. Likewise, the intensification of plants by fertilizing and applying pesticides continuously at high doses causes deterioration or decreased soil fertility, so that the addition of fertilizer and pesticide inputs are no longer able to spur increased crop productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the response of giving Local Microorganism (MOL) Solutions bamboo shoot to the growth and production of red chili (Capsicum annum L) varieties of Jenggo F1. This research was conducted with 4 doses of MOL bamboo shoot treatment and repeated 10 times. Research data was the averages data of each parameter and then analyzed descriptively. The highest average height of plants at M2 treatment (100 ml / sample) at the age of 10 MST was 44.05 cm. The average number of leaves at M2 treatment (100 ml / sample) aged 10 MST as many as 77.8 strands. The fastest flowering age was35.7 days (M2). The largest initial production weight was 28.50 grams (M2). Giving MOL solution of bamboo shoot at a dose of 100 ml / sample gave a good response to all observed parameters such as plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), age of flowering (days), and initial production weight (g).

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