Mechanization and technology of animal husbandry: laboratory practical work

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Ivanov ◽  
Roman Filonov ◽  
Dzhaniko Murusidzye

In the manual questions of technology, mechanization and automation of processes in animal husbandry are considered; bases of the modern production technology of production of animal husbandry are stated; the short description of designs and the principles of work of the equipment used in animal husbandry is given. All material is issued in the form of the separate laboratory works distributed according to the program of a course. In each laboratory work separate groups of cars and the equipment according to their classification and technological appointment are considered; method of calculation of the parameters necessary for definition of optimum completing of line and technological lines are presented; questions of operation of the equipment and technical and economic efficiency are taken up. Each laboratory work includes the purpose, the contents, the reporting and control questions. The manual is intended for the bachelors who are trained in the direction 35.03.06 "Agroinzheneriya".

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
А.А. Туаллагов

Статья посвящена определению рецептуры и технологии производства аланского крепкого алкогольного напитка ронг. К моменту фиксации сведений о напитке непосредственно у осетин сам напиток уже давно ими не производился. Сведения о нем сохранялись только в осетинском фольклоре. Наличие живого сванского ранга, который был расценен как тождественный не только по названию, но и по технологии производства аланскому ронгу, привело к убеждению о приготовлении напитка только из меда. На данной основе сегодня предлагаются «рецепты» домашнего и коммерческого производства напитка. Однако такое положение противоречит как характеристике напитка, так и иным сведениям фольклорного и этнографического характера, что определяет актуальность проблемы. Отдание приоритета собственно осетинским фольклорным источникам в сопоставлении с данными, записанными первыми европейскими путешественниками в Осетии, которые привлекаются впервые, определяет научную новизну исследования. Его целью является установление рецептуры и технологии производства аланского ронга как культурного наследия осетин, утерянного в силу непреодолимости определенных исторических обстоятельств. При проведении исследования применялись методы текстуального и историко-этнографического исследования источников, индуктивного и логического анализа на основе принципа историзма и системности изложения. В ходе исследования было установлено, что в фольклорной осетинской традиции сохранились реликтовые представления, что ронг изготавливался на единой зерновой (просо) и медовой основе с применением закваски. Технология его производства не подразумевала варение, а также использования воды. Сведения первых европейских путешественников позволяют прямо соотнести рецептуру и технологию производства ронга с определенным видом крепкого алкогольного напитка адыгских народов, надежность чему обеспечивалась непосредственным взаимопониманием по данному вопросу осетинской и кабардинской сторон. Потеря традиции изготовления ронга в осетинской среде диктовалась потерей зерновой базы в постмонгольский период и развитием иных технологий производства крепкого алкогольного напитка. The article is devoted to the definition of the recipe and production technology of the Alanian strong alcoholic beverage ‘rong’. By the time of recording information about the drink directly from the Ossetians, the drink itself had no longer been produced by them for years. The information about it was preserved only in the Ossetian folklore. The presence of the still existing Svanian rank, which was regarded as identical not only by name, but also by the technology of production to the Alanian rong, led to the conviction that the drink was made only from honey. On this basis, «recipes» for home and commercial production of the drink are being recommended nowadays. However, this situation contradicts both to the characteristics of the drink and other information of folklore and ethnographic nature, which determines the relevance of the problem. Giving priority to the Ossetian folklore sources in comparison with the data recorded by the first European travelers in Ossetia, who are being considered for the first time, determines the scientific novelty of the study. Its purpose is to establish the recipe and production technology of the Alanian rong as the cultural heritage of the Ossetians, lost due to the irresistibility of certain historical circumstances. The research used methods of textual and historical-ethnographic research of the sources, inductive and logical analysis based on the principle of historicism and consistency of presentation were used. The research has found that the folklore of the Ossetian tradition preserved relict ideas that rong was made on a single grain (millet) and honey basis with the use of sourdough. The technology of its production did not imply boiling, as well as the use of water. The information of the first European travelers allows us to directly correlate the recipe and production technology of rong with a certain type of strong alcoholic beverage of the Adyghe peoples, the reliability of which was ensured by the direct understanding of the Ossetian and Kabardian sides on this issue. The loss of the tradition of making rong in the Ossetian environment was dictated by the loss of the grain base in the post-Mongolian period and the development of other technologies for the production of a strong alcoholic beverage.


