Concepts, Types and Forms of Eurasian and Latin-American Integration Associations (Comparative Analysis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Максим Залоило ◽  
Maksim Zaloilo ◽  
Елена Рафалюк ◽  
Elena Rafalyuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
Economic Union

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the concept, types and forms of Eurasian and Latin-American integration associations. On the authors’ mind the integration association is the group of states united on the basis of an international treaty to achieve the integration goals. It is proposed to distinguish between the integration associations of the coordination and supranational types. According to the identified features of each of the indicated types of integration associations the authors conclude that the Organization of American States is the union of the coordination type, the MERCOSUR is in transition from coordination to supranational integration association, in the Andean Community the supranational model is implemented, and the Eurasian Economic Union tends to the supranational association. It is noted that integration associations can be also classified depending on the different forms of economic integration (free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union, etc.). The main forms of the Latin-American economic integration are free trade area and customs union, while the common market is still developing. The forms of the Eurasian economic integration are the customs union, the common economic space, forming common market. A trend of formation of new forms and types of inter-state integration associations and cooperation between them, particularly in the form of a mega-association (Union of South American Nations) is revealed. The ways of further development of the integration associations in Latin America and Eurasia are marked.

scholarly journals Legal Models of Eurasian and Latin-American Integration Associations

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Елена Рафалюк ◽  
Elena Rafalyuk ◽  
Максим Залоило ◽  
Maksim Zaloilo ◽  
Наталия Власова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with various legal models of integration associations of Eurasia and Latin America. The authors argue that the model of integration association is based on a set of attributes (purpose of integration, system of bodies and its’ competence, procedure of decision making, depth of economic and legal convergence, etc.). One of the characteristics of a model of integration association is a type of cooperation: coordination or supranational. Integration associations differ depending on a particular form of economic integration (free trade area, customs union, common economic space, common market, economic union, etc.), which also characterizes the individual model of each of the integration union. Organization of American States is characterized as a union of a coordination type of cooperation. Mercosur is an international organization of coordination with several supranational features. The model of the Andean Community is seeking for a supranational type. The evolution of Latin American integration communities depends primarily on the political and economic factors. There are new models of integration communities based on the agreements between several regional blocs. The forms of the Eurasian economic integration are the customs union, the common economic space, forming common market. The Eurasian Economic Union tends to the supranational association. Based on the research conducted using the formal-legal, comparative and historical-legal methods the authors formulate conclusions about the trends, challenges and prospects of further development of integration processes in the Eurasia and Latin America.

scholarly journals The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africas (COMESA) Free Trade Area (FTA) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Nexus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-286
Author(s):  
Yassin Elshain Yahia ◽  
Haiyun Liu ◽  
Sayyed Sadaqat Hussain Shah ◽  
Hisham Mohamed Hassan Ali ◽  
Md Reza Sultanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals The Effects of the Kazakhstan-Russia-Belarus Customs Union on Turkey’s Exports and on Turkish Investors in Kazakhstan

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Barak ◽  
Murat Doğanay
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Set Up

The customs union is a model of economic integration which is composed of free trade area among the participant countries with a common external tariff. The participant countries generally set up common external trade policy. Main establishing purposes of customs union are increasing economic efficiency, improving the global competitiveness and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. This paper analyses the concept and effects of customs union, the agreement of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union and how this agreements effects Turkish investors in Kazakhstan and export of Turkey. In this contex, a survey is implemented to Turkish companies executives, according to the survey results, it is trying to reveal whether the Bel EurAsEC Customs Union have any effects on Turkey export. Also, in this paper, the effects of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union on Turkish investors which operates in Kazakhstan, investment attitude, behavior and decisions are being explored.

Salazar, London and the Process of European Integration up until the Signing of the Treaty of Rome

2018 ◽  
pp. 265-293
Author(s):  
António Lopes
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The Political ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
The Common

This article aims to shed some light on the political and ideological agendas of both London and Lisbon during the process leading up to the signing of the Treaty of Rome, on 25 March 1957. It focuses on four main questions. The frst one is on how the colonial issue still influenced their attitudes towards the process of European integration. The second one explores how the risks of isolation conditioned their understanding of the commercial and economic potential of a European common market. The third question addresses their inability to identify themselves with the principles and values of the European project. The fourth one seeks to ascertain the views exchanged between the British and Portuguese governments on issues such as the customs union, the common market and the free trade area.

