Nucleoside-diphosphatase of cestode Bothriocephalus scorpii (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532
Author(s):  
Буренина ◽  
E. Burenina
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphatase ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Objective of research: To study the activities and properties of nucleoside- diphosphatase (NDPase) in cestode Bothriocephalus scorpii. Materials and methods: Cestodes were homogenized with 10 vol. of extraction medium. NDPase was detected in mitochondria and microsomes with substrates (IDP, GDP, UDP). Inorganic phosphorus was determined by the method of Kochetov (1980). The effects of 10 anthelmintic drugs on the activity of NDPase were studied. Results and discussion: It was found that the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of cestodes B. scorpii have nucleoside diphosphatase activity. The activity of nucleoside diphosphatase depends on substrates and Mg2+ ions. The impact of various effectors and ions (Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+) on enzyme activity was determined. Effects of 10 anthelmintic drugs on activity of nucleoside diphosphatase were studied. The anthelmintics Bitionol and Trichlorophen have been proved effective.

scholarly journals 17Α-METHYLTESTOSTERONE (ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS) ALTERS ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BRAIN IN FEMALE MICE, MUS MUSCULUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Sachin B Patil ◽  
Laxmi S Inamdar
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Neuronal Transmission ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

Aim: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. Androgens and anabolic steroids have been used for therapeutic purpose with few exceptions. However, the abuse of AAS is a remarkably prevalent problem, particularly among athletes and adolescents. Supraphysiological doses of AAS exert profound effects on mental state and behaviors such as depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, and cognitive deterioration.Objective: In the present investigation, we studied the impact of one of the AAS compounds, i.e., 17α-methyltestosterone on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in different brain parts of mice, namely, forebrain, hippocampus, midbrain, and hindbrain.Methods: The adult female mice were assigned to four experimental groups to which different doses of 17α-MT (0.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bwt, respectively) were administrated s.c. for 30 days. A significant increase in AChE activity in forebrain and midbrain (low and medium dose treatment) suggests a reduction of cholinergic neurotransmission efficiency due to decrease in acetylcholine levels in trans-synaptic cleft. Further, concurrent reduction in AChE activity was observed in whole brain, hippocampus, and hindbrain of 17α-MT-treated mice suggests the impairment in neuronal transmission. Since the regulation of cholinergic system through acetylcholine hydrolysis has been largely attributed to AChE activity, a significant reduction in its activity may lead to stress-related anxiety, memory loss with some cognitive and behavioral aspects in the mice.Conclusion: Based on the observed results, we propose that 17α-MT, an alkylated steroid compound, has a negative impact on AChE enzyme activity in different parts of mice brain, leading to impairment in neuronal transmission.

scholarly journals Effect of moisture stress on leaf protein, proline, peroxidise activity and yield in released and pre-released genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
H.Y. Patil ◽  
Pooja ◽  
V.P. Chimmad
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Leaf Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
The Impact

The performance of crops need to be assessed for their production under erratic rain fall pattern, increased temperatures, and enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration. In the present study groundnut was chosen as test crop and selected genotypes [four released (GPBD-4, G2-52, Dh-86 and TMV-2) and four pre-released (Dh-245, Dh-232, Dh-256 and Dh-257)] were studied to quantify the impact of moisture deficit stress at critical growth stages i.e., 40 to 80 DAS and 80 DAS to harvest. Leaf protein and proline increases in tolerant genotypes at higher moisture stress levels than susceptible genotypes as they acts as osmolytes and maintains the turgidity of the cell and hence, checks the water loss and peroxidase enzyme activity which in turn scavenges ROS produced due to stress as a result there was reduction in yield. The genotypes, GPBD-4, Dh-257 and Dh-256 recorded higher per cent increase in leaf soluble protein, leaf proline and peroxidase enzyme activity at all the stages. Increase was higher at 80 DAS to harvest stressed plants than 40 to 80 DAS stressed plants.

