Optimal control of traction electric drives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Ovsyannikov ◽  
Tamara Gaytova
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Parametric Optimization ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overload Capacity ◽  
Urban Conditions

The monograph considers various types of traction electric drives of motor vehicles intended for operation in urban conditions. Mathematical models of these systems are proposed. On the basis of parametric optimization and graphoanalytic method, a method of joint control of electric drives according to the criteria of minimum losses and maximum overload capacity, taking into account possible restrictions on the resources of power elements, has been developed. For a wide range of readers interested in improving motor vehicles. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of engineering and technical universities.

scholarly journals The simulation model for a flood management by flood control facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 15002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Davydov ◽  
Valery Antonov ◽  
Dmitry Molodtsov ◽  
Alexey Cheremisin ◽  
Vadim Korablev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Requirements

The rapid spread of storm floods over large areas requires flood management throughout the river basin by the creation an innovative system of flood control facilities of various functional purposes distributed in the area. The central part of the system is the hydro system with hydro power plant. In addition, the flood control facilities on the side tributaries with self-regulating reservoir are included in the system. To assess the effect of controlling extreme water discharges by flood control facilities, it is necessary to develop special mathematical models reflecting the specifics of their operation. Unified mathematical models of the operation modes of a hydro complex with hydroelectric power station and flood control facility are created. They are implemented in a computer program that provides the ability to determine the main parameters and operating characteristics of hydro systems when performing multivariate calculations in a wide range of initial data. This makes possible specifying the parameters and operation modes of each hydro system with the current economic and environmental requirements, to assess the energy-economic and environmental consequences in the operation of the system of flood control facilities distributed in the area. The article analyses the results of the extreme water discharge’s regulation by the hydro system on the main river and flood control facilities on the side tributaries, considering environmental requirements.

scholarly journals Key Challenges in the Status Analysis for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan in Podgorica, Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Radoje Vujadinović ◽  
Jelena Šaković Jovanović ◽  
Aljaž Plevnik ◽  
Luka Mladenovič ◽  
Tom Rye
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Status Analysis

The paper presents the results of the application of a practical approach for collecting data, which provides a simple, cost efficient, and easily reproducible method that was applied to obtain the necessary data for the status analysis of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) for Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro. Important data for the estimation of the existing condition of the traffic system were collected through desk research from the appropriate institutions and organizations. Several surveys and focus group interviews were conducted, in which about 5000 residents of Podgorica participated. In addition to answering questions, residents made numerous suggestions, confirming the correctness of a participatory approach in the new traffic planning paradigm that provides the SUMP with crucial advantages. A manual cordon count of traffic on five bridges for the traffic of the motor vehicles, as well as on two pedestrian-only bridges, was performed by students from the study program Road Traffic, and there are plans to repeat this in the coming years in order to enable more reliable monitoring and evaluation of the obtained data. Contemporary quality management tools such as BYPAD and ParkPAD were also used to assess the status of cycling and parking policy, respectively. It is especially important to emphasize that Podgorica is the first city in the West Balkans, and the fourth city in Europe, in which the ParkPAD tool was applied. A wide range of negative phenomena and trends was identified, like a rapid increase in the number of registered vehicles, an increase in the motorization rate and the number of traffic accidents, increased non-compliance with traffic rules, excessive use of passenger cars and auto-taxi vehicles, insufficient use of unattractive public transport, walking and cycling, etc. Based on the data collected, key challenges in status analysis in Podgorica were identified, which the SUMP should try to overcome.

scholarly journals Optimal control for variable order fractional HIV/AIDS and malaria mathematical models with multi-time delay

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 3149-3162 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.H. Sweilam ◽  
S.M. AL-Mekhlafi ◽  
Z.N. Mohammed ◽  
D. Baleanu
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Variable Order ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 28225-28278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Gentner ◽  
T. B. Ford ◽  
A. Guha ◽  
K. Boulanger ◽  
J. Brioude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

