Ens realissimum: The Life and Philosophy of Johann Wolfgang Goethe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Gorohov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johann Wolfgang Goethe

The monograph examines the philosophical foundations of the worldview of the greatest German poet, scientist and thinker through the prism of his spiritual activity, the foundation of which is the concept of "productivity". In addition, the following questions are studied: Goethe's contribution to natural science, the influence of philosophical traditions on Goethe's worldview. A philosophical commentary on the tragedy "Faust"is given. The monograph combines biographical and thematic approaches to the presentation of the material. For all those interested in the problems of the history of philosophy.

MARTIN HEIDEGGER E A MÍSTICA MEDIEVAL. EM BUSCA DE UMA COMPREENSÃO FENOMENOLÓGICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (136) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Bento Silva Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Religion And Theology ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Resumo: O artigo comenta globalmente algumas anotações da Vorlesung não proferida – “Os Fundamentos Filosóficos da Mística Medieval” (1918-1919) – na tentativa ainda fragmentária de esboçar uma compreensão fenomenológica da experiência mística. Assim, destaco, primeiramente, as duas observações iniciais de Heidegger sobre o sentido ambíguo da formulação “fundamentos filosóficos da mística medieval” ora com base na história da filosofia (1), ora com base na abordagem fenomenológica. Em segundo lugar, optando pela mística medieval como expressão (Ausdruck) da religiosidade cristã, Heidegger estabelece uma dupla distinção: de um lado, a religiosidade se distingue tanto da filosofia da religião como da teologia; de outro lado, a separação entre o problema da teologia e problema da religiosidade cristã (2). Por fim, em função desta oposição problemática entre teologia escolástica e mística medieval, trato brevemente da permanência ambígua do esquema de pensamento da teologia cristã no Denkweg de Heidegger, que pressupõe inegavelmente suas origens católicas (3).Abstract: This article broadly discusses Heidegger’s notes for his undelivered Vorlesung - “The Philosophical Foundations of Medieval Mysticism” (1918-1919) - in a still fragmentary attempt to outline a phenomenological understanding of the mystical experience. In order to do so, I first highlight the two initial observations of Heidegger concerning the meaning of the ambiguous wording “philosophical foundations of medieval mysticism”, sometimes referring to the basis of mysticism in the history of philosophy (1), sometimes to its phenomenological approach. Second, I discuss Heidegger’s option to consider medieval mystic as expression (Ausdruck) of Christian religiousness. Thus, the author establishes a double distinction: on the one hand, religiousness distinguishes itself from both the philosophy of religion and theology, and on the other hand, the problem of theology is separated from that of Christian religiousness (2). Finally, in light of this problematic opposition between scholastic theology and medieval mysticism, I briefly deal with the ambiguous persistence of the model of thinking of the Christian theology in Heidegger’s Denkweg, that unmistakably presupposes his Catholic origins (3).

scholarly journals Social Relations, Science, Education, Lifestyle and Social Life in the Historical and Philosophical Heritage of the Khorezm Mamun Academy

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 939-954
Author(s):  
Masharipova Gularam Kamilovna
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Social Life ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
History Of

In the historical and philosophical heritage of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Mamun, issues of social relations, science, education, lifestyle and social life are scientifically analyzed. It consists in identifying the influence of the natural science heritage of the scientists of the Khorezm Academy of Mamun on the development of socio-philosophical thinking, substantiating its significance in the history of philosophy, its place in the development of modern philosophy and its role in the development of philosophy. creation of new knowledge.

1. Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timothy Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural World ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Philosophical Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Better Than

The Introduction focuses on the history of philosophy and intersections between philosophy, common sense, natural science, and mathematics, exploring what it means to do philosophy well in practice. How do we confirm that the methods philosophers use are appropriate for answering their questions? How is philosophy related to science? From the ancient Greeks onwards, philosophy included the study of the natural world. Galileo and Newton were scientists, Descartes a mathematician. When natural science and mathematics grew apart and developed their distinct methodologies, why was philosophy not rendered obsolete? What can philosophical methods still do better than scientific and mathematical methods?

scholarly journals Development of semantic changes in a phraseological feature nominating a person’s emotional state (based on the material of modern Russian prose)

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Natalija E. Pochitalkina ◽  
Alla F. Matushak ◽  
Daria S. Bespalova
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Illustrative Material