2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kolobova

Renovation of housing estate in Moscow is aimed at prevention of growth of the hazardous dwelling in Moscow, development of the housing estate and their improvement. The programme of renovation is adopted for the period up to 2032 and it will allow eliminating the imbalance of development of the urban environment, which is saved up for the last decades, on the other hand it will prevent mass emergency housing estate in Moscow in the next 10-15 years. Updating of the housing estate is to be based on the development of infrastructure, on the creation of additional conditions for human development, on the ecology, providing complex development of the territory according to the modern requirements to the urban environment. The economic efficiency of renovation of the housing estate will be estimated with the use of indicators of increase in the consumer quality of apartments, blocks of flats, residential districts. The method of calculation of economic effect of renovation before delivery of inhabited and non-residential premises for rent is developed for the definition of payback period and the potential monthly cost of the rent after renovation of buildings. The offered method allows estimating the efficiency of organizational actions of the state programme and it is only a part of assessment of the overall economic efficiency. The offered technique of assessment of economic efficiency of renovation will allow making economically reasonable decisions during various stages of city-planning activity: during preliminary preparation, during planning of the territory, during development and the approval of the design and estimate documentation.


Author(s):  
Margaret Jane Radin

Boilerplate—the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click “I agree” online, rent an apartment, or enter an employment contract, for example—pervades all aspects of our modern lives. On a daily basis, most of us accept boilerplate provisions without realizing that should a dispute arise about a purchased good or service, the nonnegotiable boilerplate terms can deprive us of our right to jury trial and relieve providers of responsibility for harm. Boilerplate is the first comprehensive treatment of the problems posed by the increasing use of these terms, demonstrating how their use has degraded traditional notions of consent, agreement, and contract, and sacrificed core rights whose loss threatens the democratic order. This book examines attempts to justify the use of boilerplate provisions by claiming either that recipients freely consent to them or that economic efficiency demands them, and it finds these justifications wanting. It argues that our courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies have fallen short in their evaluation and oversight of the use of boilerplate clauses. To improve legal evaluation of boilerplate, the book offers a new analytical framework, one that takes into account the nature of the rights affected, the quality of the recipient's consent, and the extent of the use of these terms. It goes on to offer possibilities for new methods of boilerplate evaluation and control, and concludes by discussing positive steps that NGOs, legislators, regulators, courts, and scholars could take to bring about better practices.


2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR V. KIRSANOV ◽  
◽  
DMITRIY YU. PAVKIN ◽  
FEDOR E. FEDOR E. VLADIMIROV ◽  
EVGENIY А. NIKITIN ◽  
...  

A modern dairy farm is a complex biotechnical “man-machine-animal” system, where purposeful human activity concentrates mainly on the control of the “machine” and “animal” subsystems, thus making the whole system ergatic. Increasing the interaction effi ciency of machine subsystems with biological objects (animals) requires an in-depth study of the properties and characteristics of the latter, their behavior, adaptive and refl ex mechanisms that ensure the mutual adaptation of machine and biological subsystems. The paper considers general functionality of the “animal” subsystem, which includes lists of monitored parameters (functions) in pre-weaning, pre-lactation and lactation periods. In a similar way, functionals of the subsystems of the general musculoskeletal development of the animal’s body, respiratory and digestive organs, comfort of the habitat, development and control of the reproductive organs of lactating cows were obtained accompanied with a list of controlled functions and parameters. To carry out a set of research activities in this fi eld, FSAC VIM is planning to carry out a complex project that will increase the levels of automation, digitalization and intellectualization of animal husbandry, provide for comfortable environment, optimal rediced-impact service modes for animals and their extended productive longevity, increased quality of milk and autonomous functioning of individual local biotechnical subsystems.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isra Revenia

This article is made to know the destinantion and the administrasi functions of the school in order to assist the leader of an organazation in making decisions and doing the right thing, recording of such statements in addition to the information needs also pertains to the function of accountabilitty and control functions. Administrative administration is the activity of recording for everything that happens in the organization to be used as information for leaders. While the definition of administration is all processing activities that start from collecting (receiving), recording, processing, duplicating, minimizing and storing all the information of correspondence needed by the organization. Administration is as an activity to determine everything that happens in the organization, to be used as material for information by the leadership, which includes all activities ranging from manufacturing, managing, structuring to all the preparation of information needed by the organization.


