scholarly journals Diversity and Bioprospecting Potential of Bacteria Isolated from the Arctic: A Preliminary Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Wilson P Abraham Sabu Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Sources ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Cold Adaptations

Bioprospecting is a search for new or better bioproducts from biological sources preferably    from novel biodiversity. Molecules derived from natural products, particularly those produced by plants and microorganisms, have an excellent record of providing novel chemical structures for development as new pharmaceuticals. Bacteria living under stress are best sources for bioprospecting and also these organisms are least explored. This paper focuses on the bioprospecting and biotechnological potential of bacteria isolated from the Polar Regions. In this context, let us have a glance through the major cold adaptations of psychrophiles and their application potentials with special reference to psychrophilic enzymes. Our lab focus on identifying the biofilm inhibitors against bacterial pathogens and novel molecules of medical importance from bacteria and actinomycetes isolated from Arctic, the North Pole. We are also interested in profiling the diversity, multidrug resistance pattern   and the molecular mechanisms involved in bacteria isolated from the pristine environment.

scholarly journals The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of summer Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1324
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Gray ◽  
Kevin I. Hodges ◽  
Jonathan L. Vautrey ◽  
John Methven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Vorticity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Cyclone Genesis

Abstract. Human activity in the Arctic is increasing as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for improved understanding of hazardous weather there. Arctic cyclones are the major weather systems affecting the Arctic environment during summer, including the sea ice distribution. Mesoscale to synoptic-scale tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) frequently occur in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. However, while the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, as well as being an integral part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is mainly limited to a few case studies. Here we examine the extent to which Arctic cyclone growth is coupled to TPVs by analysing a climatology of summer Arctic cyclones and TPVs produced by tracking both features in the latest ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5). The annual counts of Arctic cyclones and TPVs are significantly correlated for features with genesis either within or outside the Arctic, implying that TPVs have a role in the development of Arctic cyclones. However, only about one-third of Arctic cyclones have their genesis or intensify while a TPV of Arctic origin is (instantaneously) within about twice the Rossby radius of the cyclone centre. Consistent with the different track densities of the full sets of Arctic cyclones and TPVs, cyclones with TPVs within range throughout their intensification phase (matched cyclones) track preferentially over the Arctic Ocean along the North American coastline and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In contrast, cyclones intensifying distant from any TPV (unmatched cyclones) track preferentially along the northern coast of Eurasia. Composite analysis reveals the presence of a distinct relative vorticity maximum at and above the tropopause level associated with the TPV throughout the intensification period for matched cyclones and that these cyclones have a reduced upstream tilt compared to unmatched cyclones. Interaction of cyclones with TPVs has implications for the predictability of Arctic weather, given the long lifetime but relatively small spatial scale of TPVs compared with the density of the polar observation network.

Soviet terms for the north of the USSR

Polar Record ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (69) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
The Arctic Region

There has for long been discussion among Soviet geographers on the definition of various terms in Soviet usage to indicate the northern part of the USSR. Some of these terms—“the Arctic” [Arktika], “the Arctic region” [arkticheskaya oblast'], “the sub-Arctic” [subarktika], “the polar regions” [Zapolyar'ye]—are normally used to denote areas defined according to physical criteria. Such criteria are similar to those usually applied outside the USSR, such as the “10° C. July isotherm”, the “tree line”, or the “limit of continuous permafrost”, and, again as in the non-Soviet world, the terms have no generally accepted precise meaning and must be defined by each user. But in addition to these terms for natural regions, there are certain terms in predominantly economic and administrative usage: “the north” [sever], “the far north” [dal'niy sever], “the extreme north” [krayniy sever], “the northern marches” [severnyye okrainy], and “the Soviet north” [sovetskiy sever]. Some explanation of their current connotations may be helpful to those studying Soviet literature.

To the projects and challenges of domestic hydrophysical study of the global ocean’s polar regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
V. G. Neiman
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
North Atlantic Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
The World

One of the climatically significant, but the poor studied hydrophysical factor in the polar regions of the world ocean is the subsurface layer of relatively warm seawater of subtropical origin. In the Arctic Ocean, this layer is associated with the waters of the Gulfstream, the highlatitude continuation of which in the form of a spur of the North Atlantic current penetrates into the Arctic basin, where it sinks to the depth of its density and spreads throughout its vast space in the layer of 100–900 m. The existence of a subsurface layer with an anomalous inversion vertical profile of water temperature also occurs in the Southern ocean. The article discusses the problem of monitoring the dynamics of this layer and obtaining data from a field experiment on its interaction with the atmosphere in the context of the to-day climate change of the Arctic and Antarctic. There is a reason to hope that the planned development of modern Russian scientific research in the polar regions of the world ocean will help to solve this important climatic problem. The paper presents some key results of this kind of domestic oceanological studies of the mid-twentieth century, which made a significant contribution to the theory and experiment related to the dynamics of the Southern ocean.

scholarly journals Infrastructure climate requirements imposed to design of transport airplane for arctic exploration

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (S) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. KUPRIKOV ◽  
Lev N. RABINSKIY ◽  
Nikita M. KUPRIKOV
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Rich

