scholarly journals Okadaic acid as the causative toxin of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in Europe.

1986 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2853-2857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori KUMAGAI ◽  
Toshihiko YANAGI ◽  
Michio MURATA ◽  
Takeshi YASUMOTO ◽  
Marie KAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning

First Detection and Seasonal Variation of Lipophilic Toxins Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, and Yessotoxin in Korean Gastropods

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2000-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA JEONG LEE ◽  
JONG SOO MOK ◽  
KI CHEOL SONG ◽  
HONGSIK YU ◽  
DOO SEOG LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Lipophilic Toxins ◽  
Digestive Glands ◽  
Pectenotoxin 2

Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2, and yessotoxin (YTX) are classes of lipophilic toxins found in marine animals. OA and DTX1 accumulation causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, a worldwide public health problem. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning has not previously been reported in gastropods, which are widely consumed in Korea. Seasonal variation in marine lipophilic toxins in gastropods was investigated using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty specimens of Neptunea cumingii, 65 specimens of Rapana venosa, and 95 specimens of Batillus cornutus were collected at the Tongyeong fish market on the southern coast of Korea between May 2009 and December 2010. OA, DTX1, and YTX were detected in meat and digestive glands in all gastropod species studied. Pectenotoxin-2 was not found in any sample tested. Lipophilic toxins were detected in the digestive glands of gastropods; no lipophilic toxin was detected in the salivary glands of the carnivorous gastropods, N. cumingii and R. venosa. The highest concentrations of OA (21.5 ng/g) and DTX1 (8.4 ng/g) were detected in the digestive glands of R. venosa, and the maximum concentration of YTX (13.7 ng/g) was found in the digestive glands of N. cumingii. The maximum toxicities in gastropod tissues were lower than the European standard for acceptable levels. The concentrations of lipophilic toxins in carnivorous gastropods showed a high degree of seasonal variation; lipophilic toxins in carnivorous gastropods were found predominantly in spring and summer. This is the first report of the occurrence of lipophilic toxins in Korean gastropods.

Oxidative metabolism by Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae) of a diol-ester of okadaic acid, the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Windust ◽  
Tingmo Hu ◽  
Jeffrey L. C. Wright ◽  
Michael A. Quilliam ◽  
Jack L. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Thalassiosira Weissflogii ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Diol Ester
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