scholarly journals Environmental Monitoring of Water Ecosystems Based on a New Microbiological Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мошарова ◽  
I. Mosharova ◽  
Ильинский ◽  
Vladimir Ilinskiy ◽  
Корсак ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Biomass Determination ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Water Ecosystems

One of water ecosystems’ main components is heterotrophic bacterial plankton, carrying out processes of organic substance destruction that provides water ecosystems self-cleaning. The tasks facing modern environmental monitoring of water ecosystems demand the account not only the total number and number of separate physiological groups of bacteria, but also determination of quantity for microorganisms which are actively functioning during this time period. Now it is obvious that the results of bacterial plankton number and biomass determination received by direct account’s traditional methods don’t reflect quantity of the microorganisms which are really functioning and participating in biogeochemical cycles. The methods allowing carry out such researches based on use of special fluorescent dyes which are used as biochemical markers of various physiological processes proceeding in a bacterial cage. Results for application of a method for accounting of bacterial cages with active metabolism for marine and fresh-water ecosystems’ environmental monitoring have been presented. This method has been applied at researches of the microbial population in river, lake, estuarial, shelf marine ecosystems, and also in deepwater sea hollows for the purpose of actively functioning bacteria’ number determination. Respiratory activity markers use has shown that only an insignificant share (generally from 0.1 to 30 %, and in some cases — to 90 % of cages in the bacterial plankton’s total number) possesses the active metabolism and provides processes of organic substance destruction in water ecosystems. The received results testify to prospects for application of this microbiological method within environmental monitoring of water ecosystems for accounting of the bacterial plankton possessing active metabolism.

Impact of Drought Stress on Forest Trees – A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Shephali Sachan ◽  
◽  
Avinash Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Dangerous Situation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is creating dangerous situation worldwide. The impact of stress is not only the deficiency of water but it also leads to the deficiency and losses of everything which are linked to the water resources directly or indirectly. Drought stress disturbs the normal biochemical, molecular and physiological processes, affecting the morphology of plant. As a result the plant is either unable to live on abrupt changes or learn to avoid/tolerate the variation in the environment. The results vary species to species depending on genotype, frequency and time period of drought stress. There is need of screening various tree species for getting information related to their ability and capacity level of susceptibility, tolerance and avoidance behaviour with the further goal of their plantation in the various nurseries in order to rehabilitate the drought prone areas, wastelands and to increase intangible and tangible benefits.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilisation in tropical pastures: what are the impacts of this practice?

2020 ◽  
pp. 978-984
Author(s):  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Ruminant Meat ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

It is estimated that approximately 47% of the world’s ruminant meat and milk is produced in tropical and subtropical regions, with pasture comprising the main food base of these animals. Nitrogen fertilisation is an essential practice for the maintenance of pasture productivity, considering that a deficiency of this nutrient is a primary factor in triggering pasture degradation. In addition to directly influencing the photochemical and biochemical phases of photosynthesis, nitrogen stimulates enzyme activity and the synthesis of enzymes responsible for fixing CO2 (Rubisco in C3 plants and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C4 plants), thus increasing the efficiency of atmospheric CO2 capture. All of these physiological processes are easily observed macroscopically in the characteristics of forage plants. This review examines the impact of nitrogen fertilisation in tropical pastures on the main components of production systems (soil, plants and animals), describes the results obtained in different situations and highlights the most efficient ways of producing meat without environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Carbonic Anhydrase Sensitivity to Pesticides: Perspectives for Biomarker Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3562
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Lionetto ◽  
Roberto Caricato ◽  
Maria Elena Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Environmental Medicine ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Occupational And Environmental Medicine

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a widespread metalloenzyme playing a pivotal role in several physiological processes. Many studies have demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of CA to the exposure to several classes of pesticides in both humans and wildlife. This review aims to analyze and to discuss the literature available in this field, providing a comprehensive view useful to foresee perspectives for the development of novel CA-based pesticide biomarkers. The analysis of the available data highlighted the ability of several pesticide molecules to interact directly with the enzyme in humans and wildlife and to inhibit CA activity in vitro and in vivo, with possible alterations of key physiological functions. The analysis disclosed key areas of further research and, at the same time, identified some perspectives for the development of novel CA-based sensitive biomarkers to pesticide exposure, suitable to be used in several fields from human biomonitoring in occupational and environmental medicine to environmental monitoring on non-target species.