In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.


1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Alan H. Vicory ◽  
Peter A. Tennant

With the attainment of secondary treatment by virtually all municipal discharges in the United States, control of water pollution from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) has assumed a high priority. Accordingly, a national strategy was issued in 1989 which, in 1993, was expanded into a national policy on CSO control. The national policy establishes as an objective the attainment of receiving water quality standards, rather than a design storm/treatment technology based approach. A significant percentage of the CSOs in the U.S. are located along the Ohio River. The states along the Ohio have decided to coordinate their CSO control efforts through the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO). With the Commission assigned the responsibility of developing a monitoring approach which would allow the definition of CSO impacts on the Ohio, research by the Commission found that very little information existed on the monitoring and assessment of large rivers for the determination of CSO impacts. It was therefore necessary to develop a strategy for coordinated efforts by the states, the CSO dischargers, and ORSANCO to identify and apply appropriate monitoring approaches. A workshop was held in June 1993 to receive input from a variety of experts. Taking into account this input, a strategy has been developed which sets forth certain approaches and concepts to be considered in assessing CSO impacts. In addition, the strategy calls for frequent sharing of findings in order that the data collection efforts by the several agencies can be mutually supportive and lead to technically sound answers regarding CSO impacts and control needs.


1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bittanti ◽  
Fabrizio Lorito ◽  
Silvia Strada

In this paper, Linear Quadratic (LQ) optimal control concepts are applied for the active control of vibrations in helicopters. The study is based on an identified dynamic model of the rotor. The vibration effect is captured by suitably augmenting the state vector of the rotor model. Then, Kalman filtering concepts can be used to obtain a real-time estimate of the vibration, which is then fed back to form a suitable compensation signal. This design rationale is derived here starting from a rigorous problem position in an optimal control context. Among other things, this calls for a suitable definition of the performance index, of nonstandard type. The application of these ideas to a test helicopter, by means of computer simulations, shows good performances both in terms of disturbance rejection effectiveness and control effort limitation. The performance of the obtained controller is compared with the one achievable by the so called Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) approach, well known within the helicopter community.


Author(s):  
Mathias Stefan Roeser ◽  
Nicolas Fezans

AbstractA flight test campaign for system identification is a costly and time-consuming task. Models derived from wind tunnel experiments and CFD calculations must be validated and/or updated with flight data to match the real aircraft stability and control characteristics. Classical maneuvers for system identification are mostly one-surface-at-a-time inputs and need to be performed several times at each flight condition. Various methods for defining very rich multi-axis maneuvers, for instance based on multisine/sum of sines signals, already exist. A new design method based on the wavelet transform allowing the definition of multi-axis inputs in the time-frequency domain has been developed. The compact representation chosen allows the user to define fairly complex maneuvers with very few parameters. This method is demonstrated using simulated flight test data from a high-quality Airbus A320 dynamic model. System identification is then performed with this data, and the results show that aerodynamic parameters can still be accurately estimated from these fairly simple multi-axis maneuvers.


1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita V. Shankar ◽  
Joel Gittelsohn ◽  
Elizabeth K. Pradhan ◽  
Chandra Dhungel ◽  
Keith P. West

This case–control study compares the home garden and animal husbandry practices of households with and without xerophthalmic children in south-central Nepal, focusing on the relationship between these practices and household intake of vitamin A–rich foods. Eighty-one households with a child between the ages of one and six years diagnosed with xerophthalmia (cases) and 81 households with an age-matched, non-xerophthalmic child (controls) were studied. There was little difference between case and control households in the size of their gardens. However, case households were significantly less likely to plant carotenoid-rich vegetables from October to March than were control households (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.96). The mean consumption of non-carotenoid-rich vegetables, but not of carotenoid-rich vegetables, increased linearly with garden size. Case households were significantly more likely than control households to rent domesticated animals from others (χ2 = 5.91; p < .05). Control households were more likely than case households to own chickens and pigeons (χ2 = 6.6–9.2; p < .05). During specific seasons, household meat consumption was significantly lower in case households, regardless of access to animals. Case households appeared to have significantly lower intakes of key vitamin A–rich foods, particularly green leaves and meat, regardless of their socio-economic level (as determined by ownership of material goods), access to animals, or availability of home gardens.


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