The Arctic has been considered as a strategic region, which has economically and geopolitically a key position as the object of growing international competition. The dynamics of ice melting creates new conditions for functioning in the Arctic, and, consequently, ensuring the defense of Russia from the direction of the North Pole. Its active infrastructural development is justified not only by the rich natural resources, but also by the additional strategic logistics opportunities that open up for the Russian economy. The development of a complex of Arctic standards is a necessary step in the implementation of successful activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A structural-parametric analysis of the treaties on the Arctic and Antarctic has been done. We are talking about the algorithm for introducing ideas about “polar execution” into different areas of research activity and about its regulatory and legal support in the implementation of projects in the polar regions. In the XXI century.

scholarly journals Damage Compensation for Indigenous Peoples in the Conditions of Industrial Development of Territories on the Example of the Arctic Zone of the Sakha Republic

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burtseva Evdokia ◽  
Bysyina Anna
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North

In the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, hereinafter SR, the Arctic zones are the original habitat of indigenous peoples, who can conduct economic activities only in undisturbed or lightly disturbed lands. From this point of view, the problem of compensation for losses of indigenous peoples as a result of industrial development of territories is of particular relevance. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the main problems of indemnification of losses of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North (ISNPN) during the industrial development of the traditional natural resource management territories (TNRMT). The study was conducted using historical, geographical, analytical, synthetic, and statistical methods. In the Arctic zone, the diamond mining, gold mining, and coal mining industrial facilities are located inside TNRM areas. In the near future, it is planned to revive the tin industry, develop oil and gas fields on the continental Arctic shelf, and develop the Tomtor Complex Rare-Earth Deposit. In 2010, a law of the SR was passed: “On Ethnological Expertise in the Places of Traditional Residence and Traditional Economic Activities of the Peoples of the SR”. To date, in the ethnological examination of SR, we have investigated 13 investment business projects. In the course of the investigation, it turned out that most of the comments from both experts and tribal communities concern the section of compensation for damages. The official methodology developed on materials from the polar regions of the western part of Russia cannot be extrapolated to the entire territory of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. It is necessary to develop regional methods for calculating losses of indigenous peoples, which regulate the interaction of subsoil users with the authorities and representatives of the clan communities engaged in traditional crafts.

scholarly journals The role of tropopause polar vortices in the intensification of summer Arctic cyclones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Louise Gray ◽  
Kevin Ivan Hodges ◽  
Jonathan Luke Vautrey ◽  
John Methven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Vorticity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Cyclone Genesis

Abstract. Human activity in the Arctic is increasing as new regions become accessible, with a consequent need for improved understanding of hazardous weather there. Arctic cyclones are the major weather systems affecting the Arctic environment during summer, including the sea ice distribution. Meso- to synoptic-scale tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) frequently occur in polar regions and are a proposed mechanism for Arctic cyclone genesis and intensification. However, while the importance of pre-existing tropopause-level features for cyclone development, and their existence as part of the three-dimensional mature cyclone structure, is well established in the mid-latitudes, evidence of the importance of pre-existing TPVs for Arctic cyclone development is mainly limited to a few case studies. Here we examine the extent to which Arctic cyclone growth is coupled to TPVs by analysing a climatology of summer Arctic cyclones and TPV characteristics produced by tracking both features in the latest ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5). The annual counts of Arctic cyclones and TPVs are significantly correlated for features with genesis either within or outside the Arctic, implying that TPVs have a role in the development of Arctic cyclones. However, from their proximity, only about one third of Arctic cyclones intensify while influenced by a TPV and a maximum of 10 % have a nearby TPV at their genesis time. Consistent with the track densities of the full sets of Arctic cyclones and TPVs, cyclones associated with TPVs during their intensification phase (matched cyclones) track preferentially over the Arctic Ocean along the North American coastline and Canadian Archipelago. In contrast, cyclones intensifying distant from any TPV (unmatched cyclones) track preferentially along the north coast of Eurasia. Composite analysis reveals the presence of a distinct relative vorticity maximum at and above the tropopause level associated with the TPV throughout the intensification period for matched cyclones and that these cyclones have a reduced upstream tilt compared to unmatched cyclones. Interaction of cyclones with TPVs has implications for the predictability of Arctic weather, given the long lifetime, but relatively small spatial scale of TPVs compared with the density of the polar observation network.

To the issue of application of thermoplastic reinforced pipes for the construction of oil and gas pipelines in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
A. A. Tolmachev ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
T. G. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
The North ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies ◽  
Reinforcing Layer

Ensuring the safety of oil and gas facilities and increasing their facility life are today one of the most important tasks. Emergencies related to rupture and damage of steel pipelines because of their wear and tear and external factors are still the most frequent cases of emergencies during the transportation of hydrocarbons. To expand the fuel and energy complex in the north, in the direction of the Arctic, alternative types of pipelines are needed that solve the problems of reducing energy and labor costs in oil and gas companies, reducing the risk of environmental disasters and depressurization of pipelines during hydrocarbon production. Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic pipes can be such an alternative. This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the materials of a composite system consisting of a thermoplastic pipe (inner layer) and reinforcing fibers (outer layer); we are discussing the design of the structural system consisting of polyethylene (inner layer) and aramid fibers (outer reinforcing layer).

Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Impact

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

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