scholarly journals Effect of Media Strength and pH on the Growth of Hairy Roots and Production of Gymnemic Acid from Gymnema Sylvestre

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Praveen N ◽  
I M Chung
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Gymnemic Acid ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium

Gymnema sylvestre (Madhunashini) is one of the most important medicinal plants used as a crude drug for its preventive and therapeutic properties. Among other constituents of Gymnema, gymnemic acid is a major component responsible for biological and pharmacological actions. The present study deals with the influence of different media strength and initial medium pH on the growth of hairy roots and gymnemic acid production from Gymnema sylvestre. Higher strength of the media (1.5X) favoured the biomass production (114.64 g/L FW and 12.63 g/L DW) and gymnemic acid content (11.7 mg/g DW) in the tested range of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 X strength. Among the different hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 5.8, 6.0 and 6.5, initial medium pH of 6.0 favoured the biomass production (102.41 g/L FW and 11.52 g/L DW) and medium pH of 5.8 favoured the gymnemic acid production (11.30 mg/g DW).

570. A medium for the simultaneous enumeration and preliminary identification of milk microflora

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen O. Donovan ◽  
J. M. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Preliminary Identification

A medium has been developed that permits the viable count of milk bacteria to be combined with the determination of biochemical properties likely to be important in milk itself. This has involved the modification of standard glucose-tryptone skim-milk agar by incorporation of two indicators to detect alkali as well as acid production, substitution of lactose for glucose, and increasing the quantity of skim milk for the detection of proteolysis and casein precipitation. The medium has proved particularly valuable in the study of the thermoduric flora of pasteurized milk. The phenomenon of casein precipitation is, however, less reliably determined than are changes in hydrogen-ion concentration and proteolysis.

scholarly journals The effect of low initial medium pH on in vitro white poplar growth

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic ◽  
Marina Katanic ◽  
Zoran Tomovic ◽  
Sasa Pekec
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Shoot Mass

The effect of low initial medium pH on shoot and root development of five white poplar (Populus alba L.) genotypes was tested. The shoot height, fresh mass of shoots per jar, dry mass of shoots per jar, number of roots, as well as the length of the longest root were measured and final pH of the media determined, after 35 days of culture in vitro. Three initial pH values of the medium were tested: 3.0, 4.0 and 5.5 as control. Agar solidification at pH 3.0 was not achieved after sterilization in autoclave, but it was successful after sterilizing in a microwave oven. The obtained results indicate that the tested genotypes are able to significantly influence the changes of media pH during culture. The effect of differences among the examined media was significant for biomass accumulation and final media pH. Generally, significantly higher values of fresh and dry shoot mass, shoot height and the longest root length were recorded on a medium with initial pH 3.0 then on a standard medium with pH 5.5.The implications of the obtained results for the improvement of in vitro propagation of white poplars are discussed.

Improved gymnemic acid production in the suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre through biotic elicitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneswari Chodisetti ◽  
Kiranmayee Rao ◽  
Suryakala Gandi ◽  
Archana Giri
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Gymnemic Acid ◽  
Biotic Elicitation

Gymnemic Acid Production in Suspension Cell Cultures of Gymnema sylvestre

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2263-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Subathra Devi ◽  
S. Murugesh . ◽  
V. Mohana Srinivasan .
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Suspension Cell ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Gymnemic Acid ◽  
Suspension Cell Cultures

scholarly journals STUDIES ON BACTERIAL NUTRITION

1923 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Morgan ◽  
O. T. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Luxuriant Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

In previous papers it has been shown that unheated plant tissue, in the form of potato, contains the two factors necessary for the growth of organisms of the hemoglobinophilic group. Further studies (5) confirmed these findings and showed that yellow and white turnip, carrot, beet, parsnip, and sweet potato can replace blood in the cultivation of Bacillus influenzæ. In the present paper it has been shown that vegetable tissues also greatly facilitate and stimulate the growth of other organisms entirely unrelated to Bacillus influenzæ. Three varieties of Gram-positive cocci have been used in the present study, pneumococcus, Streptococcus hamolyticus, and Streptococcus viridans. With pneumococcus it has been previously shown that prompt and luxuriant growth will occur in broth containing unheated potato even though the seeding be so small that no growth whatever will occur with the same seeding in plain broth (5). In the present study it has been shown that even in dextrose broth this minimal inoculation is followed by a prolonged period of lag, whereas in potato broth this same inoculum serves to initiate immediate and rapid growth. When pneumococci are grown in potato broth not only is the period of lag abolished, but the stationary period of growth is extended and cell death is delayed. Moreover, in plant tissue medium the zone of hydrogen ion concentration within which growth of pneumococcus can be initiated is considerably extended beyond the acid and alkaline limits of the optimal range in ordinary bouillon. It has been found also that the presence of unheated plant tissue in the media likewise stimulates growth of hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci. In this investigation no attempt has been made to determine the exact nature of the substances in plant tissue upon which these properties depend. That they are not of the nature of readily fermentable carbohydrates, however, is made evident by the fact that no increased production of acid occurs in the pneumococcus culture when potato is present.

