scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LATENT CRIME IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Виталий Квашис ◽  
Vitaliy Kvashis
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Crime Analysis ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Significant Block ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Official Data ◽  
Comparative Nature

The article considers the problems of Russian and foreign practice of crime registration, its nature, situation with the latent crime and the methodology of the latency calculation. Latency study is one of the areas of crime analysis, with the ultimate goal of improving the law enforcement practice. The comparative nature of this analysis enriches the content of scientific knowledge about these processes and its practical significance. Thus, it is forced to consider that the comparison of statistics of different countries is related to certain limitations, because different legal systems have different understanding of a number of crimes; in addition the specificity of the crime metering in the national statistics has some effects (hence the range of indicators and their comparability). Official data largely do not coincide with the actual crime. There is a significant layer of latency between them. It is hidden and concealed crimes which can not be metered properly. Its magnitude is influenced by many factors, without which it is impossible to give a reasonable assessment and forecast of the situation. In most developed countries the overall level of latency is much lower than in Russia; if it grows it is mainly due to the growth of the «natural» latency, when the population report to the police only about serious crimes. The data on latency in the UK, USA and Japan confirms it. In Russia, a higher latency is mainly related to a significant block of crimes covered up from the metering. So the real crimes are much more than registered crimes. As a result, we have unreal pattern, we have a construction created by the practice of registration and official statistics. The source of this vicious practice can be found in inappropriate criteria of efficiency of activity of internal affairs bodies.

Foreign experience of judicial control over the enforcement of decisions in civil judiciary

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Ihor Zhukevych
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Civil Process ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Logical Semantic

Purpose. The aim of the work is to analyze judicial control over the implementation of decisions in civil proceedings of foreign countries, to identify the mechanism of judicial control over the implementation of decisions in civil proceedings, to determine the most effective measures to implement foreign judicial control in civil proceedings of Ukraine. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of existing scientific and theoretical material of judicial control in foreign countries and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations for its further practical implementation in civil proceedings in Ukraine. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical-normative. Results. In the course of the study it was recognized that judicial control in Ukraine is applied only in the case of appeals against decisions, acts and omissions of executors. Despite its formal consolidation, it will be effective in the case of the introduction of a real mechanism of its application, taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research it was established that updating of theoretical and methodological bases of introduction of judicial control over execution of decisions in civil proceedings of Ukraine should take into account positive foreign experience of its functioning in the following countries: England, USA, Poland, Germany, France. decisions are an integral part of the activities of the judiciary. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking and law enforcement activities during the judicial control in the civil process of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Regulatory framework for the fight against corruption in the National Police of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (68) ◽  
pp. 682-695
Author(s):  
Vasylevych Vitalii ◽  
Mozol Stanislav ◽  
Poklonskyi Andrii ◽  
Poklonska Olena ◽  
Zeleniak Polina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Logical System ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
National Police

The objective of the article is to analyze the main international regulations on overcoming corruption in the police, as well as the laws of Ukraine aimed at combating this phenomenon in the National Police. The theme of the study is the analysis of the legal framework for combating corruption in the police. The research methodology includes the following general and special legal methods: dialectical, logical, system-legal, normative-dogmatic, comparative-legal, and legal modeling method. The results of the investigation indicate the most effective means of combating corruption in the police of the most developed countries. By way of conclusion and with practical significance, Ukrainian anti-corruption legislation against police officers has been shown to be repressive, so it cannot be effective without measures to encourage law-abiding behaviour and the sense of anti-corruption of law enforcement officers. Emphasis is placed on the need to take measures to encourage the anti-corruption behaviour of police officers and to enshrine these provisions in relevant regulations.

The current state of the legislative implementation of criminal law policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ostrohliad
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
Current State ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Legal Technology ◽  
Logical Semantic

Purpose. The aim of the work is to consider the novelties of the legislative work, which provide for the concept and classification of criminal offenses in accordance with the current edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the draft of the new Code developed by the working group and put up for public discussion. Point out the gaps in the current legislation and the need to revise individual rules of the project in this aspect. The methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative-historical. Results In the course of the study, it was determined that despite the fact that the amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine came into force in July of this year, their perfection, in terms of legal technology, raises many objections. On the basis of a comparative study, it was determined that the Draft Criminal Code of Ukraine needs further revision taking into account the opinions of experts in the process of public discussion. Originality. In the course of the study, it was established that the classification of criminal offenses proposed in the new edition of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not stand up to criticism, since other elements of the classification appear in subsequent articles, which are not covered by the existing one. The draft Code, using a qualitatively new approach to this issue, retains the elements of the previous classification and has no practical significance in law enforcement. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities to improve the norms of the current Criminal Code, to classify criminal offenses, as well as to further improve the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine.

Features of labor relations in quarantine conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Lesja Kosmii
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Personnel Decisions ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Work Method

Goal. The purpose of this work is to analyze the norms of the current labor legislation regarding the regulation of the relations between the employee and the employer in the introduction of any restrictions and anti-epidemic measures in the conditions of national quarantine and prevention in such conditions of violations of labor rights of employees. It is important that during the course of the COVID-19 coronary pandemic measures, they were not only effective but also violated human rights, including work. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific and theoretical material, experience of foreign countries and formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, comparative, functional, system-structural, logical-normative. Results. During the research it was found that the Ukrainian legislature, including foreign experience, was able to respond promptly to the quarantine situation by adopting anti-crisis laws, which did not neglect labor legislation. This is understandable, because in connection with the announcement of quarantine in the whole territory of Ukraine, employers had to make personnel decisions, and the current legislative framework did not clearly regulate the issues that arose. Scientific novelty. The study found that the updating of labor legislation in the area of labor relations regulation during the national quarantine period allows the employer to use certain forms of labor organization, in which the basic labor rights and guarantees of employees can be preserved. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making and law enforcement activities, as well as by employers in regulating labor relations with employees during the quarantine period.

BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF CIVIL LAW AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Diana Vivcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance

Purpose. The purpose of the article is the regulation of relations on the principles of civil law. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and a synthesis of available scientific and theoretical information. It is includes the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. Such methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, functional, systemic-structural, logical-normative. Results: it was determined, that principles of civil law – an ideas of the civil law, that characterized by systematic,versatile, more stable, more regylated. Originality. An article is the special reseach that explores the problems of civil law in Ukraine. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in legislation and law-enforcement activities.

Comparative analysis of the real estate taxation basics in the Russian Federation and foreign countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 (11) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
A.M. Lelyuhina ◽  
М.V. Litvinenko ◽  
O.V. Miklashevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tax System ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Real Estate Valuation ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Rational Construction ◽  
The Uk

The current issues of reforming the current tax system in the Russian Federation in the context of the transition to determining the amount of real estate taxes based on the cadastral value of real estate objects are discussed. The decision on adopting elements of a tax system in practice should be scientifically and methodologically based. The rational construction of the tax system of Russia contributes to the study of foreign tax systems’ models. In the article, the systems for calculating real estate tax established in the foreign countries under consideration are highlighted. Everything is based on analyzing the practice of real estate valuation in the UK, France, Belgium, Latvia, Finland, USA and Chile. A comparison is made of the grounds for calculating the property tax, their distinctive features. The main approaches to determining the cadastral value taking place in the cadastral systems of foreign countries are summarized. The conducted studies provide grounds for identifying trends in real estate valuation, which are being introduced into modern Russian cadastral valuation practice.

Digitalization in the system of anti-corruption measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
OLEG N. KORCHAGIN ◽  
◽  
ANASTASIA V. LYADSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
Private Business Sector ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to the current state of digitalization aimed at solving urgent problems of combating corruption in the field of public administration and private business sector. The work considers the experience of foreign countries and the influence of digital technologies on the fight against corruption. It is noted that the digitalization of public administration is becoming one of the decisive factors for increasing the efficiency of the anti-corruption system and improving management mechanisms. Big Data, if integrated and structured according to the given parameters, allows the implementation of legislative, law enforcement, control and supervisory and law enforcement activities reliably and transparently. Big Data tools allow us to analyze processes, identify dependencies and predict corruption risks. The author describes the most significant problems that complicate the transfer of offline technologies into the online environment. The paper analyzes promising directions for the development of digital technologies that would lead to solving the arising problems, as well as to implement tasks that previously seemed unreachable. The article also describes current developments in the field of collecting and managing large amounts of data, the “Internet of Things”, modern network architecture, and other advances in the field of IT; the work provides applied examples of their potential use in the field of combating corruption. The study gives reasons that, in the context of combating corruption, digitalization should be allocated in a separate area of activity that is controlled and regulated by the state.

scholarly journals Protocol for a qualitative study to identify strategies to optimise hospital ePrescribing systems

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044622
Author(s):  
Catherine Heeney ◽  
Stephen Malden ◽  
Aziz Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Electronic Prescribing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionElectronic prescribing (ePrescribing) is a key area of development and investment in the UK and across the developed world. ePrescribing is widely understood as a vehicle for tackling medication-related safety concerns, improving care quality and making more efficient use of health resources. Nevertheless, implementation of an electronic health record does not itself ensure benefits for prescribing are maximised. We examine the process of optimisation of ePrescribing systems using case studies to provide policy recommendations based on the experiences of digitally mature hospital sites.Methods and analysisQualitative interviews within six digitally mature sites will be carried out. The aim is to capture successful optimisation of electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) in particular health systems and hospitals. We have identified hospital sites in the UK and in three other developed countries. We used a combination of literature reviews and advice from experts at Optimising ePrescribing in Hospitals (eP Opt) Project round-table events. Sites were purposively selected based on geographical area, innovative work in ePrescribing/electronic health (eHealth) and potential transferability of practices to the UK setting. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed and transcripts coded thematically using NVivo software. Relevant policy and governance documents will be analysed, where available. Planned site visits were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Ethics and disseminationThe Usher Research Ethics Group granted approval for this study. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals in medical informatics and expert round-table events, lay member meetings and the ePrescribing Toolkit (http://www.eprescribingtoolkit.com/)—an online resource supporting National Health Service (NHS) hospitals through the ePrescribing process.

Personalized crime location prediction

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD A. TAYEBI ◽  
UWE GLÄSSER ◽  
MARTIN ESTER ◽  
PATRICIA L. BRANTINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Urban Crime ◽  
Crime Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Location Prediction ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Pattern Theory ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Crime Pattern Theory ◽  
Crime Pattern

Crime reduction and prevention strategies are vital for policymakers and law enforcement to face inevitable increases in urban crime rates as a side effect of the projected growth of urban population by the year 2030. Studies conclude that crime does not occur uniformly across urban landscapes but concentrates in certain areas. This phenomenon has drawn attention to spatial crime analysis, primarily focusing on crime hotspots, areas with disproportionally higher crime density. In this paper, we present CrimeTracer1, a personalized random walk-based approach to spatial crime analysis and crime location prediction outside of hotspots. We propose a probabilistic model of spatial behaviour of known offenders within their activity spaces. Crime Pattern Theory concludes that offenders, rather than venture into unknown territory, frequently select targets in or near places they are most familiar with as part of their activity space. Our experiments on a large real-world crime dataset show that CrimeTracer outperforms all other methods used for location recommendation we evaluate here.

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