scholarly journals Cultural Variations in the Glass Ceiling Effect: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Ragitha Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Career Ladder ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Sticky Floor ◽  
Different Cultures

Gender Disparity is a universal phenomenon. The effect is more evident in an organisational setup. Two common forms of gender disparity are sticky floor effect and glass ceiling effect. Glass ceiling effect refers to the barriers that prevent women from progressing to the higher positions in the organisations. It can lead to differences in pay and may prevent women from climbing up the career ladder. The barriers may be psychological, social or organisational. The paper discusses the presence of glass ceiling across different cultures and its implications.

scholarly journals Investigating the gender wage gap in Vietnam by quantile regression: Sticky floor or glass ceiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (S01) ◽  
pp. 04-23
Author(s):  
Anh Trần Thị Tuấn
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Sticky Floor

Inequality between men and women in the labor market is one of the issues that is of great interest in labor economics. The sticky floor effect occurs when the gender wage gap widens at the lower tail of the wage distribution. The glass ceiling effect in wage exists if the gender wage gap at the top of the wage distribution is wider than other positions. This study uses the dataset of VHLSS2014 and adopts quantile regression to investigate the existence of glass ceiling and sticky floor in the Vietnam’s labor market. The overall results obtained of the entire sample show that there is sticky floor effect but no glass ceiling in the Vietnam’s labor market. However, the results are different when it comes to each labor group. In terms of urban and rural areas, the sticky floor exists, but the glass ceiling does not in both areas. In terms of state and private sectors, while the glass ceiling exists in state sector, the stick floor is only present in the private sector.

scholarly journals IS GENDER PLAYS A ROLE IN WORKPLACE?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Waruni Thiranagama
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Career Ladder ◽  
Qualified Person ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
The World ◽  
Women Participation

Women participation in the workplace has increased dramatically in recent years, yet the women in the the highest positions of the organizations are still rare. Women face greater barriers that are different from those of their male counterparts when moving up the career ladder. Glass-ceiling refers to situations where the advancement of a qualified person within the hierarchy of an organization is halted at a particular level. The paper discusses the glass ceiling of women employees and the nature of the glass ceiling among the women in society. Further it provides a critical analysis on the glass ceiling by giving empirical evidence from different authors. Evidence shows that glass ceiling is still prevalent around the world. However, cooperates do not believe the existence of glass ceiling, which makes the situation worse by hiding reality. They argued that glass-ceiling effect is a myth created by society. Moreover, it is argued that the lack of women employees in the top positions of the organizations is not because of the glass-ceiling was there but because the factors within the women employees hinder their movements to the top positions in the organizations. Hence glass ceiling remains still debatable.

Theory and Evidence on the Glass Ceiling Effect Using Matched Worker-firm Data

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jellal ◽  
Christophe J. Nordman ◽  
Francois-Charles Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Firm Data

Weight discrimination and the glass ceiling effect among top US CEOs

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia V. Roehling ◽  
Mark V. Roehling ◽  
Jeffrey D. Vandlen ◽  
Justin Blazek ◽  
William C. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Weight Discrimination

scholarly journals HIT-6 and EQ-5D-5L in patients with migraine: assessment of common latent constructs and development of a mapping algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Oliveira Gonçalves ◽  
Dimitra Panteli ◽  
Lars Neeb ◽  
Tobias Kurth ◽  
Annette Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Floor Effect ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Latent Constructs ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Objective The aims of this study were to assess whether there is a conceptual overlap between the questionnaires HIT-6 and EQ-5D and to develop a mapping algorithm allowing the conversion of HIT-6 to EQ-5D utility scores for Germany. Methods This study used data from an ongoing randomised controlled trial for patients suffering from migraine. We assessed the conceptual overlap between the two instruments with correlation matrices and exploratory factor analysis. Linear regression, tobit, mixture, and two-part models were used for mapping, accounting for repeated measurements, tenfold cross-validation was conducted to validate the models. Results We included 1010 observations from 410 patients. The EQ-5D showed a substantial ceiling effect (47.3% had the highest score) but no floor effect, while the HIT-6 showed a very small ceiling effect (0.5%). The correlation between the instruments’ total scores was moderate (− 0.30), and low to moderate among each domain (0.021–0.227). The exploratory factor analysis showed insufficient conceptual overlap between the instruments, as they load on different factors. Thus, there is reason to believe that the instruments’ domains do not capture the same latent constructs. To facilitate future mapping, we provide coefficients and a variance–covariance matrix for the preferred model, a two-part model with the total HIT-6 score as the explanatory variable. Conclusion This study showed that the German EQ-5D and the HIT-6 lack the conceptual overlap needed for appropriate mapping. Thus, the estimated mapping algorithms should only be used as a last resort for estimating utilities to be employed in economic evaluations.

