State and stability of pine plantings in the conditions of anthropogenous influence (on the example of the camp site «Forestry fairy tale»)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Тимащук ◽  
Darya Timashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Age Class ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recreational Pressure ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Recreation Impact

Conducted dendrochronological and dendroclimatic analyses of the status and growth rates of natural stands of Scots pine V age class (ТЛУ-В2) growing in the area of recreation impact on the territory of the camp "Forest fairy tale", and at some distance from it. When reducing recreational pressure, a 30 % increase the percentage of stock of trees the category of "no signs of weakening." Weighted average of the category status is changed from 1,8 to 3,3 with increasing recreational load.

scholarly journals Research on the Status Quo of In-use vehicle Environmental Protection Regular Inspection in Tangshan

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 06059
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Zhang ◽  
Jiguang Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Project Team ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Qualification Rate

The project team collected more than 1 million in-use vehicles environmental protection regular inspection data for analysis, the data of annual inspection in Tangshan area are sorted out and analyzed, the conclusion is as follows: 1. The weighted average qualification rate of each inspection method for in-use vehicles in Tangshan was 87.9%. 2. The weighted average qualification rate of different emission stages of VMAS is 88.7%, the weighted average qualification rate of different emission stages of TSIC is 93.9%, the weighted average qualification rate of FRAC in different emission stages is 98.3%, and the weighted average qualification rate of LUGDOWN in different emission stages is 77.8%. 3. After the implementation of the new standard, the qualified rate of TSIC and LUGDOWN in Tangshan will be greatly reduced, but it has little influence on the qualified rate of VAMS and FA.

Economic Growth Rates and Exports of Bangladesh: The Bengal Tiger?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bengal Tiger ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

Global images of Bangladesh as a desperately poor country in need of foreign aid require revision in light of recent statistics that confirm impressive economic growth rates despite protracted political problems and climate-related risks. The article presents and discusses statistical evidence relating to recent economic growth rates of Bangladesh in terms of export, import and gross domestic product. This confirms the status of the country as a new tiger economy, moving away from its traditional dependence on agriculture. However, excessive reliance on exports of ready-made garments is found to be risky, while a more balanced growth model with a diverse basket of exports seems advisable.

Edible sporocarp production by age class in a Scots pine stand in Northern Spain

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez-Peña ◽  
Teresa Ágreda ◽  
Beatriz Águeda ◽  
Pedro Ortega-Martínez ◽  
Luz Marina Fernández-Toirán
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Age Class

scholarly journals Tax buoyancy in Jordan: Meeting the challenge after COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khataybeh ◽  
Ghassan Omet ◽  
Fayez Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stationarity Tests ◽  
The Impact

Public finance in Jordan has always been poor. Indeed, not a single Jordanian government has managed to have a surplus in its budget. In addition, and within the context of the already high, and rising public debt, COVID-19 will not only exacerbate this problem even further. This is why the main purpose of this paper is to estimate tax buoyancy in Jordan. This is a timely issue to examine because once the Jordanian economy goes back to its normal growth rates (after COVID-19), the status of the fiscal deficit (and public debt) will depend, to a large extent, on tax buoyancy. To estimate the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on tax revenues (tax buoyancy), the paper uses annual data (1992 2019) and time series techniques including stationarity tests, Johnsen cointegration test, and vector error correction model (VECM). Based on the empirical estimations, one can state that tax buoyancy in Jordan is less than one. This indicates that once the Jordanian economy goes back to its pre-COVID-19 growth rates, the increase in total tax revenues will not reciprocate the increases in GDP. This is unfortunate, given the already high existing public debt level. However, what is encouraging is the fact that sales tax and corporate tax are buoyant. The only way to increase tax buoyancy (and total tax to GDP ratio) is to make the sources of tax revenues more diversified and more progressive.

scholarly journals Effect of ammonium and nitrate source of nitrogen on productivity of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Łotocki ◽  
W. Żelawski
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Matter Production

Water culture and sand culture seedlings of Scots pine were investigated in respect to their reaction to ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen nutrition. Photosynthesis, respiration, and dry matter production were studied in three and four months old plants. The results are preliminary but they have indicated that the effect of various form of nitrogen nutrition on gas exchange and growth rates could change during the growing season.

scholarly journals Trade Intensity: Iraq’s Status in the Global Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7039-7051
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
Natural Reserves

This paper attempts to explore the status of Iraq’s foreign trade by examining the trends of Iraq’s trade, significance of trade in the country’s economy and the trade intensity index between Iraq and major countries for the period between 2007 and 2017. This study relies on average and compound annual growth rates, trade intensity indices (TII) and regression analysis to measure the foreign trade status of Iraq. Abundant natural reserves of oil and gas serve as the engine of Iraq’s economic growth. In the last decade, Iraq’s foreign trade has increased from about US$ 47 billion in 2007 to about US$ 98 billion in 2017. This study demonstrates a significant increase in Iraq’s trade with countries like USA, China, Turkey and India. Although Iraq’s exports are much higher than imports, there has been a decline in the volume of exports during the study period, while imports have increased impressively

Radial Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under Inhibition

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Valery P. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Sergey I. Marchenko ◽  
Dmitry I. Nartov ◽  
Leonid P. Balukhta
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Growth Processes

