scholarly journals Study on the Postprandial Blood Glucose Suppression Effect ofD-Psicose in Borderline Diabetes and the Safety of Long-Term Ingestion by Normal Human Subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko HAYASHI ◽  
Tetsuo IIDA ◽  
Takako YAMADA ◽  
Kazuhiro OKUMA ◽  
Isao TAKEHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Borderline Diabetes

Specialized systems for the processing of mnemonic information within the primate frontal cortex

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1346) ◽  
pp. 1455-1462 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Executive Processing ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Cortical Association Areas

The lateral frontal cortex is involved in various aspects of executive processing within short- and long-term memory. It is argued that the different parts of the lateral frontal cortex make distinct contributions to memory that differ in terms of the level of executive processing that is carried out in interaction with posterior cortical systems. According to this hypothesis, the mid-dorsolateral frontal cortex (areas 46 and 9) is a specialized system for the monitoring and manipulation of information within working memory, whereas the mid-ventrolateral frontal cortex (areas 47/12 and 45) is involved in the active retrieval of information from the posterior cortical association areas. Data are presented which support this two-level hypothesis that posits two distinct levels of interaction of the lateral frontal cortex with posterior cortical association areas. Functional activation studies with normal human subjects have demonstrated specific activity within the mid-dorsolateral region of the frontal cortex during the performance of tasks requiring monitoring of self-generated and externally generated sequences of responses. In the monkey, lesions restricted to this region of the frontal cortex yield a severe impairment in performance of the above tasks, this impairment appearing against a background of normal performance on several basic mnemonic tasks. By contrast, a more severe impairment follows damage to the mid-ventrolateral frontal region and functional activation studies have demonstrated specific changes in activity in this region in relation to the active retrieval of information from memory.

scholarly journals African plant foods rich in non-starch polysaccharides reduce postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy human subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna A. Onyechi ◽  
Patricia A. Judd ◽  
Peter R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Time Points

The effects of two vegetable flours, prepared from the African plants Detarium senegalense Gmelin, a legume, and Cissus rotundifolia, a shrub, on postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations in human subjects, were investigated. Chemical analysis indicated that these flours contained significant amounts of NSP. The detarium in particular was found to be a rich source of water-soluble NSP (SNSP). The flours were incorporated into two types of breakfast meal, a stew meal and a wheat bread meal, containing 50 g and 70 g available carbohydrate respectively. Both meals also contained 10–12g NSP, the major fraction of which was SNSP. Control and fibre-rich meals were consumed on separate days in randomized order by two different groups of subjects (n 5, stew meals; n 10, bread meals). Venous blood samples were taken at fasting (0 min) and postprandially at 30 min intervals for 2·5 h and the plasma analysed for glucose and insulin. Compared with the controls, detarium and cissus meals elicited significant reductions (P < 0·006) in plasma glucose levels at most postprandial time points and for area-under-the-curve (AUC) values (AUC reductions 38–62%). Significant reductions (P < 0·002) in plasma insulin levels at various postprandial time points and for AUC values were also seen after detarium and cissus breads (AUC reductions 43 and 36% respectively), but not after the fibre-rich stew meals. SNSP and starch are possibly the main, but not the only, components responsible for the glucose- and insulin-lowering effects of cissus flour. The main SNSP fraction of detarium, identified as a high-molecular-weight xyloglucan, is likely to be a primary factor in determining the physiological activity of detarium flour.

scholarly journals Metabolism and performance during extended high-intensity intermittent exercise after consumption of low- and high-glycaemic index pre-exercise meals

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S1) ◽  
pp. S81-S90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B. Bennett ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Trevor Barss ◽  
Hassanali Vatanparast ◽  
Albert Vandenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance

The metabolic and performance benefits of prior consumption of low-glycaemic index (GI) meals v. high-GI meals were determined in extended high-intensity intermittent exercise. Participants (ten males and four females, aged 25·8 (sd 7·3) years) completed two testing days (each consisting of back-to-back 90-min intermittent high-intensity treadmill running protocols separated by 3 h) spaced by at least 7 d. Using a randomised counterbalanced cross-over design, low-GI, lentil-based meals (GI about 42) or high-GI, potato-based meals (GI about 78) matched for energy value were consumed 2 h before, and within 1 h after, the first exercise session. Performance was measured by the distance covered during five 1-min sprints (separated by 2·5 min walking) at the end of each exercise session. Peak postprandial blood glucose was higher by 30·8 % in the high-GI trial compared with the low-GI trial, as was insulin (P = 0·039 and P = 0·003, respectively). Carbohydrate oxidation was lower by 5·5 % during the low-GI trials compared with the high-GI trials at the start of the first exercise session (P < 0·05). Blood lactate was significantly higher (6·1 v. 2·6 mmol/l; P = 0·019) and blood glucose significantly lower (4·8 v. 5·4 mmol/l; P = 0·039) at the end of the second exercise session during the high-GI trial compared with the low-GI trial. Sprint distance was not significantly different between conditions. A low-GI meal improved the metabolic profile before and during extended high-intensity intermittent exercise, but did not affect performance. Improvements in metabolic responses when consuming low-GI meals before exercise may be beneficial to the long-term health of athletes.

scholarly journals Effects of Extract of Guava Leaves on the Development of Diabetes in the db/db Mouse and on the Postprandial Blood Glucose of Human Subjects.