scholarly journals Effect of some physiological factors on citric acidproduction bythreeisolates ofAspergillus niger acid - hydrolyzed sawdust as a carbon source

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muna, B. Abdulazeez ◽  
Mustafa M. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Citric Acid Production ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration

Introduction: Citric acid (2-hydroxy-propane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid) was first isolated from lemon juice in 1784. It is a primary metabolic product which is formed in the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle. It is estimated that the market value of citric acid will exceed two billion dollars in 2019. About 70% of total citric acid produced globally is utilized in food industry, while about 12% is utilized in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries and the remainder in other industrial purposes. The industrial production of citric acid is undertaken by fermentation process in the presence of filamentous fungi for large scale of production. Aspergillus niger is the most efficient fungus due to its ability to produce more citric acid per unit time and ferment different inexpensive raw materials. Materials and Methods: Three isolates of the fungus Aspergillus niger (An1, An2, An3) were used throughout this study using different carbon source concentration in the form of sawdust acid hydrolysis supplemented with different concentration of (NH4)2H2SO4 as a nitrogen source. The effect of hydrogen ion concentration and addition of methanol to the fermentation medium was also investigated. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that the optimization of carbon and nitrogen concentration had stimulatingeffect on citric acid production by the three used isolates. Moreover, addition of methanol at concentration of 1% at pH of 3.5 highly increased citric acid production. Conclusion: we concluded that the agriculture waste was a favorable substrate for the production of citric acid especially it is cost effective and easily obtainable.

scholarly journals Fitting of pH conditions for the study of concentrate feeds fermentation by the in vitro gas-production technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Amanzougarene ◽  
M. Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Incubation Solution ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Ph Conditions

Two experiments were conducted to simulate in vitro the fermentation conditions under high-concentrate feeding. The concentration of bicarbonate ion in the buffer of the incubation solution was assayed in Experiment 1, by adjusting medium pH to 6.50, 6.25, 6.00, 5.75 and 5.50, in two incubation series of 12 h, using barley as the reference substrate. The pH diminished linearly (P < 0001) by lowering the buffer, and remained constant throughout 12 h, except for treatments 5.75 and 5.50, where pH dropped to 5.51 and 5.31 at 12 h. Gas production decreased linearly with a decreasing medium pH (P < 0.001), with the total volume of gas produced after 12 h being highly dependent (P < 0.01) on pH at 12 h (R2 = 0.629), thus demonstrating the importance of the incubation pH for estimation of fermentation of concentrate feeds. In Experiment 2, the effect of pH on direct and indirect proportion of gas was studied by adding 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mmol of acetic acid, either with or without (water added instead) rumen inoculum, to the media. Linear multiple regressions established between the volume of gas produced and the addition of acetic acid, and the bicarbonate ion concentration showed high determination coefficients for water (R2 = 0.929) and rumen inoculum (R2 = 0.851). Without inoculum, indirect gas production ranged from 9.4 to 12.4 mL/mmol of acid for medium pH of 5.50–6.50. With rumen inoculum, indirect gas was 20.8 mL/mmol acid, although this may have been biased by the contribution of inoculum itself to direct fermentation.

Effect of glucose and inosine triphosphate on seasonal variation of gastric acid production in Rana pipiens

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Mizell
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

The production of acid in vitro by the gastric mucosa of 375 Rana pipiens was studied over a period of 13 months. The frogs were kept at 21°C and histamine was used to induce secretion. Four conditions were studied: a) control, no substrate added to the nutrient solution; b) 10 mm glucose added; c) 0.6 µm inosine triphosphate (ITP) added and d) 10 mm glucose and 0.6 µm ITP added. For each mucosa the change in hydrogen ion concentration (ΔpH), titrable acidity and total chloride produced were measured. The results indicate that the seasonal variation in gastric acid production is due, in part, to a variation in the availability of substrate normally present.

scholarly journals Elicitation of gymnemic acid production in cell suspension cultures of Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. through endophytic fungi

3 Biotech ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudeva Reddy Netala ◽  
Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi ◽  
Susmila Aparna Gaddam ◽  
Sukhendu Bikash Ghosh ◽  
Vijaya Tartte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Gymnemic Acid
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