scholarly journals The Role of Pension Funds in Financing US Federal Debt

Upravlenie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Аксенов ◽  
P. Aksenov ◽  
Емельянов ◽  
S. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Trust Fund ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Trust Funds ◽  
The Social ◽  
Federal Debt ◽  
Security Funds ◽  
The Government

The article examines main trends in financing the federal debt, pointing out its structure, with focus on the role of pension funds as a source of financing; because the surplus of Social Security funds is loaned to the rest of the government; interlinks concerning this process and possible problems; the peculiarities of the federal government pension system’s investment in the government bonds. The US public debt as a share of GDP is much less than in many countries, but its volume is near 20 trln. doll. It may be classified by marketable and non-marketable securities, which are mainly owed to certain government trust funds such as the Social Security trust fund. So the Social Security trust fund, in effect is exchanging one type of debt for the other, taking into consideration that the non-marketable securities represent amounts owed to the beneficiaries. The reserves are in effect borrowed for a time by the rest of the government, and then repaid with interest when the trust funds need them back. Looking ahead Social Security will continue to be financed through its own receipts, mainly payroll tax; and Social Security Trust Fund surplus will become diminishing, with less possibilities to finance federal debt.

The potential impact of policies to reduce Social Security funding shortfalls on consumers' expected benefits and behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez-Arce ◽  
Lila Rabinovich ◽  
Joanne Yoong
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Subjective Expectations ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
The Government

Abstract To ensure the long-term sustainability of the US Social Security System, several policy alternatives can theoretically be implemented. However, in practice, consumer responses can be challenging for policymakers to anticipate. We conducted a randomized survey on the nationally-representative Understanding America Study (UAS) panel where respondents were presented with a series of ‘policy scenarios’ in which the government enacts alternative reforms aimed to reduce the expected shortfall in the trust fund that pays Social Security retirement benefits. These scenarios included an increase in the Social Security payroll tax, an increase in the wage ceiling, and a reduction of benefits. We find that changes in respondents’ subjective expectations about their benefits and how this will affect their behaviors are directionally consistent with what would be expected when individuals are attentive to the available information and form rational expectations (e.g., monthly benefit expectations increase upon the announcement of an increase in the Social Security tax rate or in the wage ceiling, and they decrease less-than-proportionally with hypothetical benefit cuts). However, surprisingly, these changes are not sensitive to the magnitudes of policy change (e.g., the increase in expected benefits is about the same regardless of the size of Social Security payroll tax increases). Individuals with higher levels of education, cognitive ability, and financial literacy are more likely to adjust their expectations as predicted by theory.

scholarly journals Transformation of Social Insurance as an Instrument of Social Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Olga Miller ◽  
Elena Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Funds ◽  
The Government

he development of social insurance is a highly researched issue. However, its place and role in the system of social protection remains understudied, as well as its current transformations under the changing socio-economic conditions. The research objective was to analyze the development of social insurance as an instrument of social security in Russia and in the Siberian Federal District. The study featured the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of social insurance in the changing system of social security. The research was based on a systematic approach to social security and social insurance as one of its most important mechanisms. The article introduces a review of domestic and foreign researches. It also focuses on an analysis of related regulations and statistic data. The methods and materials made it possible to conduct a thorough analysis of the development of the compulsory social insurance in Russia as a governmental instrument. The authors also described the legal framework in the field of social insurance. The government supports the Social Security Funds. In the Siberian Federal District, the budget of the Social Security Funds increased due to the growing number of insurance premiums, e.g. taxes and penalties, as well as due to the state participation. The research revealed some changes processes in the sphere of social security in the Russian Federation. The changes proved to affect social insurance and the whole insurance industry.

Popular Opinion on Tax Cuts and Social Security

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Ruy Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Trust Fund ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opinion Polls

A review of recent opinion polls reveals the U.S. public's views on budget priorities and Social Security. The public wants more spending on Social Security, Medicare, and other domestic programs, chiefly education and health care, and prefers these spending priorities—by up to a 70 percent majority—to paying down the national debt and cutting taxes. The public supports the Social Security system but doubts it can continue to deliver the goods. To remedy this problem, it is willing not only to use part of the surplus but to raise the cap on payroll taxes. The public does not support benefit cuts or an increase in the retirement age. And the public remains unsure to hostile about the role of the stock market, whether in individual accounts or in the Social Security trust fund.

The Role of the Government Actuary's Department in Social Security in the United Kingdom

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Daykin
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

ABSTRACTThe Government Actuary's Department (GAD) came into being in 1919, originally arising from the perceived importance of applying actuarial skills to the financing of the United Kingdom social security system. Whilst the GAD has changed considerably over the years, and now operates as a publicly owned consulting firm, social security and related policy and regulatory advice remain at the core of the Government Actuary's role. This paper explores the nature of the role of the GAD in the social security area, and provides examples of the scope of GAD reports on the long-term finances of the National Insurance Fund. A brief description is given of some of the other areas of GAD's work.

scholarly journals The role of social security in social progress in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Nguyen Minh Tri ◽  
Dao Tuan Hau ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Duyen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
International Integration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

In the process of international integration, the State of Vietnam has always determined that implementing social security is both a goal and a driving force for sustainable development, maintaining socio-political stability. Over the years, Vietnam's social security has contributed to building a people-centered economy in Vietnam. Although the implementation of social security in Vietnam has achieved certain results with social progress, there are still some limitations that need to be overcome in the coming time to continue to improve social security towards a just and progressive society. The article analyzes the current situation (results and limitations) of the role of social security in social progress in Vietnam in the process of international integration; thereby contributing to providing more scientific bases for the decisions of the Government of Vietnam to improve the social security system to ensure social progress nowadays.