Acute Effects of an Inorganic Phosphorus Additive on Mineral Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Volk ◽  
Benjamin Schmidt ◽  
Corinna Brandsch ◽  
Tabea Kurze ◽  
Ulf Schlegelmilch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Hyperphosphatemia and high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney diseases. However, the impact of an inorganic phosphorus additive in healthy people is largely unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the acute effect of excessive dietary phosphorus administered as sodium dihydrogen phosphate on the postprandial levels of Pi and FGF23 and the response to food. Methods This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with 29 healthy male and female participants from the general community who were administered a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus (NaH2PO4) or a sodium-adjusted placebo in combination with a test meal. Postprandial plasma levels of Pi and FGF23 were measured. Results Compared with placebo, oral phosphorus increased the plasma Pi level, which remained elevated during the ensuing 8 hours (at 480 minutes: 1.31 vs 1.16 mmol/l; P < 0.001), increased urinary Pi (iAUC0-480 789 vs 95 mmol/mmol; P < 0.001), reduced tubular Pi reabsorption (iAUC0-480 −31.5 vs −6.2; P < 0.001), decreased urinary calcium (iAUC0-240 30.6 vs 53.0 mmol/mmol; P = 0.009), and stimulated the release of parathyroid hormone (iAUC0-480 2212 vs 768 ng/l; P < 0.001). However, the FGF23 levels did not change. Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids were not substantially affected by phosphorus vs placebo. Conclusion An oral phosphorus load can induce elevated postprandial levels of circulating Pi for hours in healthy subjects, despite rapid homeostatic counterreactions. FGF23 levels and the postprandial response to food were not affected.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Diet Containing Sucrose and Systematically Repeated Starvation on the Oxidative Status of the Uterus and Ovary of Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sadowska ◽  
Wioleta Dudzińska ◽  
Ewa Skotnicka ◽  
Katarzyna Sielatycka ◽  
Izabela Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Fertility Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Implantation

The effect of a sucrose diet and repeated one-day starvation on oxidative status in the ovary and uterus is still unknown. Our analysis focused on carbohydrate-lipid metabolism parameters and the changes in red blood cells, ovary and uterus superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malonylodialdehyde (MDA) concentration in rats fed with a diet containing 16% of sucrose and subjected to systematic one-day starvation when using such a diet. It was found that a diet with 16% sucrose contributed to the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood (GPx and CAT) and uterus (SOD), without changes in MDA concentrations, which indicates an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration in these tissues, being balanced by an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. The introduction of a regular one-day starvation period into the diet intensified oxidative stress and led to a redox imbalance in the reproductive tissues of female rats. This was manifested by higher GPx activity, lower CAT activity and higher MDA concentration in the uterus and lower GPx and CAT activities and lower MDA concentration in the ovaries. The observed changes may be the cause of fertility disorders and possible problems with fertilised egg cell implantation into the uterine tissue.

scholarly journals Activity corrections are required for accurate anaerobic digestion modelling

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 2057-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Patón ◽  
Rebeca González-Cabaleiro ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Sulfide Inhibition ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact on the prediction of key process variables in anaerobic digestion (AD) when activity corrections are neglected (e.g. when ideal solution is assumed) is evaluated in this paper. The magnitude of deviations incurred in key variables was quantified using a generalised physicochemistry modelling framework that incorporates activity corrections. Deviations incurred on the intermediate and partial alkalinity ratio (a key control variable in AD) already reach values over 20% in typical AD scenarios at low ionic strengths. Deviations of moderate importance (∼5%) in free ammonia, hydrogen sulfide inhibition, as well as in the biogas composition, were observed. Those errors become very large for components involving multiple deprotonations, such as inorganic phosphorus, and their magnitude (∼40%) would impede proper precipitation modelling. A dynamic AD case simulation involving a series of overloads showed model underpredictions of the process acidification when activity corrections are neglected. This compromises control actions based on such models. Based on these results, a systematic incorporation of activity corrections in AD models is strongly recommended. This will prevent model overfitting to observations related to inaccurate physicochemistry modelling, at a marginal computational cost. Alternatives for these implementations are also discussed.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Distribution of Organic Phosphorus Fractions in the Surface Sediments of the Inflow Rivers around Hongze Lake, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wan ◽  
Xuyin Yuan ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Hongmeng Ye ◽  
Xiaofan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Risk Effects ◽  
Hongze Lake ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the characteristics and distribution of the organic phosphorus (Po) fractions in the surface sediments of seven inflow rivers around Hongze Lake in China were analyzed with a soil Po fraction method, as used by Ivanoff. The relationships between the Po fractions and physiochemical features of sediments were also discussed. The results showed that, the sediments of the rivers had been moderately pollution with certain ecological risk effects except the Waste Yellow River. The relative contribution order of the Po fractions in the sediments was residual Po > HCl-Po > fulvic acid-Po > humic acid-Po > labile organic phosphorus (LOP). Moderately labile organic phosphorus (MLOP) was the main part of the Po forms in the whole sediments. The risk of phosphorus released from river sediments was the highest in the western region, followed by the southwestern region, and finally the northwestern region. There were significant correlations between Po forms and total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and Po. Non labile organic phosphorus (NLOP) had the strongest correlation with TP. The distribution of Po forms in each region was different due to the impact of human activities, industrial and agricultural production and the land types; the heaver polluted sediments with higher Po fractions. It is suggested that most of the sediments of the inflow rivers in the regions have certain ecological risk effects and P of them have an important contributions on the eutrophication of Hongze Lake. Po forms can provide a reliable theoretical basis for dealing with the change of water quality and should be paid more attention in the lake eutrophication investigation. There was reciprocal transformation between different Po forms, especially non-bioavailable fraction can change into bio-available ones. The results can provide a basis for the earth cycle of phosphorus and a new perspective of eutrophication control of shallow lakes.