Plasmin and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Vascular Remodeling

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (07) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Lijnen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell Migration ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Transplant Arteriosclerosis

SummaryVascular remodeling, defined as lasting structural changes in the vessel wall in response to hemodynamic stimuli, plays a role in many (patho)physiological processes requiring cell migration and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Two proteolytic systems, the fibrinolytic (plasminogen/plasmin) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) systems can degrade most ECM components. The availability of mice models with deficiency of main components of both systems has allowed to study their contribution to vascular remodeling in several biological processes. In mouse models of atherosclerosis, urokinase-mediated plasmin generation plays a role in activation of several macrophage-derived MMPs (MMP-3, -9, -12 and -13), triggering elastolysis and collagenolysis, resulting in media destruction and aneurysm formation. Neointima formation after vascular injury, a process that depends on smooth muscle cell migration, is reduced in mice with plasminogen or urokinase deficiency and enhanced in mice with deficiency of TIMP-1 (type 1 tissue inhibitor of MMPs). Also in allograft transplant arteriosclerosis and in abdominal aortic aneurysm both proteolytic systems contribute to matrix degradation. In a mouse model of myocardial infarction, urokinase deficiency protects totally and MMP-9 deficiency partially against cardiac rupture, but these animals suffer cardiac failure. Thus, the plasminogen/plasmin and MMP systems, in concert, contribute to vascular remodeling in the setting of cardiovascular disease.

Effects of long-distance migration on circulating lipids of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1822-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo J Magnoni ◽  
David A Patterson ◽  
Anthony P Farrell ◽  
Jean-Michel Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Main Components ◽  
A Minor

Lipids circulate as nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) or as triacylglycerol (TAG) associated with phospholipids (PLs), the two main components of lipoproteins. Changes in plasma lipid levels of migrating salmon were anticipated in response to the combined demands of exercise and osmoregulation. Circulating NEFAs, TAG, and PLs were measured in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at different stages of their 500 km migration up the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada). We found that NEFAs represent <7% of total plasma fatty acids (FAs) and show only a minor decrease during migration. In contrast, lipoproteins account for >93% of all the energy of circulating lipids, and concentrations of their main constituents show 27-fold (TAG) and 6-fold (PLs) decreases. The most pronounced change in FA composition of plasma lipids was found in the sample immediately after freshwater transition, with an increase in TAG eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and a decrease in TAG palmitic acid (16:0). Lipoproteins are therefore involved in key physiological processes necessary for successful spawning. Previous investigations of lipid metabolism in swimming salmon have focused on plasma NEFAs, but this study shows that shifting attention to lipoproteins should prove more fruitful for future studies of migration energetics.

scholarly journals Helical Disposition of Proteins and Lipopolysaccharide in the Outer Membrane of Escherichia coli

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 1913-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindya S. Ghosh ◽  
Kevin D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Side Walls

ABSTRACT In bacteria, several physiological processes once thought to be the products of uniformly dispersed reactions are now known to be highly asymmetric, with some exhibiting interesting geometric localizations. In particular, the cell envelope of Escherichia coli displays a form of subcellular differentiation in which peptidoglycan and outer membrane proteins at the cell poles remain stable for generations while material in the lateral walls is diluted by growth and turnover. To determine if material in the side walls was organized in any way, we labeled outer membrane proteins with succinimidyl ester-linked fluorescent dyes and then grew the stained cells in the absence of dye. Labeled proteins were not evenly dispersed in the envelope but instead appeared as helical ribbons that wrapped around the outside of the cell. By staining the O8 surface antigen of E. coli 2443 with a fluorescent derivative of concanavalin A, we observed a similar helical organization for the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of the outer membrane. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching indicated that some of the outer membrane proteins remained freely diffusible in the side walls and could also diffuse into polar domains. On the other hand, the LPS O antigen was virtually immobile. Thus, the outer membrane of E. coli has a defined in vivo organization in which a subfraction of proteins and LPS are embedded in stable domains at the poles and along one or more helical ribbons that span the length of this gram-negative rod.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of the balance and synoptic methods of determination of the assimilation volume of water ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
H. H. Asadov ◽  
S. A. Askerova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