Mediasi Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja pada Hubungan antara Program Jamsostek dan Kinerja Karyawan Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Swasta di DIY dan Solo

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyowati ◽  
Totok Danangdjojo
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Program Performance ◽  
Social Security Program ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

<span><em>This study aims to explain the influence of the Social Security </em><span><em>program on performance and job satisfaction and job stress as a mediating </em><span><em>variable. In addition, this study also describes the effect of job satisfaction on </em><span><em>the performance and the effect of work stress on performance. The relationship of </em><span><em>each variable in this research is to be measured by conducting a survey on 145 </em><span><em>employees of private companies that included in Social Security program on </em><span><em>DIY and Solo. Then the path analisys used to test the effect of social security </em><span><em>program performance in mediation by job satisfaction, performance and job stress</em><span><em>, job satisfaction, and examines the effect on the performance and the effect of </em><span><em>work stress on performance. The results showed that the social security program </em><span><em>significant positively affects job satisfaction and performance. Job satisfaction was </em><span><em>also positively and significantly affect performance. Even though mediating role </em><span><em>of job satisfaction in the relationship between social security program performance </em><span><em>partial. Because merely direct relationship between social security program with </em><span><em>greater performance than the mediating role of job satisfaction. Social Security </em><span><em>program did not significantly affect the stress of work, as well as job stress did </em><span><em>not significantly affect performance. Therefore, the mediating role of work stress </em><span><em>on the relationship between social security program with the performance did not </em><span><em>occur. Individual differences and work experience may be a factor that causes no </em><span><em>significant relationship between the two variables.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

The 2016 Police and Crime Commissioner elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the 2016 elections for Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and to compare them with those that took place in 2012. It seeks to evaluate the background of the candidates who stood for office in 2016, the policies that they put forward, the results of the contests and the implications of the 2016 experience for future PCC elections. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based around several key themes – the profile of candidates who stood for election, preparations conducted prior to the contests taking place, the election campaign and issues raised during the contests, the results and the profile of elected candidates. The paper is based upon documentary research, making particular use of primary source material. Findings The research establishes that affiliation to a political party became the main route for successful candidates in 2016 and that local issues related to low-level criminality will dominate the future policing agenda. It establishes that although turnout was higher than in 2012, it remains low and that further consideration needs to be devoted to initiatives to address this for future PCC election contests. Research limitations/implications The research focusses on the 2016 elections and identifies a number of key issues that emerged during the campaign affecting the conduct of the contests which have a bearing on future PCC elections. It treats these elections as a bespoke topic and does not seek to place them within the broader context of the development of the office of PCC. Practical implications The research suggests that in order to boost voter participation in future PCC election contests, PCCs need to consider further means to advertise the importance of the role they perform and that the government should play a larger financial role in funding publicity for these elections and consider changing the method of election. Social implications The rationale for introducing PCCs was to empower the public in each police force area. However, issues that include the enhanced importance of political affiliation as a criteria for election in 2016 and the social unrepresentative nature of those who stood for election and those who secured election to this office in these contests coupled with shortcomings related to public awareness of both the role of PCCs and the timing of election contests threaten to undermine this objective. Originality/value The extensive use of primary source material ensures that the subject matter is original and its interpretation is informed by an academic perspective.

The role of organisational culture in enhancing the human capital applied study on the social security corporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdallah Mishael Obeidat ◽  
Shadi Habis Abualoush ◽  
Hani Jazza Irtaimeh ◽  
Aminah A. Khaddam ◽  
Khaled Adnan Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
The Social

Self-employed surfers, universal credit and the minimally decent life

Legal Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christopher Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The Self ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
The Government

Abstract As part of its response to Covid-19 the government paused the use of the ‘Minimum Income Floor’ (MIF), which restricts the Universal Credit (UC) entitlement of the self-employed. This paper places the MIF in the wider context of conditionality in the social security system and considers a judicial review which claimed that the MIF was discriminatory. The paper focuses on how UC affects the availability of real choices for low-income citizens to limit or escape from wage labour, with two implications of the move to UC highlighted. First, the overlooked labour decommodifying aspect of tax credits, which provided a minimum income guarantee and a genuine alternative to wage labour for people who self-designated as ‘self-employed’, even if their earnings were minimal or non-existent, has been removed. Secondly, UC has in some respects improved the position of low-paid wage labourers in ‘mini-jobs’, who are not subject to conditionality once they work for the equivalent of approximately nine hours a week on the minimum wage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document