Thermodynamic Method in Analyzing of the Parameters Bioelectrical Muscles at Different Static Loads

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Майстренко ◽  
E. Maystrenko ◽  
Черников ◽  
N. Chernikov ◽  
Горбунов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Recorded Signal ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Bioelectric Potentials ◽  
Increasing Load

The comparative analysis of the dynamics of changes in the bioelectric activity of muscles in response to changes in static stress in the muscle is presented. As the main result of this study after an data analysis obtained by the methods of the chaos theory and self‐organization to describe complex biological systems, it was established low efficiency of deterministic‐stochastic approach. Shannon entropy calculation is performed in different functional states of the muscles. Analysis of the recorded signal and evaluation of randomness in the recorded signal of electro‐myograms showed that with increasing load the size of quasiattractors of the recorded bioelectric potentials of the muscles increases dramatically, but the results of the analysis based on the calculation of the entropy, i.e. the thermodynamic approach, are statistically insignificant. The results allow to conclude that deterministic‐stochastic methods (in particular, the thermodynamic methods) in the assessment of electro‐myograms have low efficiency, and should be used for calculating the area quasi‐attractors of S in evaluating the physiological state of the human body (its homeostasis).

Dynamics of parameters of bioelectrical activity of muscles in response to different static forces

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Горбунов ◽  
D. Gorbunov ◽  
Эльман ◽  
Kseniya Elman ◽  
Гавриленко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chaos Theory ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Recorded Signal ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Little Finger

This article presents the methods of analysis of the dynamics of bioelectrical activity of the flexor muscles of the little finger of his right hand as a reaction to the static force in compression dynamometer, manifested in changes of the quasi-attractors parameters. The main research methods were deterministicstochastic methods and methods of the chaos theory and self-organization to describe complex biological systems. The authors present a comparative analysis of calculating the parameters of the obtained results, in particular, in the framework of the chaos theory and self-organization - the calculations of the phase plane and their areas; in the framework of the deterministic-stochastic approach - the calculation of the Shannon entropy. Calculations are aimed at assessing the level of randomness of the recorded signal. Analysis of the recorded signal and the evaluation of the level of randomness in a signal of bioelectrical activity of muscles showed that an increase in the static load quasi-attractors bioelectric muscle activity increases dramatically. The degree of change was estimated by calculating the parameters of quasi-attractors according to the chaos theory and self-organization. The changes of state of the system in the direction of increasing the degree of variability in the bioelectric activity of the extensor muscles of the little finger are demonstrated. The high efficiency of application of the chaos theory and self-organization in the assessment of the neuromuscular human system is showed. The obtained results allow to determining the level of the ability of performing the specified operations under the influence of static loads.

scholarly journals Stochastic Methods for Nonlinear Rotordynamics With Uncertainties

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Peradotto ◽  
Alfonso M. Panunzio ◽  
Loïc Salles ◽  
Christoph Schwingshackl
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Balance Method ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Stochastic Response ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Campbell Diagram ◽  
Unbalanced Rotor ◽  
Geometrical Imperfections ◽  
Input Uncertainties ◽  
Original Concept

The calculated dynamic response of an excited rotating system can be significantly affected by uncertainties in its mechanical properties, such as mass, stiffness, geometrical imperfections, or loadings. For this reason, it is essential to understand and quantify the influence of uncertain parameters on the predicted rotor response. This paper aims to optimize the propagation of random input uncertainties for a rotordynamic problem and assess their influence on the dynamic behaviour of an unbalanced rotor. The Harmonic balance method (HBM) and a non-intrusive Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) are used to evaluate the stochastic response of a finite element rotor. The proposed stochastic approach is based on a numerical quadrature calculation of integrals for finding the coefficients of the PCE. The method is initially applied to evaluate the stochastic response of a linear rotodynamic system, leading to the original concept of stochastic Campbell diagram and further extended to nonlinear rotordynamic problems, using the Asymptotic Numerical Method (ANM).

scholarly journals An engineering model for 3D turbulent wind inflow based on a limited set of random variables

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fluck ◽  
Curran Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Extreme Loads ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Loads Analysis ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract. Emerging stochastic analysis methods are of potentially great benefit for wind turbine power output and loads analysis. Instead of requiring multiple (e.g. ten-minute) deterministic simulations, a stochastic approach can enable quick assessment of a turbine's long term performance (e.g. 20 year fatigue and extreme loads) from a single stochastic simulation. However, even though the wind inflow is often described as a stochastic process, the common spectral formulation requires a large number of random variables to be considered. This is a major issue for stochastic methods, which suffer from the curse of dimensionality leading to a steep performance drop with an increasing number of random variables contained in the governing equations. In this paper a novel engineering wind model is developed which reduces the number of random variables by 4–5 orders of magnitude compared to typical models while retaining proper spatial correlation of wind speed sample points across a wind turbine rotor. The new model can then be used as input to direct stochastic simulations models under development. A comparison of the new method to results from the commercial code TurbSim and a custom implementation of the standard spectral model shows that for a 3D wind field the most important properties (cross-correlation, covariance, auto- and cross-spectrum) are conserved adequately by the proposed method.

