scholarly journals Technical Regulation of Industrial Facilities’ Safety: Hazard Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Грановский ◽  
E. Granovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Technical Regulation ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Decisions

The problems of hazard identification in the structure of technological systems’ risk analysis are considered. Various methods of brainstorming used in the danger analysis are presented. It has been demonstrated that HAZOP investigation is the most structured brainstorming method for identification of system hazards. Roles, tasks and requirements for expert group’s leader and participants are considered. It has been demonstrated that experts’ competence needed for the hazard analysis does not meet the requirements to the competence for qualitative risk assessment. Decisions needed to achieve sufficient system safety must be taken after a quantitative risk assessment.

scholarly journals Preliminary System Safety Hazard Analysis of a Transport Helicopter SHM System

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Sławomir Klimaszewski ◽  
Krzysztof Sajda ◽  
Sergiusz Szawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Risk Acceptance ◽  
Acceptance Levels ◽  
Risk Assessment Methodology

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide the Mi-8/17 helicopter Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) System Preliminary System Safety Hazard Analysis (PSSHA). The PSSHA identifies and classifies potential hazards, and the actions necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks resulting from the installation and operation of SHM System on board of the helicopter. The overall objective of the PSSHA is to establish that the potential Mi 8/17 helicopter modification does not introduce unacceptable hazard conditions to both the helicopter and personnel. The MIL-STD-882 risk assessment methodology is applied to assess hazards and risk acceptance levels for both hardware and software elements of the SHM system.

Applying the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to Improve Safety Management of Oil and Gas Pipeline Stations in China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxing Feng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Xiang ◽  
Guangming Jia ◽  
Lianshuang Dai ◽  
Yulei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Oil Pipeline

The oil and gas pipeline companies in China are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges because of China’s increasing demand for oil and gas energy that is attributed to rapid economic and social development. Limitation of land resource and the fast urbanization lead to a determinate result that many pipelines have to go through or be adjacent to highly populated areas such as cities or towns. The increasing Chinese government regulation, and public concerns about industrial safety and environmental protection push the pipeline companies to enhance the safety, health and environmental protection management. In recent years, PetroChina Pipeline Company (PPC) pays a lot of attention and effort to improve employees and public safety around the pipeline facilities. A comprehensive, integrated HSE management system is continuously improved and effectively implemented in PPC. PPC conducts hazard identification, risk assessment, risk control and mitigation, risk monitoring. For the oil and gas stations in highly populated area or with numerous employees, PPC carries out quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to evaluate and manage the population risk. To make the assessment, “Guidelines for quantitative risk assessments” (purple book) published by Committee for the Prevention of Disasters of Netherlands is used along with a software package. The basic principles, process, and methods of QRA technology are introduced in this article. The process is to identify the station hazards, determinate the failure scenarios of the facilities, estimate the possibilities of leakage failures, calculate the consequences of failures and damages to population, demonstrate the individual risk and social risk, and evaluate whether the risk is acceptable. The process may involve the mathematical modeling of fluid and gas spill, dispersion, fire and explosion. One QRA case in an oil pipeline station is described in this article to illustrate the application process and discuss several key issues in the assessment. Using QRA technique, about 20 stations have been evaluated in PPC. On the basis of the results, managers have taken prevention and mitigation plans to control the risk. QRAs in the pipeline station can provide a quantitative basis and valuable reference for the company’s decision-making and land use planning. Also, QRA can play a role to make a better relationship between the pipeline companies and the local regulator and public. Finally, this article delivers limitations of QRA in Chinese pipeline stations and discusses issues of the solutions.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Quantitative Human Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Using Integrated Satellite–UAV–Ground Survey Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4496
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Yunhong Lv ◽  
Haiben Yang ◽  
Yingyue Han ◽  
Jingyu Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Risk ◽  
Ground Survey

Landfills are the dominant method of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in many developing countries, which are extremely susceptible to failure under circumstances of high pore water pressure and insufficient compaction. Catastrophic landfill failures have occurred worldwide, causing large numbers of fatalities. Tianziling landfill, one of the largest engineered sanitary landfills in China, has experienced massive deformation since January 2020, making early identification and monitoring of great significance for the purpose of risk management. The human risk posed by potential landfill failures also needs to be quantitatively evaluated. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, and ground measurements were combined to obtain landfill deformation data in this study. The integrated satellite–UAV–ground survey (ISUGS) approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of landfill deformation and evolution. The deformation characteristics obtained using the InSAR technique and UAV photogrammetry were analyzed and compared. A close relationship between the most severe mobility events, precipitation episodes, and was observed. Based on early hazard identification using ISUGS, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) method and F-N curves were proposed, which can be applied to landfills. The comparison showed that ISUGS allowed a better understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the landfill and more accurate QRA results, which could be as references for local governments to take effective precautions.

scholarly journals Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dengan Metode Hazard Analysis (Studi Kasus pada Proyek Pembangunan Perumahan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nidya Wisudawati ◽  
Rurry Patradhiani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Risk Level

Risiko kecelakaan kerja merupahal hal yang tak dapat dihindari dari kegiatan proyek pembangunan. PT Gran Anugerah Wijaya merupakan pengusaha pengembang perumahan yang sedang mengerjakan proyek pembangunanan 58 unit rumah tipe 36 yang berlokasi di daerah Palembang. Dari hasil pengamatan lapangan, alur proses pembangunan rumah yang dikerjakan meliputi pemasangan pondasi, pemasangan dinding, pemasangan kusen kayu, pemasangan rangka atap dan finishing. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment dan Risk Control telah dilakukan dlaam penelitian ini. Hasil yang didapat bahwa terdapat 27 potensi risiko dengan risk level diantara rendah hinggi tinggi. Pengendalian risiko yang bisa dilakaukan untuk mengurangi bahaya kerja terhadap karyawan bangunan diantaranya substitusi, administrasi dan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD).