Abstract. Petroleum and dairy operations are prominent sources of gas-phase organic compounds in California's San Joaquin Valley. Ground site measurements in Bakersfield and aircraft measurements of reactive gas-phase organic compounds were made in this region as part of the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) project to determine the sources contributing to regional gas-phase organic carbon emissions. Using a combination of near-source and downwind data, we assess the composition and magnitude of emissions from these prominent sources that are relatively understudied compared to motor vehicles We also developed a statistical modeling method with the FLEXPART-WRF transport and meteorological model using ground-based data to assess the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley. We present evidence for large sources of paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum extraction/processing operations and oxygenated compounds from dairy (and other cattle) operations. In addition to the small straight-chain alkanes typically associated with petroleum operations, we observed a wide range of branched and cyclic alkanes that have limited previous in situ measurements or characterization in emissions from petroleum operations. Observed dairy emissions were dominated by ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid, and methane. Dairy operations were responsible for the vast majority of methane emissions in the San Joaquin Valley; observations of methane were well-correlated with non-vehicular ethanol, and multiple assessments of the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley highlight the dominance of dairy operations for methane emissions. The good agreement of the observed petroleum operations source profile with the measured composition of non-methane hydrocarbons in unrefined natural gas associated with crude oil suggests a fugitive emissions pathway during petroleum extraction, storage, or processing with negligible coincident methane emissions Aircraft observations of emission hotspots from operations at oil wells and dairies are consistent with the statistical source footprint determined via transport modeling and ground-based data. At Bakersfield, petroleum and dairy operations each comprised 22–23% of anthropogenic non-methane organic carbon and were each responsible for ~12% of potential precursors to ozone, but their direct impacts as potential SOA precursors were estimated to be minor. A comparison with the California Air Resources Board emission inventory supports the current relative emission rates of reactive organic gases from these sources in the region.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Based Ethiopian Car’s License Plate Detection and Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5730-5737
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
License Plate ◽  
License Plate Recognition ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Digital Image Processing is application of computer algorithms to process, manipulate and interpret images. As a field it is playing an increasingly important role in many aspects of people’s daily life. Even though Image Processing has accomplished a great deal on its own, nowadays researches are being conducted in using it with Deep Learning (which is part of a broader family, Machine Learning) to achieve better performance in detecting and classifying objects in an image. Car’s License Plate Recognition is one of the hottest research topics in the domain of Image Processing (Computer Vision). It is having wide range of applications since license number is the primary and mandatory identifier of motor vehicles. When it comes to license plates in Ethiopia, they have unique features like Amharic characters, differing dimensions and plate formats. Although there is a research conducted on ELPR, it was attempted using the conventional image processing techniques but never with deep learning. In this proposed research an attempt is going to be made in tackling the problem of ELPR with deep learning and image processing. Tensorflow is going to be used in building the deep learning model and all the image processing is going to be done with OpenCV-Python. So, at the end of this research a deep learning model that recognizes Ethiopian license plates with better accuracy is going to be built.

scholarly journals Robot Modeling for Physical Rehabilitation

Robotics ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1212-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Sales Gonçalves ◽  
João Carlos Mendes Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Rehabilitation Robots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Movable Platform ◽  
Human Limb ◽  
Robot Modeling

The science of rehabilitation shows that repeated movements of human limbs can help the patient regain function in the injured limb. There are three types of mechanical systems used for movement rehabilitation: robots, cable-based manipulators, and exoskeletons. Industrial robots can be used because they provide a three-dimensional workspace with a wide range of flexibility to execute different trajectories, which are useful for motion rehabilitation. The cable-based manipulators consist of a movable platform and a base, which are connected by multiple cables that can extend or retract. The exoskeleton is fixed around the patient's limb to provide the physiotherapy movements. This chapter presents a summary of the principal human limb movements, a review of several mechanical systems used for rehabilitation, as well as common mathematical models of such systems.

scholarly journals Direct Optimal Control Approach to Laser-Driven Quantum Particle Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ramos Ramos ◽  
O. Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Gaussian Approximation ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bistable Potential ◽  
Wavepacket Dynamics ◽  
Direct Optimal Control ◽  
Backward Propagation

Optimal control theory is usually formulated as an indirect method requiring the solution of a two-point boundary value problem. Practically, the solution is obtained by iterative forward and backward propagation of quantum wavepackets. Here, we propose direct optimal control as a robust and flexible alternative. It is based on a discretization of the dynamical equations resulting in a nonlinear optimization problem. The method is illustrated for the case of laser-driven wavepacket dynamics in a bistable potential. The wavepacket is parameterized in terms of a single Gaussian function and field optimization is performed for a wide range of particle masses and lengths of the control interval. Using the optimized field in a full quantum propagation still yields reasonable control yields for most of the considered cases. Analysis of the deviations leads to conditions which have to be fulfilled to make the semiclassical single Gaussian approximation meaningful for field optimization.

scholarly journals Originals of operating images for generalized problems of unsteady heat conductivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kartashov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bessel Functions ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Operational Calculus ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Heaviside Step Function ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Function

A series of operating (Laplace) non-standard images, the originals of which are absent in well-known reference books on operational calculus, are considered. By reducing one of the basic images to the Riemann-Mellin contour integral for the modified Bessel functions and analyzing the corresponding inversion formula using the approaches of the complex variable function theory, an analytical form of the original original is found, which is abrupt in nature with a break point. It is shown that analytical solutions of the corresponding mathematical models using the found originals have a wave character, which is expressed by the presence of the Heaviside step function in the solutions. The latter means that at any time there is a region of physical disturbance to the point of discontinuity and an unperturbed area after the point of discontinuity. The images studied are included in the operational solutions of mathematical models in many areas of applied mathematics. physics, thermomechanics, thermal physics, in particular in the theory of thermal shock of viscoelastic bodies, in the study of the thermal reaction of solids based on the classical Maxwell-Cattaneo-Lykov-Vernott phenomenology, taking into account the final rate of heat propagation. These models are needed to study the thermal reaction of relatively new consolidated structurally sensitive polymeric materials in structures exposed to high-intensity external influences. The analytical relations obtained for the originals and the original improper integrals resulting from them, containing combinations of Bessel functions, can be used in the general methodology of constructing and applying various mathematical models in a wide range of external influences on materials in many fields of science and technology.