The assimilation capacity of sea waters is known to be defined as a maximum dynamic volume of such content of pollutants which can be accumulated, destructed, transformed and excluded out of the limits of the ecosystem during a curtain time period if normal condition functioning of the ecosystem is not disturbed. The paper focuses on comparative analysis of assimilation capacity calculated using balance and synoptic methods. Geometrical representation of the compared methods in 3-D space {Т, V, C} is suggested, where T is time interval, V is water mass volume, C is concentration of pollutants. Quantitative correlation between two considered values of assimilation capacity is given. The results obtained are applied for some areas of coastal northern zones of Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea. It is shown that in winter season the value of assimilation capacity calculated using synoptic method is somewhat lower in comparison with the same parameter calculated by balance method and equal to 0.6–0.8 share of the latter. Such a result can be considered as much better in comparison with the known results where the difference reaches one order.

scholarly journals PROMOTION OF UKRAINE’S CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN THE EU

Politologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Nataliya Pipchenko ◽  
Taras Moskalenko
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
European Forum ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

The paper provides an overview of existing research on Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy and sets the framework for further research. In other sections, the gathered practical insights about Ukraine’s cultural activity abroad and in the EU can be applied to the development of a new approach to the promotion of national interests and the examination of their impact on the current state of regional cooperation. The main time period covered in this study is the time after 2014, when Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the EU. The paper uses a descriptive and interpretative approach, which is based on the review of previous research, as well as documentary and institutional analysis. It was found that the promotion of Ukrainian cultural products contributes to the deepening of the state’s integration into Europe and the developing of political, economic and civic relations between Ukraine and other countries of the region. The most important purpose of cultural activities approaching Ukraine to Europe is the prudent and consistent strategy of integrating the state in the European information space and the spread of positive information about Ukraine in European media. The research of the promotion of Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy in the EU made it possible to determine that the state’s perception by the European community is formed under the influence of several factors, in particular, national, tourist, social, political as well as economic. The paper draws conclusions about the main com­ponents of Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy strategy in the EU, which can be an area for further research. As a result of this, the main components of Ukraine’s cultural diplomacy strategy in the EU may be the explanation of Ukraine’s historic heritage, cultural and religious contacts with the European countries; communication with the international community about the great historic, cultural and religious heritage of Ukraine, unique travel opportunities and security; support of the famous European artists visits to Ukraine; the participation of Ukrainian artists in European art events; the attraction of the audience to using Ukrainian art products; the establishment of a joint Ukrainian-European forum on sensitive historic events to explain their historic background.

scholarly journals Plant of the Millennium, Caper (Capparis spinosa L.), chemical composition and medicinal uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian ◽  
Wenli Sun ◽  
Qi Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Medicine ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Background Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a common member of the genus Capparis, which is a perennial shrub and thorny, and a common aromatic plant in many parts of the world, especially the Mediterranean regions. Main body The aim of this mini-review was to outline the most significant health benefits of caper in both traditional and modern pharmaceutical medicine. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Research Gate, and Google Scholar with emphasis on Science Direct and Scopus have been used. A review of literature was carried out using the keywords caper, Capparis spinosa, health benefits, pharmaceutical benefits, natural products, and caper bush. During the writing of the review, the time period in which the papers were published had not been selected since the focus was on significant researched selected for the areas covered in this mini-review. The main components of its aerial parts are cappariloside A, stachydrin, hypoxanthine, uracil, capparine A, capparine B, flazin, guanosine, 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, kaempferol, thevetiaflavone, tetrahydroquinoline, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-rhamnorutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, sakuranetin and glucocapparin in aerial parts. The main components of root are capparispine, cadabicine 26-O-β-D-glucoside, capparispine 26-O-β-D-glucoside, and stachydrine, seeds contain glucocapparin. Traditional application of caper is for treatment of headache, fever, convulsions, diabetes, toothache, menstruation, skin disease, kidney disease, liver disease, rheumatism, ulcers, hemorrhoids and sciatica. Fruit and leaves have anti-diabetic effects, fruits have anti-obesity, cholesterol-lowering and anti-hypertensive effects, roots, fruits, stem barks and shoots have antimicrobial effects, leaves, roots and fruits contain anti-inflammatory activity, and aerial parts have antihepatotoxic effects. Conclusion On the basis of phytochemical advantages and pharmacological benefits, caper shows its importance as one of the most notable medicinal plant for prevention and treatment of various diseases, however, more researches are need on the usage of caper, especially in modern pharmaceutical science.