scholarly journals Women neurosurgeons around the world: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. E12
Author(s):  
Tina Lulla ◽  
Rosemary T. Behmer Hansen ◽  
Cynthia A. Smith ◽  
Nicole A. Silva ◽  
Nitesh V. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Physical Burden ◽  
The World ◽  
Country Specific

OBJECTIVEGender disparities in neurosurgery have persisted even as the number of female medical students in many countries has risen. An understanding of the current gender distribution of neurosurgeons around the world and the possible factors contributing to country-specific gender disparities is an important step in improving gender equity in the field.METHODSThe authors performed a systematic review of studies pertaining to women in neurosurgery. Papers listed in PubMed in the English language were collected. A modified grounded theory approach was utilized to systematically identify and code factors noted to contribute to gender disparities in neurosurgery. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows.RESULTSThe authors identified 39 studies describing the density of women neurosurgeons in particular regions, 18 of which documented the proportion of practicing female neurosurgeons in a single or in multiple countries. The majority of these studies were published within the last 5 years. Eight factors contributing to gender disparity were identified, including conference representation, the proverbial glass ceiling, lifestyle, mentoring, discrimination, interest, salary, and physical burden.CONCLUSIONSThe topic of women in neurosurgery has received considerable global scholarly attention. The worldwide proportion of female neurosurgeons varies by region and country. Mentorship was the most frequently cited factor contributing to noted gender differences, with lifestyle, the glass ceiling, and discrimination also frequently mentioned. Future studies are necessary to assess the influence of country-specific sociopolitical factors that push and pull individuals of all backgrounds to enter this field.

scholarly journals eMSQOL-29: Prospective validation of the abbreviated, electronic version of MSQOL-54

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Rosato ◽  
Silvia Testa ◽  
Antonio Bertolotto ◽  
Francesco Scavelli ◽  
Ambra M Giovannetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Floor Effect

Background: We recently devised a shortened version of the 54-item Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL-54) in paper (MSQOL-29, consisting of 25 items forming 7 subscales and 4 single items, and one filter question for 3 ‘sexual function’ items) and electronic format (eMSQOL-29). Objectives: To prospectively assess eMSQOL-29 psychometric properties, acceptability/equivalence versus MSQOL-29. Methods: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients ( n = 623; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) range 0.0–9.0) completed eMSQOL-29, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS), European Quality of life Five Dimensions-3L, and received EDSS and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Equivalence versus MSQOL-29 was assessed in 242 patients (randomized cross-over design). Results: ‘Sexual function’ items were filtered out by 273 patients (47%). No multi-item scale had floor effect, while five had ceiling effect. Cronbach’s alpha range was 0.88–0.90. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good overall fit and the two-factor solution for composite scores was confirmed. Criterion validity was sub-optimal for ‘cognitive function’ (vs SDMT, r = 0.25) and ‘social function’ (vs FAMS social function, r = 0.38). eMSQOL-29 equivalence was confirmed and its acceptability was good. Conclusion: eMSQOL-29 showed good internal consistency, factor structure and no floor effect, while most subscales had some ceiling effect. Criterion validity was sub-optimal for two subscales. Equivalence and acceptability were good.

Glass Ceilings in Portugal?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Ceiling Effect ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Women's Role

Despite the evidence of female progress with regard to women’s role in the labor market, gender inequality remains. Women are still less likely to be employed than men, occupational gender segregation continues, and females continue to earn less than males. The gender wage gap remains wide in several occupational sectors, among which is the information technology (IT) sector. This paper focuses the determinants of gender wage inequality. More precisely, it investigates for statistical evidence of a glass ceiling effect on women’s wages. Based on the quantile regression framework, the empirical analysis extends the decomposition of the average gender wage gap to other parts of the earnings distribution. The main objective is to empirically test whether gender-based wage discrimination is greater among high paid employees, in line with glass ceiling hypothesis. Larger unexplained gaps at the top of the wage distribution indicate the existence of a glass ceiling effect in Portugal.

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