This work argues the idea of the semantic priority of phraseological units in expressing of the distinctive qualitative, in particular, emotional, characteristics of a person. We make an attempt to describe phraseological units feature that nominate a person’s emotional state, used in the D.I. Rubina’s works. As a result of a large illustrative material analysis of the author’s card index, the units under consideration can realize the semantics of both negative and positive assessment by a person of objects, state, intelligence, facts and events of reality that cause emotions, as well as rejection of something. A sufficient quantitative representation of emotive units in the author’s card index allows us to identify the “buildup of meanings” in the content of the phraseological units. According to F. Brentano, the traditionally drawn border between the external and the inter-nal is conditional not only because there are phenomena that belong to the field of research both natural science, and psychology. It is found that “...not only the physical changes of the physical state are caused, but the mental – the mental ones, but the physical state can also result in the mental, and the mental state – the physical” (Vide: History of Philosophy: Encyclopedia. Available at: http://velikanov.ru/philosophy/brentano.asp/). Thus, the layering of phraseological nominations of characteristic semantics is presented, the nuclear and peripheral meanings of the substantial volume of the analyzed units are determined.

scholarly journals Theophrastus of Eresus

Classics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Baltussen
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Young Men ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Science Ethics ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metropolitan Center

Theophrastus of Eresus (372/1–282/1 bce) came from the island of Lesbos (near Turkey) and was originally named Tyrtamos. Like many young men he was drawn to the metropolitan center of philosophical thought, Athens, and he studied briefly with Plato, then an old man (c. 356/5). But he went on to study with Aristotle, who gave him the name Theophrastus, “gifted speaker” (from theo- “divine” and phrazein “to speak”). Eventually they became colleagues and collaborators until Aristotle’s death (322 bce), at which point he became the next head of the Peripatetic school in Athens (322/1 bce). Important recent finds in Arabic and Syriac sources and the 1992 edition of the sources for his life and works have given us a better understanding of his ideas, independence of thought, and influence. In addition, new editions of his botanical works and small treatises in natural science also increased our understanding of his approach and thought. His extant works and the fragments show him as a conscientious and wide-ranging scholar and researcher. While incomplete, the evidence still allows us to reconstruct his philosophical activities, for instance, in natural science, biology, psychology, human physiology, logic and rhetoric. He spent much of his time engaged in natural science, a field which had already become very broad under Aristotle. Theophrastus continued to work in several areas but added a considerable number of studies, some on topics of the inanimate world, such as fire, stones, winds and weather signs, as well as on matters of physiology (e.g., sweat, dizziness). He made particular contributions of his own in ethics, botany, and the study of sense perception. A list of his works in Diogenes Laertius 5.42–50 contains some 220 titles, of which we still have his researches into plants, nine short works, one large section of a survey of earlier views, and approximately eight hundred fragments found in later sources. Despite the partial survival of his output he comes across as a productive philosopher and scientist, who managed to safeguard the intellectual inheritance of Aristotle and made his own contributions in logic, metaphysics, natural science, ethics, and the “history” of philosophy.

Philosophy in Italy

Philosophy ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Applied Mechanics ◽  
General Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Timely Completion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Questions

F. Enriques and G. de Santillana have begun in collaboration the composition of a general history of scientific thought. The first volume of this work, which has been recently published, is concerned with the science of antiquity,1 and to a large extent covers the same ground as the history of ancient philosophy, as the frontiers of philosophy and natural science, at any rate until the time of Aristotle, were not yet clearly differentiated. But the two historians are interested in bringing into prominence a great many problems and personalities that the history of philosophy generally leaves on one side, although they help to complete and vivify the picture of the mentality of the ancients. Mathematics, medicine, geography, astronomy, applied mechanics, and physics, in short all the particular scientific studies that were just beginning to detach themselves from the parent trunk of general philosophy are studied by the authors in their individual developments and through the personalities of their cultivators. The explanations are clear and simple and can be followed even by readers unversed in science; the information is at first hand and is supplemented by a careful discussion of sources. The scientific questions are not isolated from the historical setting of the civilization of antiquity, but are shown in relation to matters of philosophy, religion, art, and moral and political life. The bibliography, intended for the more purely scientific and technical departments of philosophy, forms a very useful and timely completion of the bibliography of philosophic thought in general.

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