scholarly journals Reducing Uncertainties in Hydrocarbon Volumetric Estimation: A Case Study of Fuba Field, Onshore Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Franklin Fubara ◽  
Nnamdi J. Ajah ◽  
Jude U. Igweajah ◽  
Olayinka Yinka ◽  
Abdulmaliq Abdulsalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Reserve Estimation ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reserve ◽  
Original Oil In Place

Reducing uncertainties to the barest minimum before reserve estimation aids in making a better decision regarding field development. This study analyses uncertainty in hydrocarbon reserve estimation in Fuba Field using both scenario-based deterministic and stochastic methods. Two hydrocarbon reservoirs (A and I) were selected and mapped. Depth structure maps revealed fault supported collapsed crestal closures for both reservoirs. Uncertainty analysis was conducted using low case (P90), base case (P50), and the high case (P50) reservoir properties. On average, porosity, NTG and Sw are 31%, 89%, 10%, and 24%, 84%, 23% for A and I reservoirs. Hydrocarbon volumes recorded for the high case, base case, and low case using a deterministic versus stochastic approach are 30.52 MMSTB, 12.46 MMSTB, 4.57 MMSTB, and 18.52 MMSTB, 13.59 MMSTB, and 9.40 MMSTB for reservoir A, 58.87 MMSTB, 10.94 MMSTB, 1.51 MMSTB, and 25.56 MMSTB, 14.59 MMSTB and 7.63 MMSTB for reservoir I. While the base case was similar for both methods (stochastic and deterministic), there is a huge difference in the low and high-case hydrocarbon volumes recorded in both methods. This change could be attributed to the reservoir bulk volume with (>85%) with little contribution from oil saturation and porosity. Cross plot analysis confirms that bulk volume is the main control of the estimated stock tank original oil in place (STOIIP). Hence, a slight alteration in bulk volume will significantly affect the estimated STOIIP. It is recommended that bulk volume be given most attention when conducting reservoir simulation as this will increase simulation time, reduce simulation cost, and provide more accurate simulation results.

scholarly journals Operational Impacts of Using Restricted Passenger Flow Assignment in High-Speed Train Stop Scheduling Problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Fu ◽  
Benjamin R. Sperry ◽  
Lei Nie
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Travel Path ◽  
Flow Assignment ◽  
Passenger Flow Assignment ◽  
Low Efficiency

One key decision basis to the train stop scheduling process is the passenger flow assignment, that is, the estimated passengers’ travel path choices from origins to destinations. Many existing assignment approaches are stochastic in nature, which causes unbalanced problems such as low efficiency in train capacity occupancy or an irrational distribution of transfer passengers among stations. The purpose of this paper is to propose a train stop scheduling approach. It combines a passenger flow assignment procedure that routes passenger travel paths freely within a train network and is particularly capable of incorporating additional restrictions on generating travel paths that better resemble the rail planner’s purpose of utilizing capacity resources by introducing four criteria to define the feasibility of travel path used by a traveler. Our approach also aims at ensuring connectivity and rapidity, the two essential characteristics of train service increasingly required by modern high-speed rails. The effectiveness of our approach is tested using the Chinese high-speed rail network as a real-world example. It works well in finding a train stop schedule of good quality whose operational indicators dominate those of an existing stochastic approach. The paper concludes with a comprehensive operational impact analysis, further demonstrating the value of our proposed approach.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN PATIENTS WITH HEARING DEPRIVATION IN PERMANENT OCCLUSION IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
V.D. Kuroiedova ◽  
Yu.K. Sokolohorska-Nykina
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Functional Features

The study of the muscles of the maxillofacial area both in normal and pathological occlusions is the area of great interest, since muscle function is an indicator of complex functional relationships of the dento-mandibular system. Hearing impaired patients have many features related to the functional features of the maxillofacial area due to the slight or complete lack of use of facial muscles during speech or through the use of sign language. Hearing impaired children have 100% of bite pathology. The functional state of chewing and temporal muscles in schoolchildren with hearing loss in constant bite at rest was studied. Twenty-five hearing impaired students with permanent dentistry were studied at Poltava Special Boarding School for Deaf Children, who formed the study group. Among them, there were 13 women (62.5%) and 12 men (37.5%). The mean age was 18.7 ± 1.31 years. The control group used the data of the study of patients with constant physiological bite without hearing disorders, determined by M. I. Dmytrenko. The average age was 21.3 ± 1.25 years. The bioelectric activity of the chewing muscles was examined on an electromyographic complex. The average values of oscillation amplitude (μV) of muscle biopotential on both sides were determined. Muscle biopotentials were recorded for five seconds in a state of physiological calm with closed lips. The results show that all indicators of PD of chewing muscles in a state of physiological rest are almost 2 times higher (p˂0,05) in comparison with those of patients with normal hearing and physiological bite. The work of the temporal muscles in schoolchildren with hearing loss is characterized by symmetry. There is also greater electrical activity of the temporal muscle than the masticatory muscles at rest, unlike normal hearing patients. All patients with hearing impairment had 100% prevalence of dental anomalies. Biopotential of chewing muscle of I class. for angle was 2.7 times higher than in patients with the control group. The biopotential of the temporalis muscle in the ICE was 1.8 times higher (p˂0.05), which indicates a constant tension or insufficient muscle relaxation in patients with ICE. In patients with hearing loss of II class. for angle, the average value of the biopotential of the chewing muscle was 2.3 times higher than in patients in 2 group, the temporal muscle was 1.5 times higher.