scholarly journals Use of odontotropic material in treatment of traumatic pulpitis in experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
I.V. Kovach  ◽  
O.V. Kopchak ◽  
E.N. Dychko ◽  
Kh.A. Buniatian ◽  
Yu.V. Khotimska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
The State ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Short Time

The problem of diagnosis and effective treatment of one of the most common complications of dental caries, such as pulpitis, including pediatric patients, is still quite relevant at the present time. Considering anatomy-physiological and age-related features of temporary and permanent teeth in children, the rapid and aggressive course of the carious process in poorly mineralized hard tissues due to the untimely and incomplete “maturation” of them, it is beyond any doubts that scientists and practitioners involved in pediatric dentistry deal with such complications in the clinic much more often than when dealing with adults. A particularly risky group are those who develop decompensated caries, according to classification by T.F. Vinogradova. Therefore, the search for more advanced methods of diagnosis and treatment of both acute and chronic inflammation of pulp, especially with the preservation of its viability, is logical and relevant in modern dentistry. Existing methods for the biological treatment of pulpitis have their positive aspects, but possible complications up to necrosis or pulp gangrene in remote terms indicate the need for improvement both the choice of a more effective method with clear indications for its use, and the technology and material of odontotropic direction. The aim of the work was to study the results of treatment of pulpitis in experimental animals by using tricalcium silicate cement for its further application in the clinic. An experimental study was conducted on 18 animals (9-month-old male rabbits, Dutch breed) in vivarium setting to obtain information on the morphogenetic mechanisms of regeneration of living tissues and cells of dental pulp in which traumatic pulpitis was induced artificially. By the nature of odontotropic material, four groups of experimental animals were divided into: group I (control) – traumatic pulpitis was treated without special odontotropic paste, group II - treatment of pulpitis with material based on calcium hydroxide, group III - material with trioxide aggregate, group IV - material with tricalcium silicate. Every two, four, and six weeks from the moment the animals were introduced into the experiment, the damaged teeth were removed and treated in a certain way and, after special treatment, were amenable to histological examination. In the pulp tissue, the state of its main components was studied: stroma, cellular elements and blood vessels of the microvasculature. After excretion of animals from the experiment on the 2nd and 6th weeks tissues of tooth were fixed in 10% formalin. Fixed in formalin tissue has been routine proceeding after decalcification in acetic acid with making histological slides which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), according to van Gieson, Mallory, PAS-reaction was performed.  The slides were studied with the microscope “Olympus BX-41” and followed interpretation by “Olympus DP-soft version 3.2”, which was used for morphometric study. Statistical comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis. The accepted level of significance was p<0.05. Studying the state of the pulp in the phase of acute traumatic pulpitis in dynamic observation for a month and half period, at the end of the second, fourth and sixth week the possibility of a stable restoration of the viability of the pulp as well as all its components was clearly proven. If at the beginning of a morphological study, pulp injury was accompanied by clear signs of aseptic inflammation, both cellular, vascular and stromal formations, then after a month and a half there were signs of a clear restoration of pulp viability in the biological treatment of artificial pulpitis of the second, third and fourth study groups. The most significant dynamic signs of microscopic formations of the pulp were noted in animals of the forth study group treated with odontotropic paste with tricalcium silicate. The ability of this paste to complete tissue restoration in a short time period was provn. Therefore, it should be noted that artificially induced pulpitis in experimental animals is accompanied by significant breakages in the viability of the main components of pulp tissue, such as stromal fibers, microvasculature vessels and cellular elements. Filling and odontotropic materials in pastes for capping of the damaged pulp, such as calcium hydroxide, trioxide aggregate and tricalcium silicate, have full potential for restoring the viability of injured pulp, but with varying degree of effectiveness. According to histological research, biological material with tricalcium silicate is the most effective one for restoration of the pulp in a short time period.

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