Predicting tree growth processes is important due to the exceptional ecosystem role of forests, which carry out global climate regulation by sequestrating carbon, conserving drinking water, and providing habitat for living organisms. Trees are known to respond to any fluctuations in the environment. The research purpose is to identify weather and climatic factors that significantly affect the inhibition of growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in conditions of constant moisture deficit. The studies were carried out in the eastern part of the Bryansk region within the territory the Bryansk administrative district, in the educational and experimental forestry of the Bryansk State Engineering and Technological University and the Styazhnovskoye forest district. Methods of dendrochronology were used to assess the response of 93 pine trees to fluctuations in the external environment by changing the width of annual rings (available anatomical feature of a tree) using indices of radial growth. An original approach was proposed to analyze the reasons for a sharp decline in the annual radial growth under the influence of temperature and precipitation. The years with abnormally low increments (1963, 1972, 1985, 2002 and 2010) were identified against the background of the weather-climatic situation for 5 years before and after the fall in growth. Similar dynamics of absolute values of radial increments and their indices was established, which is caused by fluctuations of natural factors, manifestation of hereditary traits, etc. Significant differences were revealed between the growth rates at average multiyear values of January, May and August air temperatures with growth rates in the years of abnormally low radial growth, which are observed in pine against the background of colder January and warmer May and August of the current year, as well as under the condition of warmer January of the previous year. At the same time, no significant role of precipitation was detected. The obtained data, expanding the idea of the features of growth processes and formation of annual increments in diameter of Scots pine in the conditions of changing climate at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, allowed us to suggest a possible manifestation of physiological features of the species, the homeostasis optimum zone of which is located in the conditions of colder boreal climate. This information expands our understanding of the features of growth processes and formation of annual increments in diameter of Scots pine in changing climatic conditions.

Economic boundaries of the Bank of Russia's operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1115
Author(s):  
Valerii V. SMIRNOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Existing Structure

Subject. The article focuses on operations of the Central Bank’s of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The study is to determine economic boundaries of operations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. Analyzing the tomorrow-today dynamics of difference of the weighted average exchange rate RUB/USD and EUB/EUR and supply of USD and EUR, I discovered the supply of USD steadily exceeded the supply of RUB/EUR starting from 2018. Analyzing trends in growth rates of international reserves and money base (in its narrow sense), I found a growth in monetary growth starting from 2015 and currency reserves, cash in circulation (out of the Bank of Russia), statutory reserves of credit institutions in the Bank of Russia starting from 2017. Analyzing the importance of growth rates of market indicators, I identified its effective configuration referring to the dynamics of SP500. However, I point out stocks of Rostelecom, gold and RUB/USD. The article demonstrates the important ties between RTS index and stocks of Gazprom and Rostelecom, USD index ? RUB/USD, gold, SP500. Considering the existing structure of the Russian economy, the upper and base boundaries of the Bank of Russia’s operations are Repo rate and RUB/USD respectively. Conclusions and Relevance. The above economic boundaries of the Bank of Russia’s operations allow financial institutions to pursue an increase in the sustainability of the banking system, preserve the ownership structure, legal form and corporate governance, and use derivatives in order to decrease borrowings costs. The study contributes to the knowledge and competence of governmental officials so as to make administrative decisions on sources of growth in the Russian economy and respective opportunities.

The influence of mean stress and thickness on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of the aluminium alloy BS2L71

1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Dover ◽  
N F Boutle
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Mean Stress ◽  
Constant Amplitude ◽  
Crack Growth Behaviour ◽  
Amplitude Data

A series of fatigue crack growth tests have been conducted on sheet specimens of thicknesses 3, 6, 16 and 22 mm. These tests have been under both random and constant amplitude loading for a number of different mean stress levels. The results from these tests have shown that the resistance to fatigue crack growth increases as the thickness increases at low growth rates. In contrast, at high growth rates this behaviour is reversed. Both random and constant amplitude data showed this feature. Crack-closure measurements have been used in an attempt to explain these differences in behaviour for high and low growth rates. The random and constant amplitude test results have been correlated successfully for square-mode growth, using a ‘weighted’ average range approach.

scholarly journals Influence of thinning intensity and canopy type on Scots pine stand and growth dynamics in a mixed managed forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irantzu Primicia ◽  
Rubén Artázcoz ◽  
Juan-Bosco Imbert ◽  
Fernando Puertas ◽  
María-del-Carmen Traver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Canopy Type

Aim of the study: We analysed the effects of thinning intensity and canopy type on Scots pine growth and stand dynamics in a mixed Scots pine-beech forest. Area of the study: Western Pyrenees. Material and methods: Three thinning intensities were applied in 1999 (0, 20 and 30% basal area removed) and 2009 (0, 20 and 40%) on 9 plots. Within each plot, pure pine and mixed pine-beech patches are distinguished. All pine trees were inventoried in 1999, 2009 and 2014. The effects of treatments on the tree and stand structure variables (density, basal area, stand and tree volume), on the periodic annual increment in basal area and stand and tree volume, and on mortality rates, were analysed using linear mixed effects models. Main Results: The enhancement of tree growth was mainly noticeable after the second thinning. Growth rates following thinning were similar or higher in the moderate than in the severe thinning. Periodic stand volume annual increments were higher in the thinned than in the unthinned plots, but no differences were observed between the thinned treatments. We observed an increase in the differences of the Tree volume annual increment between canopy types (mixed < pure) over time in the unthinned plots, as beech crowns developed. Research highlights: Moderate thinning is suggested as an appropriate forest practice at early pine age in these mixed forests, since it produced higher tree growth rates than the severe thinning and it counteracted the negative effect of beech on pine growth observed in the unthinned plots.Keywords: competition; Fagus sylvatica L.; Pinus sylvestris L.; forest management; mortality; Mediterranean forest.

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