scholarly journals Studies on the Influence of Different Algerian Rock Phosphates when Reinforced with Leguminous Plant Material Like Cow-Pea (Vigna-Sinensis) on Carbon Transformations, Exchangeable Calcium and pH of the Alkali Soil

1957 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
S. P. MITRA ◽  
Hari SHANKER
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Alkali Soil

scholarly journals Secretion and endocytosis at the interface of plants and fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mendgen ◽  
U. Bachem ◽  
M. Stark-Urnau ◽  
H. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Immuno Electron Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Parasitic Phase

Secretion products and the uptake of material from the outside of the protoplasts of plants and microbes may influence the mutual interaction in host–parasite systems. Organelles involved in secretion by rust fungi have been characterized using immuno-electron microscopy. Proteins with the C-terminal histidine – aspartic acid – glutamic acid – leucine tetrapeptide (HDEL) signal sequence accumulated in tubular vesicular complexes of the ER in the parasitic phase of the fungi. The tubular complexes were differentiated from smooth cisternae that probably correspond to the Golgi equivalent. In the plant, material was secreted into the papilla and at the same time, endocytosis of 1, 3-β-glucans by clathrin-coated vesicles occurred at the penetration site of the monokaryotic appressorium. During further development of monokaryotic haustoria, different wall layers were produced around these haustoria. Components of those layers were plant cell wall constituents most of which were also detected in the Golgi apparatus. One layer was rich in callose, which is supposed to be synthesized at the plasma membrane. Obviously, endo- and exo-cytosis occur permanently by host and parasite during fungal development within the plant. Key words: Uromyces, Golgi, secretion, endocytosis, high-pressure freezing, Saccharomyces, Vigna sinensis, Vicia faba.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-15 labeling of Crotalaria juncea green manure

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmilson José Ambrosano ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Heitor Cantarella ◽  
Raffaella Rossetto ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Most studies dealing with the utilization of 15N labeled plant material do not present details about the labeling technique. This is especially relevant for legume species since biological nitrogen fixation difficults plant enrichment. A technique was developed for labeling leguminous plant tissue with 15N to obtain labeled material for nitrogen dynamics studies. Sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) was grown on a Paleudalf, under field conditions. An amount of 58.32 g of urea with 70.57 ± 0.04 atom % 15N was sprayed three times on plants grown on eight 6-m²-plots. The labelled material presented 2.412 atom % 15N in a total dry matter equivalent to 9 Mg ha-1 This degree of enrichment enables the use of the green manure in pot or field experiments requiring 15N-labeled material.

The uptake of calcium and strontium by plants from some Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
DJ David
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pot Culture

Calcium and strontium in eastern Australian soils and their uptake by plants have been examined in pot culture and under field conditions. The ratio of calcium to strontium in the plant material was closely related to the ratio of exchangeable calcium to exchangeable strontium in the soil, although the plants always contained a higher proportion of calcium. This was probably due to the difference in the adsorption of calcium and strontium by the soil colloids, and to small differences in the relative movement of calcium and strontium from the roots to the plant tops. The proportion of calcium to strontium in the plant material was similar to that in a water extract of the soil; this suggests that the two ions are taken up through the soil solution without any marked discrimination between them. While the proportion of calcium to strontium in the plant roots of oats and cocksfoot was generally similar to that in the plant tops, the roots of subterranean clover and Erodium botrys contained an appreciably higher proportion of strontium. However, since less than 20% of the total calcium and strontium uptake by these two species remained in the roots the effect of this on the proportions in the plant tops was small. Decreases in exchangeable calcium and strontium in soils following the growth of subterranean clover plants in pots were sufficient to account for almost 80 % of their total uptake by the plants. The amounts of calcium and strontium taken up by the clover in pots were related to the amounts of the exchangeable ions in the soil but the smaller uptake of calcium by oats was more closely related to the water-soluble calcium. When soluble calcium and strontium were added to soils in pot culture the ratio Ca/Sr (plant tops) in oats was closely related to the ratio Ca/Sr (exchangeable + added). The addition of calcium carbonate to the surface of three soils in pots markedly increased the ratio of calcium to strontium in the plant tops of subterranean clover in each case. Under field conditions the uptake of calcium and strontium by subterranean clover appeared to be related to the exchangeable forms in the surface 4 in. of soil. With wheat, however, other factors seemed to Influence their uptake including the soil calcium and strontium at depths below 4 in. The accumulation of calcium from superphosphate in the exchangeable form under subterranean clover pastures increased the ratio Ca/Sr (exchangeable) in the surface soil.

scholarly journals Degradation of the Indospicine Toxin from Indigofera spicata by a Mixed Population of Rumen Bacteria

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Rosalind A. Gilbert ◽  
Gabriele Netzel ◽  
Kerri Chandra ◽  
Diane Ouwerkerk ◽  
Mary T. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Indigofera Spicata ◽  
Ruminant Livestock

The leguminous plant species, Indigofera linnaei and Indigofera spicata are distributed throughout the rangeland regions of Australia and the compound indospicine (L-2-amino-6-amidinohexanoic acid) found in these palatable forage plants acts as a hepatotoxin and can accumulate in the meat of ruminant livestock and wild camels. In this study, bovine rumen fluid was cultivated in an in vitro fermentation system provided with Indigofera spicata plant material and the ability of the resulting mixed microbial populations to degrade indospicine was determined using UPLC–MS/MS over a 14 day time period. The microbial populations of the fermentation system were determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and showed distinct, time-related changes occurring as the rumen-derived microbes adapted to the fermentation conditions and the nutritional substrates provided by the Indigofera plant material. Within eight days of commencement, indospicine was completely degraded by the microbes cultivated within the fermenter, forming the degradation products 2-aminopimelamic acid and 2-aminopimelic acid within a 24 h time period. The in vitro fermentation approach enabled the development of a specifically adapted, mixed microbial population which has the potential to be used as a rumen drench for reducing the toxic side-effects and toxin accumulation associated with ingestion of Indigofera plant material by grazing ruminant livestock.

scholarly journals Characterization of Rhizobia from Root Nodule and Rhizosphere of Lablab purpureus and Vigna sinensis in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safirun Pervin ◽  
Bushra Jannat ◽  
Sohana Al Sanjee
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Poor Growth

Nitrogen fixation resulting from mutual symbiosis of rhizobia and cultivated legume plants is therefore critical to food security as it directly affects agricultural production. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) can be an important factor in sustainable agriculture.The isolation and identification of different slow growing and fast growing rhizobial strains from the nodules of two leguminous plant species. Symbiotic nitrogen fixing Rhizobium spp. was isolated from (Lablab purpureus and Vigna sinensis). Nodules samples were collected from plants growing in different Districts of Bangladesh and the Glucose-Peptone Agar (GPA), Congo red, Yeast Mannitol Agar (YMA) containing 2% NaCl were employed to make presumptive decisions on the recognition and classification of the isolated bacterial strains. All the isolates were found with poor absorption of dye Congo red and little or no growth on the media of GPA and without altering the pH. Almost all of the isolates exhibit growth on 2% NaCl, poor growth on GPA, thus confirming the rhizobia. After biochemical tests like catalase test and citrate utilization test isolates were confirmed as Rhizobia. The presence of rhizobia on root nodules of leguminous Plant. Not only the leguminous Plant but also the rhizosphere contains rhizobia which help in soil fertilization.

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