Self-awareness and personal adaptive potential in normal and impaired development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Kuz'mina

The monograph presents the generalized results of the author's scientific activity related to the diagnosis and phenomenological description of the state of self-consciousness and the Self-concept of persons with developmental disorders, in particular with mild mental retardation. The variants of self-awareness diagnostics and a comprehensive assessment of the personal adaptive potential of subjects of different ages with intellectual disabilities are presented and methodologically justified. The presented methods allow us to form an individual adaptive profile based on a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators of adaptability/maladaptivity. The content aspects of the formation of the antisocial potential of a person with mild mental retardation, in particular, the problems of suggestibility, indoctrination and the participation of persons with intellectual disabilities in criminal communities, are separately identified. It will be useful for students, postgraduates, researchers and practitioners in the field of pedagogy, psychology, law.

Author(s):  
Anna Afonina ◽  
Aleksandr Kazyulin ◽  
Boris Volodin ◽  
Dmitry Petrov

This study presents the results of studying the features of self-consciousness of adolescents with socialized behavior disorder, such as self-attitude (affective component of the image of the Self), self-concept, self-esteem and the level of claims.


2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Lysia Rachel Moreira BASÍLIO ◽  
Antonio ROAZZI ◽  
Alexsandro Medeiros do NASCIMENTO ◽  
José Arturo Costa ESCOBAR

Abstract The present study investigated incarceration as a possible triggering factor of self-concept transformations. Self-concept consists of a set of multiple dimensions organized hierarchically functioning as cognitive schemas. It is a structural complex product of reflective activity, and it is susceptible to changes as the individual encounters new situations, life transitions, and social roles. To investigate the transformations in the self-concept structure, 150 incarcerated women responded to the Feminine Inventory of the Self-Concept's Gender Schemas, Self-Concept Clarity Scale and Situational Self-Awareness Scale. The results showed dynamic and multidimensional organization of self-concept in the women investigated, including various categories of the self. The elements analyzed indicate that prison, an undesirable life event in adulthood, is a driver of transformations in the dynamics of self-concept.


Author(s):  
Shevchuk V.V.

Purpose. The purposeof the article is to analyze the results of an empirical study of the peculiarities of child-parent relationships in families raising children with complex developmental disorders.Methods. To achieve this goal, psychodiagnostic techniques were used, such as E. Schaefer’s Parental Attitude Test (PARI) and VV Parental Attitude Test Questionnaire. Stolina and A.Ya. Vargi. Student’s parametric criterion was used to identify statistical differences in parental attitudes in different groups.Results. A comparative study was conducted on 136 parents of children with musculoskeletal disorders and mental retardation, 152 parents of children with complex speech disabilities in combination with intellectual disabilities and 184 parents with children without developmental disabilities. A total of 472 parents took part in the study of child-parent relationships in families raising children with complex developmental disorders. The difference in the parental attitude to mentally retarded children with musculoskeletal disorders and to children with a complex of speech and intellectual disorders is a combination of the first higher level of emotional rejection and, at the same time, infantilization of the child. Parents of children with intellectual disabilities try to protect their children from the difficulties, complexities of the world and at the same time, this is one of the frustrating factors that manifests itself in the increased irritability of parents. Parents of children with disabilities are more likely to encourage the child’s dependence, to consider the child dependent and infantile. Parents of children with motor and intellectual disabilities are more likely to perceive their child as an unadapted life and a loser.Conclusions. The most unfavorable for the child attitudes and the nature of the relationship are demonstrated by parents who raise children with movement disorders and mental retardation compared to the parents of children with language and intellectual disabilities. Parents who have children with speech and intellectual disabilities have a more positive pedagogical prognosis of their upbringing and education of children, and hence the possible more successful social adaptation of the child in the future.Key words: children, dysontogenesis, parents, musculoskeletal disorders, mental retardation, speech disorders. Мета статті полягає в аналізі результатів емпіричного дослідження особливостей дитячо-батьківських стосунків у сім’ях, які виховують дітей із комплексними порушеннями розвитку.Методи. Для досягнення мети були використані такі психодіагностичні методики, як тест бать-ківських настанов (PARI) E. Шефера і тест-опитувальник батьківського ставлення В.В. Століна й А.Я. Варги. Для виявлення статистичної відмінності в батьківському ставленні в різних групах засто-совували параметричний критерій Стьюдента.Результати. Було проведено порівняльне дослідження 136 батьків дітей із порушенням опорно-рухового апарату та розумовою відсталістю, 152 батьків дітей зі складними мовленнєвими вадами в поєднанні з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку та 184 батьків, які мають дітей із нормативним розвитком. Загалом у вивченні дитячо-батьківських взаємин у сім’ях, які виховують дітей із комплексними порушеннями розвитку, взяли участь 472 батьків. Відмінність у батьківському ставленні до розумово відсталих дітей із порушенням опорно-рухового апарату і до дітей із комплексом мовленнєвих та інте-лектуальних порушень полягає в поєднанні в перших більш високого рівня емоційного відкидання і водночас інфантилізації дитини. Батьки дітей, що мають інтелектуальне недорозвинення, намагаються захистити своїх дітей від труднощів, складнощів навколишнього світу, саме це є одним із фруструючих чинників, що проявляється в підвищеній дратівливості батьків. Батьки дітей із вадами розвитку більш схильні заохочувати залежність дитини, уважати дитину несамостійною й інфантильною. Батьки дітей із руховими й інтелектуальними порушеннями більш схильні сприймати свою дитину непристосованою до життя та невдахою. Висновки. Найбільш несприятливі для дитини настанови та характер взаємин демонструють батьки, які виховують дітей із руховими порушеннями та розумовою відсталістю, порівняно з батьками дітей із порушеннями мовленнєвого й інтелектуального розвитку. Батьки, які мають дітей із логопедичними й інтелектуальними вадами розвитку, мають більш позитивний педагогічний прогноз їх виховання і навчання, отже, і можливу більш успішну соціальну адаптацію дитини в майбутньому.Ключові слова: діти, дизонтогенез, батьки, порушення опорно-рухового апарату, розумова відсталість, мовленнєві порушення.