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoriko DEGUCHI ◽  
Kuniko OSADA ◽  
Kazumi UCHIDA ◽  
Hiroko KIMURA ◽  
Masaki YOSHIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Guava Leaves

scholarly journals Effectivness of specific mobile health applications (mHealth-apps) in gestational diabtetes mellitus: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Eberle ◽  
Maxine Loehnert ◽  
Stefanie Stichling
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mobile Health Applications ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Mhealth Apps ◽  
Health Applications

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) emerges worldwide and is closely associated with short- and long-term health issues in women and their offspring, such as pregnancy and birth complications respectively comorbidities, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome as well as cardiovascular diseases. Against this background, mobile health applications (mHealth-Apps) do open up new possibilities to improve the management of GDM. Therefore, we analyzed the clinical effectiveness of specific mHealth-Apps on clinical health-related short and long-term outcomes in mother and child. Methods A systematic literature search in Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science Core Collection databases as well as Google Scholar was performed. We selected studies published 2008 to 2020 analyzing women diagnosed with GDM using specific mHealth-Apps. Controlled clinical trials (CCT) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Results In total, n = 6 publications (n = 5 RCTs, n = 1 CCT; and n = 4 moderate, n = 2 weak quality), analyzing n = 408 GDM patients in the intervention and n = 405 in the control groups, were included. Compared to control groups, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, off target blood glucose measurements, delivery mode (more vaginal deliveries and fewer (emergency) caesarean sections) and patient compliance showed improving trends. Conclusion mHealth-Apps might improve health-related outcomes, particularly glycemic control, in the management of GDM. Further studies need to be done in more detail.

scholarly journals FOSHU-approved Fibersol®-2 product review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Danik Martirosyan ◽  
Stella Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
English Language ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Product Review ◽  
Potential Health

Fibersol®-2 is manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and is sold as a tasteless powder or liquid to be added to foods or beverages. It is approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare as a “Standardized FOSHU (Food for Specified Health Uses)” ingredient that contains the bioactive compound, digestion-resistant maltodextrin. Its current designated functions under FOSHU are as a dietary fiber for improving intestinal regularity and for controlling postprandial blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, clinical trials have been done in human and animal subjects to investigate other potential health benefits. This product review focuses on English-language publications of studies that tested Fibersol-2 on human subjects. From these studies, there is evidence that Fibersol-2 plays a role in controlling fasting blood glucose levels, improving intestinal function and metabolic syndrome, and increasing satiety in human subjects. However, more studies are needed to draw definite conclusions about the amounts of Fibersol-2 that are needed to observe each health benefit and to confirm the efficacy and significance of Fibersol-2’s benefits in the larger population, particularly the benefits that aren’t designated under FOSHU.Keywords: Fibersol-2, FOSHU, glucose control, metabolic syndrome, intestinal benefit, microbiome, dietary fiber, satiety

scholarly journals Logical design of oral glucose ingestion pattern minimizing blood glucose in humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Fujii ◽  
Yohei Murakami ◽  
Yasuaki Karasawa ◽  
Yohei Sumitomo ◽  
Suguru Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Logical Design ◽  
Peak Value

SUMMARYExcessive increase in blood glucose level after eating increases the risk of macroangiopathy, and a method for not increasing the postprandial blood glucose level is desired. However, a logical design method of the dietary ingestion pattern controlling the postprandial blood glucose 2 level has not yet been established. We constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control by oral glucose ingestion in 3 healthy human subjects, used the model to predict an optimal glucose ingestion pattern, and showed that the optimal ingestion pattern minimized the peak value of blood glucose level. Subjects orally ingested 3 doses of glucose by bolus or over 2 hours, and blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide and incretins were measured for 4 hours. We constructed an ordinary differential equation model that reproduced the time course data of the blood glucose and blood hormone levels. Using the model, we predicted that intermittent ingestion 30 minutes apart was the optimal glucose ingestion patterns that minimized the peak value of blood glucose level. We confirmed with subjects that this intermittent pattern decreased the peak value of blood glucose level. This approach could be applied to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns.In BriefAs a forward problem, we measured blood glucose and hormones in three human subjects after oral glucose ingestion and constructed a mathematical model of blood glucose control. As an inverse problem, we used the model to predict the optimal oral glucose ingestion pattern that minimized the peak value of blood glucose level, and validated the pattern with the subjects.HighlightsModeling blood glucose concentrations predicts an intermittent ingestion pattern is optimalHuman validation shows ingestion at 30-minute intervals limits peak blood glucoseWe provide a strategy to design optimal dietary ingestion patterns

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