Explaining the resurgence of regionalism in world politics

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The North

The past decade has witnessed a resurgence of regionalism in world politics. Old regionalist organizations have been revived, new organizations formed, and regionalism and the call for strengthened regionalist arrangements have been central to many of the debates about the nature of the post-Cold War international order. The number, scope and diversity of regionalist schemes have grown significantly since the last major ‘regionalist wave’ in the 1960s. Writing towards the end of this earlier regionalist wave, Joseph Nye could point to two major classes of regionalist activity: on the one hand, micro-economic organizations involving formal economic integration and characterized by formal institutional structures; and on the other, macro-regional political organizations concerned with controlling conflict. Today, in the political field, regional dinosaurs such as the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the Organization of American States (OAS) have re-emerged. They have been joined both by a large number of aspiring micro-regional bodies (such as the Visegrad Pact and the Pentagonale in central Europe; the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in the Middle East; ECOWAS and possibly a revived Southern African Development Community (SADC, formerly SADCC) led by post-apartheid South Africa in Africa), and by loosely institutionalized meso-regional security groupings such as the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE, now OSCE) and more recently the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). In the economic field, micro-regional schemes for economic cooperation or integration (such as the Southern Cone Common Market, Mercosur, the Andean Pact, the Central American Common Market (CACM) and CARICOM in the Americas; the attempts to expand economic integration within ASEAN; and the proliferation of free trade areas throughout the developing world) stand together with arguments for macro-economic or ‘bloc regionalism’ built around the triad of an expanded European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA) and some further development of Asia-Pacific regionalism. The relationship between these regional schemes and between regional and broader global initiatives is central to the politics of contemporary regionalism.

scholarly journals The ASEAN WITHOUT A CUSTOMS UNION OR A SINGLE MARKET CONSEQUENCES OF THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY BLUEPRINT 2025

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-127
Author(s):  
Moh Firstananto Jerusalem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

Abstract In the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint 2015 the term “single market” was used as a goal of economic community. Theoretically, single market is a level of economic integration after customs union. Under that blueprint, customs union could have a chance to be established as a necessary prerequisite for single market. However, the new blueprint 2025 does not adopt single market concept anymore. Different terms have been introduced namely “integrated and cohesive economy” and “unified market”. This article aims at assessing economic integration concept adopted in the ASEAN Economic Community blueprint by utilizing content analysis. It will review the change of concept by employing economic integration theory in order to indicate the direction of economic community goal. The finding is that the change of terms reflects the change of concept. As a result, ASEAN Economic Community will have a different direction in pursuing economic integration. Therefore, under the new blueprint ASEAN will not proceed to customs union and single market. However, it will remain at free trade area level of economic integration. In addition, ASEAN will not be a close trade block but tend to be an open regionalism in relation to non-ASEAN countries or regions. Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, Customs Union, Single Market, Economic Integration, Open Regionalism.

Integration Potential of Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
E. Arapova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Asian Regionalism

During the 2014 APEC summit the participating countries agreed to move towards a region-wide economic integration and approved China-backed roadmap to promote the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP). The paper examines prospects for economic integration in the Asia-Pacific in the framework of 21 APEC participating members. It aims to measure the “integration potential” of the FTAAP on the basis of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the actual statistic data, to explore key obstacles hampering economic integration in the region. The research comes from the theory of convergence and concept of proximity. They suppose that the higher is the degree of homogeneity in economic development and regulatory regimes of the integrating countries the higher is their “integration potential”. The objective of the author’s analysis is to measure the “integration potential” of APEC countries in four directions: trade liberalization, free movement of investments, monetary and banking integration, free division of labor. Initial estimates of the FTAAP prospects base on the merchandize trade complementarity indices and coefficients of variation analysis. Besides, the research uses hierarchical cluster analysis that helps to classify countries in different groups according to similarity of their economic typologies. This methodology allows to reveal the favorable algorithm of regional economic integration in the framework of the “hybrid approach” (or “open regionalism” adopted for APEC countries in 1989) which encourages the countries to enter into free trade agreements on a bilateral basis or to make offers to the APEC membership as a whole. Final conclusions are based on the results of authors’ calculations with consideration for contemporary trends of the member countries’ economic development and long-term strategies of economic growth. Acknowledgements. The research was supported by the Russian Fund for Humanities, project no. 15-07-00026 “East Asian regionalism in the context of diversifi cation of economic growth model”.

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