Application of minimal mathematical models for the dynamics of the signaling pathway of the p53 - miRNA to the analysis of laboratory data

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-49
Author(s):  
Софья Дмитриевна Сенотрусова ◽  
Ольга Фалалеевна Воропаева ◽  
Юрий Иванович Шокин
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
P53 Signaling Pathway

Работа посвящена практическому использованию минимальных математических моделей динамики сигнального пути p53 для описания достаточно широкого круга лабораторных экспериментов, в которых взаимодействие p53 и белковингибиторов p53 опосредуется микроРНК, образующими с p53 петлю положительной обратной связи. Представлены базовая модель, разработанные на ее основе новые минимальные модели, алгоритм численного решения прямых и обратных коэффициентных задач и результаты сопоставления полученных численных решений с экспериментальными данными о динамике уровней белков p53, p21, Bax, белков-ингибиторов Mdm2, Wip1, Sirt1 и различных микроРНК (miR-16, miR-34a, miR-192, miR-194, miR-215) в условиях стрессовых воздействий. С привлечением полученных математических моделей исследованы базовые механизмы функционирования сигнального пути p53 в условиях, приближенных к условиям конкретных лабораторных экспериментов in vitro и in vivo. Продемонстрированы синергический эффект гиперактивации сигнального пути p53, в котором задействованы микроРНК, и механизмы бимодального переключения. Показана ключевая роль p53-зависимых микроРНК в реализации некоторых гипотетических терапевтических стратегий, связанных с управлением механизмом активации апоптоза клеток. В рамках принятой базовой модели даны оценки вероятности рассогласования в диагностике дегенеративных заболеваний, основанной на анализе уровня p53зависимых микроРНК и p53, при слабой и умеренной дерегуляции микроРНК. This study addresses the practical use of minimal mathematical models of the dynamics of a hypothetical system of the p53 signaling pathway to describe a fairly wide range of laboratory experiments. In such system, the interaction of p53 and p53 inhibitor proteins is mediated by microRNAs that form a positive feedback loop with p53. A basic model, new minimal models developed on its basis, an algorithm for the numerical solution of direct and inverse coefficient problems, and the results of comparing the obtained numerical solutions with experimental data on the dynamics of the levels of p53, p21, Bax proteins, inhibitor proteins Mdm2, Wip1, Sirt1, and various microRNAs (miR-16, miR-34a, miR-192, miR-194, miR-215) under stress conditions are presented. In numerical experiments, the main mechanisms of the p53 signaling pathway were investigated. A synergistic effect of hyperactivation of the p53 signaling pathway and bimodal switching mechanisms has been demonstrated. We show the key role of p53-dependent microRNAs in the implementation of some hypothetical therapeutic strategies associated with the control mechanism for activation of cells apoptosis. Within the framework of the accepted basic model, we estimated the probability of mismatch in the diagnosis of the patient’s status. The status is based on the analysis of the level of p53-dependent microRNAs and p53, with weak and moderate deregulation of microRNAs.

scholarly journals Socially vs. Privately Optimal Control of Livestock Diseases: A Case for Integration of Epidemiology and Economics

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângelo J. Mendes ◽  
Daniel T. Haydon ◽  
Emma McIntosh ◽  
Nick Hanley ◽  
Jo E. B. Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Livestock Diseases

This paper aims to illustrate the interdependencies between key epidemiological and economic factors that influence the control of many livestock infectious diseases. The factors considered here are (i) farmer heterogeneity (i.e., differences in how farmers respond to a perceived disease risk), (ii) off-farm effects of farmers' actions to control a disease (i.e., costs and benefits borne by agents that are external to the farm), and (iii) misalignment between privately and socially optimal control efforts (i.e., privately optimal behavior not conducive to a socially optimal outcome). Endemic chronic diseases cause a wide range of adverse social and economic impacts, particularly in low-income countries. The actions taken by farmers to control livestock diseases minimize some of these impacts, and heterogeneity in those actions leads to variation in prevalence at the farm level. While some farmers respond to perceived disease risks, others free-ride on the actions of these individuals, thereby compromising the potential benefits of collective, coordinated behavior. When evaluating a plausible range of disease cost to price of control ratios and assuming that farmers choose their privately optimal control effort, we demonstrate that achievement of a socially optimal disease control target is unlikely, occurring in <25% of all price-cost combinations. To achieve a socially optimal disease control outcome (reliant on farmers' voluntary actions), control policies must consider farmer heterogeneity, off-farm effects, and the predicted uptake of control measures under the assumption of optimized behavior.

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