Author(s):  
Fatma Laili Khoirin Nida

<p>One of the most psychic elements plays a role in the development<br />of individual personality is the self concept, which is an overall self-concept<br />self image that includes a person’s perception of himself, feelings, beliefs,<br />and values associated with him. The self concept is an important aspect in a<br />person, in which the self concept is a frame of reference to interact with the<br />environment. When people perceive themselves, give meaning and shape<br />abstraction assessment of him means he showed self-awareness and the ability<br />to get out of myself to see him as he did to the world outside himself.<br />The process of development of self-concept often experience problems when<br />should collide with the physical and psychological conditions that do not<br />support. This is as it occurs in the disability children. Barriers that often arise<br />in the process of development for disability children often result in low quality<br />of their self-concept. Negative self-concept in disability children are often<br />influenced by various factors such as the refusal of parents, teachers, friends<br />and society. Then the required education and put more stress on approaches<br />that are emotional in educational services for disability children that can be<br />played by educators, psychologists, and community that contribute to the<br />formation of a positive self-concept. The success of disability children in the<br />form of positive self concept will bring opportunities for disability children to<br />be more independent and confident that they are capable of self-actualization<br />is better in their lives.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jankowski ◽  
Wacław Bąk

The main aim of this article is to present a descriptive social-cognitive model of the adaptive self-concept (ASC) which integrates knowledge concerning the relationship between two aspects of the self—self-awareness and self-knowledge—and optimal functioning. We propose that adaptive self-awareness is moderately frequent, non-ruminative, focused on inner states, and motivated by curiosity. Adaptive self-knowledge is defined as accurate, complex, integrated and consisting of easily accessible self-beliefs, both abstract and concrete. The broader context for the ASC model is discussed, including its regulatory and interpersonal functions and factors which influence ASC development. The limitations of the model are discussed and suggestions are made for future investigations.


Author(s):  
Milatul Zulfa

This study aims to determine the implementation process or the application of the mosaic method in introducing vowels for mild retarded children who are in grade 1 at Giwangan Elementary School in Yogyakarta. In addition, this study also aims to determine the changes that occur in mild retarded students after using the mosaic method in learning Indonesian, specifically to introduce vowels. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were grade 1 students with intellectual disabilities who had the initials X at Giwangan Elementary School in Yogyakarta. The object of this research is the application of the mosaic method as a solution to introduce vowels in mildly retarded children. Data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes. The results of this study indicate that by using the mosaic method in learning the introduction of vowels in mild retarded children is actually feeling very enthusiastic and have a spirit of learning rather than by using methods that have been previously applied. In addition, with mild mental retardation X, was very happy and painstaking with little by little sticking pieces of paper that were pasted and arranged to be a letter in question.