Risk Assessment and Child Health

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Samet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Risk assessment, an approach for organizing information about hazards to health, safety, and the environment, provides a framework for gauging the threat to child health from environmental pollutants. A qualitative risk assessment has 4 components: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. In a risk assessment, consideration can be given to a population group that potentially has increased susceptibility, whether arising from having a high level of exposure or from increased susceptibility to the agent of concern on a biological basis. Children have been proposed as being at increased risk from some environmental agents, and there has long been concern and debate that the current approach of determining acceptable exposure levels or intake for a person may not yield safe intake limits for infants and children, who may be placed at greater risk than adults because of exposure patterns and inherent susceptibility. The persistence of debate on this critical public health issue reflects, in part, the difficulty of developing sufficiently sensitive and validated animal bioassays for critical outcomes. Epidemiologic studies can play only a limited role, given the complexity of establishing cohorts and tracking exposures from conception forward to assess risks across the lifespan. Meeting society’s call for healthy environments for children poses an extraordinary challenge to researchers and to the policy makers who seek to develop evidence-based policies to protect children.

Propagation and Delegation of Rights in Access Controls and Risk Assessment Techniques

2007 ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Saravanan Muthaiyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Access Rights

Access control methods have been improvised over time, but one area that remains quite grey is the concept of assessing risk levels before any type of access rights are granted. This is relatively a new paradigm in the research of semantic Web security, and new methodologies for this effort are being studied. In this chapter, we will see how qualitative risk assessment (Nissanke & Khayat, 2004) and quantitative risk assessment are carried out. The purpose is to have different methods of assessment for better grant of access control rights and permissions. New examples based on the model described (Nissanke & Khayat, 2004) are used to illustrate the concept. A new quantities technique is also added to complement the qualitative techniques.

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Viral Contamination of Shellfish and Coastal Waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN B. ROSE ◽  
MARK D. SOBSEY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Viral Contamination

Human pathogenic viruses have been detected from approved shellfish harvesting waters based on the fecal coliform indicator. Until recently it was difficult to assess viral contamination and the potential impact on public health. Risk assessment is a valuable tool which can be used to estimate adverse effects associated with microbial hazards. This report describes the use of quantitative risk assessment for evaluating potential human health impacts associated with exposure to viral contamination of shellfish. The four fundamental steps used in a formal risk assessment are described within and include i) Hazard identification, ii) Dose-response determination, iii) Exposure assessment, and iv) Risk characterization. Dose-response models developed from human feeding studies were used to evaluate the risk of infection from contaminated shellfish. Of 58 pooled samples, 19% were found to be positive for viruses. Using an echovirus-12 probability model, the individual risk was determined for consumption of 60 g of raw shellfish. Individual risks ranged from 2.2 × 10−4 to 3.5 × 10−2. These data suggest that individuals consuming raw shellfish from approved waters in the United States may have on the average a 1 in 100 chance of becoming infected with an enteric virus. Using the rotavirus model which represents a more infectious virus, the risk rose to 5 in 10. The potential for use of a risk assessment approach for developing priorities and strategies for control of disease is immense. Epidemiological data have demonstrated the significance of shellfish-associated viral disease and, although limited, appropriate virus occurrence data are available. Additional information on virus occurrence and exposure is needed, and then scientific risk assessment can be used to better assure the safety of seafood.

Potential Application of Risk Assessment Techniques to Microbiological Issues Related to International Trade in Food and Food Products

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Assessment Techniques

One of the components of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Sanitary and Phytosanitary agreement that will have far-reaching effects on International trade in foods and food products is the requirement for countries to provide risk assessments as part of the process of resolving disputes that involve food safety issues. Risk assessment is a means of evaluating the likelihood and impact of hazards. It provides a framework for systematically considering available data, providing rationales for assumptions, and identifying areas where additional information is needed. While the application of quantitative risk assessment techniques to microbial food safety has been limited, recent studies have increasingly demonstrated its feasibility. Quantitative risk assessment is particularly well suited for use with the hazard analysis critical control point and appears to have potential as an approach for comparing the equivalence of international food safety programs and inspection systems.

scholarly journals Determining the Risk Level of Heavy Rain Damage by Region in South Korea

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Jongsung Kim ◽  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Myungjin Lee ◽  
Heechan Han ◽  
Hung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
National Level ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Qualitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Regional Risk

For risk assessment, two methods, quantitative risk assessment and qualitative risk assessment, are used. In this study, we identified the regional risk level for a disaster-prevention plan for an overall area at the national level using qualitative risk assessment. To overcome the limitations of previous studies, a heavy rain damage risk index (HDRI) was proposed by clarifying the framework and using the indicator selection principle. Using historical damage data, we also carried out hierarchical cluster analysis to identify the major damage types that were not considered in previous risk-assessment studies. The result of the risk-level analysis revealed that risk levels are relatively high in some cities in South Korea where heavy rain damage occurs frequently or is severe. Five causes of damage were derived from this study—A: landslides, B: river inundation, C: poor drainage in arable areas, D: rapid water velocity, and E: inundation in urban lowlands. Finally, a prevention project was proposed considering regional risk level and damage type in this study. Our results can be used when macroscopically planning mid- to long-term disaster prevention projects.

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