scholarly journals Physical and metabolic alterations in "Prata Anã" banana induced by mechanical damage at room temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Martins Maia ◽  
Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão ◽  
Dalmo Lopes Siqueira ◽  
Rolf Puschman ◽  
Virgílio Jamir Gonçalves Mota Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
The Impact

Bananas respond at the physical and physiological level to mechanical damage. Mechanical injuries cause alterations in color and flavor, tissue softening, faster ripening, increased weight loss, increased invasion of microorganisms, and higher enzyme activity in the affected area. The purpose of this study was to verify the physical and metabolic alterations in 'Prata Anã' bananas induced by mechanical stress at room temperature. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized, split-plot in time design, consisting of one control and four mechanical injury types: cutting, abrasion, impact and compression, sampled over time. The percentage of accumulated and daily fresh weight loss, electrolyte leakage from the injured peel region, total soluble sugar and starch contents and enzyme activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase were measured. The damage caused by cutting and abrasion resulted in the highest percentage of fresh weight loss. All types of mechanical damage increased electrolyte leakage during the evaluation period, in comparison with the control. The impact damage anticipated the ripening, besides affecting the conversion of starch into total soluble sugars in the pulp. By impact and abrasion injuries, the polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity in the peel was increased by up to 231% and 90%, and 618% and 956%, respectively, compared to the control.

scholarly journals Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Suspended Solids: A Case Study of Lihu Lake, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialu Li ◽  
Qiting Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Suspended solids are an important part of lake ecosystems, and their nitrogen and phosphorus contents have a significant effect on water quality. However, information on nitrogen and phosphorus forms in suspended solids remains limited. Therefore, a case study was conducted in Lihu Lake (China), a lake with characteristically high amounts of suspended solids. Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation in suspended solids was analyzed through a sequential extraction method. We also evaluated the sources of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and their different effects on eutrophication. The total nitrogen (TN) content was 758.9–3098.1 mg/kg. Moreover, the proportions of various N forms in the suspended solids of the study areas were ranked as follows: Hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN) > residual nitrogen (RN) > exchangeable nitrogen (EN). Total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 294.8 to 1066.4 mg/kg, and 58.6% of this TP was inorganic phosphorus (IP). In turn, calcium (Ca)-bound inorganic phosphorus (Ca-Pi) was the main component of IP. The correlation between various nitrogen and phosphorus forms showed that there were different sources of suspended nitrogen and phosphorus throughout Lihu Lake. Correlation analysis of water quality indices and comparative analysis with surface sediments showed that in Lihu Lake, the dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water were influenced by sediment through diffusion, while particle phosphorus content in water was influenced by suspended solids through adsorption; however, due to the higher phosphorus contents in suspended solids, we should pay more attention to the impact of suspended solids.

scholarly journals ε-Polylysine Inhibits Shewanella putrefaciens with Membrane Disruption and Cell Damage

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing LAN ◽  
Nannan ZHANG ◽  
Shucheng LIU ◽  
Mengling CHEN ◽  
Jing XIE
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Shewanella Putrefaciens ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
The Impact

ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) was studied for the growth inhibition of Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was measured by the broth dilution method, while the membrane permeability and metabolism of S. putrefaciens were assessed after ε-PL treatment. Additionally, growth curves, the content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), the electrical conductivity (EC), the UV absorbance and scanning electron microscope (SEM) data were used to study cellular morphology. The impact of ε-PL on cell metabolism was also investigated by different methods, such as enzyme activity (peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], succinodehydrogenase [SDH] and malic dehydrogenase [MDH]) and cell metabolic activity. The results showed that the MIC of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was 1.0 mg/mL. When S. putrefaciens was treated with ε-PL, the growth of the bacteria was inhibited and the AKP content, electrical conductivity and UV absorbance were increased, which demonstrated that ε-PL could damage the cell structure. The enzyme activities of POD, CAT, SDH, and MDH in the bacterial solution with ε-PL were decreased compared to those in the ordinary bacterial solution. As the concentration of ε-PL was increased, the enzyme activity decreased further. The respiratory activity of S. putrefaciens was also inhibited by ε-PL. The results suggest that ε-PL acts on the cell membrane of S. putrefaciens, thereby increasing membrane permeability and inhibiting enzyme activity in relation to respiratory metabolism and cell metabolism. This leads to inhibition of cell growth, and eventually cell death.

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