scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHYTONCIDE PROPERTIES OF OAK PLANTATIONS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OAK GALLFLIES IN COPPICE OAK FOREST IN URBAN GREEN BELT OF VORONEZH

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Казбанова ◽  
Irina Kazbanova
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Plant Gall ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Oak Leaves

The article is devoted to research on the effect of phytoncide properties of oak grown in plantations of forest and park area of Voronezh on the growth and development of oak gallflies. The aim is to study the oak pests - oak gallflies - small flying insects. The female of gall wasps makes injection on an oak leaf using the ovipositor and lays eggs in the wound, which is beginning to develop, and the next underlying cells and tissues begin to form sheet "nut" or plant gall. Soon the larva hatches from the egg and begins to work its jaws. All larval development occurs in the gall. It turns out that from the time of laying the egg and then the larva during all the time of its development are in close proximity to the plant tissues and phytoncides. So, oak leaf tissue is not toxic to the larvae of gallflies. Meanwhile, it is well known that volatile phytoncides of oak leaves are poisonous to many microorganisms including the very resistant, for example, for the dysentery bacillus. When laying eggs in the leaf tissue insects necessarily hurt it. Namely wound leaf increases the "production" of phytoncides, but it remains without consequences for the insect to adapt to phytoncides of oak leaves. This adaptation of some insects to poisonous phytoncides affects equally scientists. One of the major reasons of sanitary and hygienic influence of the forest is the antimicrobial effect of the volatile, which secrete plant organizations as they play an important role in chemical interaction of plants in phytocenoses, that was proved by the works of N. G. Kholodny, A. L.Kholodny, A. L. Chesovennaya (1987) – the number of phytoncides and their activity in one and the same species varies with conditions of oak forest location

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

scholarly journals Evaluating Plant Potassium Status

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-261
Author(s):  
T. Scott Murrell ◽  
Dharma Pitchay
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Crop Growth And Development

AbstractSeveral methods exist for evaluating plant nutritional status. Looking for visual deficiency symptoms is perhaps the simplest approach, but once symptoms appear, crop performance has already been compromised. Several other techniques have been developed. All of them require correlation studies to provide plant performance interpretations. Reflectance is a remote sensing technique that detects changes in light energy reflected by plant tissue. It has proven successful in detecting nutrient deficiencies but does not yet have the ability to discriminate among more than one deficiency. Chemical assays of leaf tissue, known as tissue tests, require destructive sampling but are the standard against which other assessments are compared. Sufficiency ranges provide concentrations of each nutrient that are considered adequate for crop growth and development. They consider nutrients in isolation. Other approaches have been developed to consider how the concentration of one nutrient in tissue impacts the concentrations of other nutrients. These approaches strive to develop guidelines for maintaining nutrient balance within the plant. All approaches require large data sets for interpretation.

scholarly journals 245 EFFECTS OF PLANT AGE AND CONSTANT NUTRIENT SUPPLY ON POTATO LEAF ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 464f-464
Author(s):  
W.L. Berry ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
G.W. Stutte ◽  
J.C. Sager
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Critical levels of nutrients in leaf tissue are influenced by plant metabolism, environment, and nutrient availability. In this study, we measured the elemental concentrations in fully expanded, upper canopy potato (Solunum tuberosum cv. Norland) leaves throughout growth and development in a controlled environment. Plants were grown hydroponically (NFT) in NASA's Biomass Production Chamber using a complete nutrient solution with the electrical conductivity maintained continuously at 0.12 S m-1. Photoperiod and air and root zone temperatures were changed midseason to promote tuberization, while CO2 levels were maintained at 1000 μmol mol-1 throughout growth. During vegetative growth, leaf nutrient concentrations remained relatively constant, except for a decline in Ca. During tuber enlargement and plant maturation, overall nutrient uptake decreased. Concentrations of the less mobile nutrients such as Ca, Mg, and B increased in the leaf tissue during mature growth, but somewhat surprisingly, highly mobile K also increased. Leaf concentrations of P, Zn, and Cu decreased during maturation.

scholarly journals ENHANCING COPPER AND LEAD BIOACCUMULATION IN RAPESEED BY ADDING HEMP SHIVES AS SOIL NATURAL AMENDMENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corneliu TANASE ◽  
Irina VOLF ◽  
Valentin I. POPA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Close Proximity

The current study reveals the results of a phytoremediation process applied to a multi metal contaminated soil, located in close proximity to an energy power plant. Phytoremediation process was studied using the rapeseed cultivation, both in the presence and absence of hemp shives, considered as potential natural soil amendments. The physiological responses of the rapeseed plants, such as variations in length and accumulation of biomass, as well as the content of assimilating pigments were investigated. The concentrations of Cu (II) and Pb (II) ions have also been determined in soil and plants aiming at locating the metal ions in different organs of the plants. By using hemp shives as amendments, bioaccumulation of copper and lead ions in plant increases. The plants cultivated in the presence of high amounts of heavy metal ions have been characterized by an inhibition of growth and development that consisted in decrease of root and stem lengths, as well in the amount of biomass accumulated in different vegetative organs.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Metabolism and Efficiency of Photosystem II in Mown Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Howieson ◽  
Nick Edward Christians
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Glucose Levels