scholarly journals A stochastic approach for measuring the uncertainty of claims reserves

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (81) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Domingues Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
João Vinícius de França Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Capital Shortage ◽  
Traditional Approaches

ABSTRACT This paper aims to obtain metrics for quantifying the variability of technical provisions for claims by making use of deterministic and stochastic models. In short, everything that the traditional methods do not provide (measures of variability and capital insufficiency) are of fundamental importance for efficient actuarial management. The proposed methodology reveals the probability of insufficiency of the allocated capital to cover the commitments assumed by the insurer. In order to maintain resources to cover the indemnities payable to the insured, insurance companies include technical provisions in their balance sheets. Technical provisions are estimates and are therefore a source of fluctuations in the profit and loss statement of insurers, so understanding and protecting against these adverse variations is fundamental for efficient actuarial management. The stochastic approach enables internal models to be studied for solvency capital, which is a subject that lacks studies in the Brazilian market, and which is determined by a standard model pre-defined by the regulatory body. Stochastic modeling was proposed for Incurred But Not Reported Reserve using bootstrapping and, to validate this approach, the results were compared with the traditional approaches using real Motor Hull and Motor Third Part Liability data from a Brazilian insurance company. There are advantages of adopting stochastic methods instead of deterministic ones to determine technical provisions for claims, since it is possible to empirically estimate the probability distributions. The quantiles of these curves reveal the estimated probability of the real value exceeding a particular level of provisioning in order to extract the probability of capital shortage that the traditional methods do not provide. In addition, the results show that the traditional methods are too conservative, allocating more capital than necessary.

scholarly journals Features of changes in the immune status and bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
I Kh Borukaeva ◽  
Z Kh Abazova
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bioelectric Potentials ◽  
Dependent Type

Bronchial asthma is a classic, antigen-specific disease, the formation of which is crucial reagin-dependent type of allergic reaction. However, the interaction of changes in the immune status and bioelectrical activity of the brain in patients with bronchial asthma is currently insufficiently covered. The paper analyzes the interdependence between changes in the immunological reactivity and bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with bronchial asthma. Changes in the immune state during bronchial asthma led to the development of hypoxia, which had a significant impact on the bioelectric potentials of the brain, manifested in the predominance of the alpha rhythm, left hemispheric dominance of alpha power in the anterior temporal leads.

scholarly journals Неинвазивное измерение биоэлектрических потенциалов растений

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Кулешова ◽  
А.В. Бушлякова ◽  
Н.Р. Галль
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Living System ◽  
Noninvasive Measurement ◽  
Bioelectric Potential ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Smooth Change ◽  
Chlorophytum Comosum ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Bioelectric Potentials

AbstractA system for the noninvasive measurement of bioelectric potentials in the soil–plant system, which is based on a new—and harmless to plants—method ensuring the surface contact of the root system with electrodes, is developed and tested with the use of the Chlorophytum comosum perennial grassy plant. It is shown that the irrigation of the plant from the top after exposure to water-scarce conditions causes a jump in the bioelectric potential at the level of 200–250 mV for about 300 s with subsequent reaching of a plateau corresponding to the physiological state of the plant. At the same time, the diffusion of water from below leads to a smooth change in the bioelectric potential upon reaching the same level. It is shown that invasive insertion of an electrode leads to nonmonotonic and descending time dependences of the bioelectric potential, which are probably a response of the living system to damage.

scholarly journals The examination of the heart rate regulation in healthy people with the stochastic tests methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Aksana Kotava
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Heart Rate Regulation ◽  
Stochastic Load ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Submaximal Heart Rate ◽  
Increasing Load

Background: The determination of relations between the complexity of the cardiovascular system regulation and the com-plexity of the test signal is not a fully solved problem. The elimination of this uncertainty can be done using stochastic test signals and power value which changes are random.Aim of research: To compare the reaction of cardio - vascular system during the deterministic and random loads.Material and methods:In the research,h two types of physical loads were used: the traditional bicycle ergometer test with stepwise increasing load and 3 minutes steps duration and test with a stochastic pseudonormal load values distribution and 30 seconds steps duration. Results: It is established that the average load required to achieve a submaximal heart rate was 509 W for the traditional and 445 W for the stochastic test, respectively. The time of obtained submaximal heart rate during stepwise-increasing load was 7 min., whereas during the stochastic load significantly less - 5min. The results show that the limit of efficiency of the cardio-vascular system during stochastic load test is achieved faster than during deterministic load test.Conclusions: Stress tests using random loads can be useful for the athletes training. Supposedly, the use of stochastic loads must be effective during rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases, for instance the increasing of the physical load time in each stage can be used in order to reach steady state. Also, the proposed study confirms the perspectives of non-linear and stochastic methods in the diagnosis of the cardiovascular system diseases.

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