1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Misra

The effects of self-monitoring on generalization and maintenance of social skills were investigated. Participants were one female and two male adults with mild mental retardation. A multiple-baseline-across-subjects design with five phases was employed. After an initial baseline condition, the subjects were trained in individualized social skills. Following return to baseline, subjects were taught to self-monitor their behavior, in both training and natural settings. Finally, the use of the self-monitoring device was faded, and all intervention contingencies were withdrawn for the maintenance phase. Data were collected in the analogue and generalization settings throughout all phases of the study. Self-monitoring assisted in generalization of trained social skills across settings and people; however, maintenance results were variable.


1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Woodward

All scientific activity involves some method of observation and some method of recording what is observed. These activities can be carried out in ways that involve little interaction between subject and object, as is the case when a telescope observes a far-away star. At the other end of the scale are experiments in modern high energy physics in which there is little distinction between the observer and the observed, and the process of observation materially affects the data that are recorded. In this regard, research on human phenomena resembles modern physics more than it does classical astronomy.Research on human phenomena, however, differs from modern physics in the way in which it affects that which is observed. Both the procedures and the findings of research on human phenomena alter the modes of thinking and the self-awareness of the (human) objects of study.


Author(s):  
Mark Alicke ◽  
Yiyue Zhang ◽  
Nicole Stephenson

Research has explored the relationship between self-knowledge and self-awareness. Specifically, psychologists see self-awareness as a step on the path toward self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is not a monolithic concept. For instance, the working self-concept is the self that is most relevant and accessible at a given time, while the global self-concept is an enduring, stored version of oneself. Implicit self-views are normally unconscious, whereas explicit self-views are generally conscious. The discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-knowledge sometimes results in inaccurate evaluations of attitudes, thoughts, and feelings. Other types of self-knowledge are context-dependent. Established theories such as social identity theory state that people have distinct self-views in different situations. For example, self-complexity refers to the number of self-aspects a person possesses. Finally, there are also distinctions between accurate (i.e., self-assessment theory) and positive self-knowledge (i.e., self-enhancement theory). Self-assessment theory posits that people are information seekers who desire accurate self-views. On the contrary, self-enhancement theory says that people seek to maintain positive self-views and are averse to negative self-information. Depending on the context and the concerns for self-presentation, individuals have preferences to pursue accurate or enhancing self-information. Increased self-knowledge can manifest in three major ways: via biological, interpersonal, and intrapsychic origins. Biological explanations of the origins of self-knowledge are mostly concerned with genetic expressions and brain activities. Interpersonal paths also help individuals develop self-knowledge. For instance, social comparison facilitates people’s formation of self-views by comparing themselves with similar others. Reflected appraisals increase people’s awareness of their own abilities, qualities, and identities through others’ lens. Intrapsychic self-knowledge can be obtained through self-perception, in which people learn about themselves by observing and analyzing their behaviors in relevant situations. Introspection—focusing on the self—helps people ascertain the reasons behind their feelings and behaviors, which contributes to self-views. However, introspection can sometimes lead to flawed self-knowledge, or result in negative feelings induced by the feelings of inadequacy. Building on introspection, self-awareness provides another avenue for self-knowledge. The capacity to be aware of one’s existence, or reflexive self-consciousness, is a fundamental component of human cognition. Experimentally induced self-awareness has been shown to have positive effects (e.g., greater compliance with internal standards). Sometimes, however, awareness can have aversive consequences (e.g., suicide) because it reveals that one has fallen short of one’s goals. One way to reduce this discomfort is to avoid self-awareness, such as by cognitive deconstruction—an induction of a cognitive state that lacks emotion, a sense of the future, or concentration on the present. Another way to avoid self-awareness is through deindividuation, which is characterized by a temporary loss of personal identity, especially in a large group. Because self-awareness is associated with both life- and death-related thoughts, researchers argue the nature of this awareness is existential.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document