Regrowth of leaf tissue after mowing is necessary to form photosynthetic leaf area required for CO2 assimilation and plant growth and development. Leaf tissue regrowth often is dependent on levels of reserve carbohydrates stored in leaf sheaths and leaf bases. The objective of this study was to quantify mowing injury by measuring levels of fructan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) in not-cut, rolled, single-cut, and double-cut creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) grown in a greenhouse. Efficiency of PSII was reduced in double-cut grasses by as much as 9% compared with not-cut grasses. Fructan levels were reduced in single- and double-cut grasses compared with not-cut grasses by 52% and 45%, respectively, 36 h after mowing. Glucose levels were 31% lower in double-cut grasses compared with not-cut grasses. No differences were observed in sucrose and fructose levels among not-cut, rolled, single-cut, and double-cut grasses. Mowing transiently reduced fructan and glucose levels in mowed grasses. Duration of reduction of fructan levels, magnitude of reduction in glucose levels, and efficiency of PSII were greatest in double-cut grasses, suggesting that multiple cuttings may be more damaging to plant vigor than single cutting.

scholarly journals A tentative approach to the molecular structure of humic acids: the spectral evidence for a derivation of humic acids from plant-borne esters. 3. Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
G. Minderman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectral Evidence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Oak Leaves ◽  
Humus Horizons

Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of humic acids collected from oak forest litter and humus horizons, of esters extracted from oak leaves and of bark extracts indicated a close relationship between plant esters and humic acids. The data support the hypothesis that humic acids can be derived from simple mixed esters formed in the plants. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Intracellular location of potato virus S in leaf tissue of Chenopodium quinoa

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hlruki ◽  
P. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potato Virus S ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Local Lesions

The presence of potato virus S (PVS) in the local lesions of Chenopodium quinoa was shown by bioassay, a serological test, and electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations of the infected tissues. Amorphous aggregates of particles believed to be PVS were found with the electron microscope in ultra-thin sections of both necrotic and nearby chlorotic cells of lesions sampled 8 days after inoculation of C. quinoa. The virus masses were confined to the cytoplasm and found in close proximity to the nucleus, chloroplasts, and tonoplasts. No other cellular inclusions were found in these cells.

scholarly journals Effects of Changes in Boron Nutrition on Growth and Development of Subterranean Clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Complete Solutions

In the early stages, boron deficiency had little effect on dry matter accumula-tion by the plant as a whole. Root growth, however, declined significantly and this was accompanied by an accumulation of dry matter in the leaves. At progressive stages of boron deficiency distribution of dry matter to new leaf tissue also became restricted. When plants already deficient in boron were transferred to solutions without boron, increases in dry weight of existing leaves were greater than for the corresponding plants transferred to complete solutions. However, the dry weight of leaves formed after the transfer increased at a much slower rate in the no-boron than in the complete solutions_

The nymphal stage of Cardiaspina densitexta (Homoptera : Psyllidae) on leaves of Eucalyptus fasciculosa

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
TCR White
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
The North ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

First-instar nymphs of C. densitexta crawl freely from leaf to leaf on the plant, tending to disperse from overcrowded leaves; some are carried from one tree to another by wind. The lower side of the basal end of mature leaves is the favoured site for settling. Survival and rate of growth in both winter and summer are greater on the north than on the south side of trees. In the laboratory, nymphs can be successfully reared on disks cut from E, fasciculosa leaves and floated on distilled water. Under high light intensity the initial favourability of sun leaves over shade leaves is quickly lost, but disks from old leaves continue to be less favourable than those from mature leaves. Mortality is much greater on leaf tissue exposed to dim light, and disks of sun leaves are then less favourable than those of shade leaves. Isolated individual nymphs have a lower chance of survival and grow more slowly than when there are several nymphs in close proximity. The feeding of nymphs causes discoloration and eventual death of the leaf tissue immediately surrounding the feeding site, and there is, possibly, a secondary systemic toxic effect on the host. These results seem to support the hypothesis that the phloem sap of the host plant-and specifically its soluble nitrogen content is, for most of the time, an inadequate source of food for the nymphs.

scholarly journals Influence of Sulfonamide Contamination Derived from Veterinary Antibiotics on Plant Growth and Development

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Mi Sun Cheong ◽  
Kyung Hye Seo ◽  
Hadjer Chohra ◽  
Young Eun Yoon ◽  
Hyeonji Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Docking Model ◽  
Folate Biosynthesis ◽  
Seedling Growth Inhibition

Veterinary antibiotics such as sulfonamides are widely used to increase feed efficiency and to protect against disease in livestock production. The sulfonamide antimicrobial mechanism involves the blocking of folate biosynthesis by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) activity competitively. Interestingly, most treatment antibiotics can be released into the environment via manure and result in significant diffuse pollution in the environment. However, the physiological effects of sulfonamide during plant growth and development remain elusive because the plant response is dependent on folate biosynthesis and the concentration of antibiotics. Here, we present a chemical interaction docking model between Napa cabbage (Brassica campestris) DHPS and sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine, which are the most abundant sulfonamides detected in the environment. Furthermore, seedling growth inhibition was observed in lentil bean (Lens culinaris), rice (Oryza sativa), and Napa cabbage plants upon sulfonamide exposure. The results revealed that sulfonamide antibiotics target plant DHPS in a module similar to bacterial DHPS and affect early growth and the development of crop seedlings. Taking these results together, we suggest that sulfonamides act as pollutants in crop fields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document